亚硒酸钠对大鼠胃癌形成和胰岛 B、D细胞的影响及机制

目的探讨亚硒酸钠对大鼠胃癌形成和胰岛B、D细胞的影响及机制.方法用MNNG(20 mg/kg)给大鼠灌胃,每天一次,连续10天,以诱导大鼠胃癌形成.用HE染色与AB-PAS染色方法观察硒对MNNG诱导Wistar大鼠胃癌形成的影响;用免疫组织化学SP法显示胰岛内胰岛素细胞(B细胞)、生长抑素细胞(D细胞),并对其结果进行图像分析和统计学处理.结果饮水中加入2 mg/L和4 mg/L的亚硒酸钠加重了胃粘膜的糜烂、出血,促进了胃粘膜的肠上皮化生,高硒组比实验对照组(P<0.01),出现了浆膜下平滑肌瘤,增加了平滑肌瘤的发生率.B细胞的面数密度(NA)各组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但平均光密度(MOD)低硒组比正常对照组和实验对照组显著升高(P<0.01).D细胞的面数密度实验对照组和加硒各组比正常对照组显著降低(P<0.01),但是MOD值各组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05).结论在MNNG所致胃癌的过程中,饮水中加入2 mg/L、4 mg/L亚硒酸钠不能降低大鼠胃癌的发生;其机制可能与亚硒酸钠的胰岛素模拟作用有关.     

膦甲酸钠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的:探讨膦甲酸钠(可耐)治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法:选择1 0 0例慢性乙型肝炎患者,给予膦甲酸注射液3g/3 0 0mL ,静脉滴注,bid×1 5d后改为qd ,共3 0d ;对照组3 1例,仅给常规护肝药物、静脉滴注,共3 0d ,检测治疗前后患者血清乙肝三系,HBV -DNA及肝功能变化情况。结果:治疗后HBeAg阴转率两组分别为4 6 %、2 2 .5 8% ,HBV -DNA阴转率两组分别为6 6 %及1 9.3 5 % ,有显著性差异(P <0 .0 5 ) ,肝功能恢复亦优于对照组。HBsAg阴转方面无意义。结论:静脉注射膦甲酸钠,用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎,对抑制乙肝病毒复制及肝功能恢复具有一定作用     

肾综合征出血热早期凝血六项检测及应用肝素的临床意义

目的探讨小剂量肝素对肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的临床意义.方法将两组HFRS发热期患者在入院当天均做凝血六项检测,其中一组(肝素组)每天用5%的葡萄糖250ml加肝素6250单位(50mg)静滴一次,4天为一疗程.其他治疗两组均按HFRS常规治疗.结果肝素组血小板(PLT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)的非正常参考值指标均高于非肝素组(P<0.01),提示肝素组病情重于非肝素组,而肝素组死亡率(5.8%)却低于非肝素组(8.2%).结论 HFRS患者早期应用小剂量肝素,对减少病理损伤,及时纠正高凝状态,防止血栓形成,降低病死率具有临床意义.     

注射用头孢曲松钠-舒巴坦钠治疗成人社区获得性细菌性下呼吸道感染96例疗效分析

目的观察注射用头孢曲松钠-舒巴坦钠治疗成人社区获得性细菌性下呼吸道感染的临床有效性、安全性.方法中度、重度细菌性下呼吸道感染病人186例,随机分为2组,注射用头孢曲松钠-舒巴坦钠组96例.男59例,女37例;年龄(48±13)岁.予注射用头孢曲松钠-舒巴坦钠1.25 g静脉注射,2次/d;注射用青霉素钠组90例.男56例,女34例;年龄(48±12)岁.予注射用青霉素钠480万u静脉注射,2次/d.2组均以7～10 d为1个疗程.结果注射用头孢曲松钠)舒巴坦钠组与注射用青霉素钠组的临床有效率分别为89.6%与66.7%(P＜0.05),2组无明显不良反应.结论注射用头孢曲松钠-舒巴坦钠是治疗中度、重度细菌性下呼吸道感染安全有效的抗生素.     

Dopamine-independent action of cocaine on striatal and accumbal neurons

Increasing evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) mechanisms alone cannot fully explain the psychoemotional and behavioural effects of cocaine, including its ability to induce drug-taking behaviour. Although it is known that cocaine, after intravenous administration or smoking, may reach brain levels high enough to inhibit Na+ transport, the role of this action remains unclear. To examine the contribution of local anaesthetic and DA mechanisms to changes in striatal and accumbal neuronal activity induced by cocaine, single-unit recording was combined with iontophoresis in awake, unrestrained rats. Most spontaneously active and glutamate-stimulated neurons were highly sensitive to brief cocaine applications (0-40 nA); cocaine-induced inhibitions occurred at small ejection currents (0-5 nA), were dose-dependent, highly stable during repeated applications and strongly dependent on basal activity rates. These neuronal responses remained almost unchanged after systemic administration of either a selective D1 antagonist (SCH-23390, 0.2 mg/kg) or a combination of SCH-23390 (1 mg/kg) and eticlopride (1 mg/kg), a D2 antagonist. Whereas SCH-23390 alone had a weak attenuating effect, no effect and even a slight enhancement of responses to cocaine occurred in fast-firing glutamate (GLU)-stimulated units after the combined blockade of D1 and D2 receptors. Responses to cocaine were mimicked by iontophoretic procaine (0-40 nA), a short-acting local anaesthetic with minimal effect on DA uptake. Procaine-induced inhibitions occurred at the same low currents, had a similar time-course, and were also strongly dependent on basal discharge rate. Our data support the existence of a DA-independent mechanism for the action of cocaine involving a direct interaction with Na+ channels. Although further studies are required to clarify this mechanism and its interaction with other pharmacological and behavioural variables, a direct interaction with Na+ channels may contribute to changes in neuronal activity induced by self-injected cocaine, thereby playing a role in mediating the psychoemotional and behavioural effects of this drug.     

声学定量评价可调钠透析对左心功能的影响

目的:借用声学定量技术检测透析患者的左心功能,探讨长期应用可调钠透析对左心功能的影响。方法:选择30例血液透析患者,按常规血液透析模式(CHD)和可调钠透析模式(PHD)分为两组,分别于实验开始及3个月后检测其心功能。结果:PHD组血透患者3个月后心脏收缩功能的指标射血分数(EF)、峰值射血率(PER)明显增加,而CHD组各心功能指标无明显变化。3个月前后两组之间左心功能无明显差别。结论:长期应用可调钠透析可较快地改善左心功能。     

氟对人成骨样细胞株凋亡的影响

目的研究氟化钠(NaF)对人成骨样细胞株凋亡的影响及其机制。方法四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞的增殖能力,萤光染剂(Hoechst 33342)染色,DNA梯形(DNA Ladder)琼脂糖电泳,流式细胞仪分析检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR半定量分析抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和促凋亡蛋白Bax mRNA表达,显色法检测凋亡相关激酶半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的活性。结果NaF(4,6,8×10-3mol/L)可以剂量依赖性地抑制细胞增殖(P<0.01),Hoechst33342染色、琼脂糖电泳和流式细胞仪均可检测到氟对成骨细胞凋亡的诱导作用。RT-PCR结果显示:NaF可以剂量依赖性地抑制Bcl-2 mRNA表达(P<0.01),提高Bax mRNA表达(P<0.01),并显著增强Caspase-3的活性(P<0.01)。结论NaF可以显著的抑制人成骨样细胞株增殖和诱导其凋亡,并可能是通过抑制Bcl-2表达,促进Bax表达和提高Caspase-3活性来诱导人成骨样细胞株凋亡。     

左氧氟沙星透明质酸钠滴眼液眼部药代动力学与生物利用度研究

目的研究0.3%左氧氟沙星透明质酸钠滴眼液滴眼后的药代动力学行为以及与同质量浓度普通处方比较相对生物利用度。方法采用新西兰大白兔,实验组双侧眼分别准确滴入0.3%的左氧氟沙星透明质酸钠滴眼液50μl,对照组双侧眼分别准确滴入0.3%盐酸左氧氟沙星滴眼液50μl,分别于不同时间取泪液、角膜与房水对其定量,药物质量浓度采用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定。药代动力学参数采用3p87药代动力学软件计算拟合求得。结果反相HPLC法可以将左氧氟沙星同其他杂质很好分离,最低定量质量浓度为0.05μg/m l,在组织中平均回收率为76.35%。测定0.3%的左氧氟沙星透明质酸钠滴眼液与对照组给药后泪液药物半衰期分别为8.27、7.81 m in,角膜消除相半衰期为146.38、128.31 m in,房水消除半衰期为59.78、51.82 m in。房水达峰质量浓度分别为1.621、0.995μg/m l。药物的泪液、角膜和房水质量浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC0-240分别是对照组的1.8、1.6和1.9倍。结论0.3%左氧氟沙星透明质酸钠滴眼液同对照组比较,其相对生物利用度显著提高。     

Exposure to metallic gold in patients with contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate

Gold allergy is common, with approximately 10% of patients patch tested because of eczematous disease being positive to gold sodium thiosulfate (GSTS). However, clinical relevance seems to be rare. The aim of this prospective double-blind study was to demonstrate the effects of exposure to metallic gold, in this case earrings, in gold-positive patients. 60 female patients with pierced earlobes test-positive to GSTS were included in the study. The patients were randomized into 2 groups, 30 patients receiving earrings with a surface layer consisting of 24-carat gold and 30 patients earrings with a surface layer of titanium nitride, virtually indistinguishable from gold. The patients wore the earrings for 8 weeks. During the study, any dermatitis on the earlobes, as well as on other body sites, was registered. The skin reactions observed were weak but, in total, 17 of the 60 patients had a skin reaction (local or remote) during the study, 12 of whom had received gold earrings and 5 titanium (p<0.05). 11 patients had a reaction on the earlobes, 7 of whom had received gold earrings and 4 titanium (NS). With these facts it is hard to exclude that exposure to gold jewelry can be clinically relevant in persons hypersensitive to gold.