老年冠心病人的非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的：探讨老年（70岁及以上）人冠心病患者非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）的可行性和优越性。方法：回顾性分析207例老年（70岁及以上）冠心病患者的冠状动脉旁路移植术资料。其中OPCABG组146例,占70．5％;体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）组61例（29．5％）。比较两组术后早期死亡率及合并症的发生情况。结果：OPCABG组平均搭桥（3．58±1．03）支／人,CCABG组平均搭桥（3．45±1．28）支／人,两组无明显差别。OPCABG组术后早期死亡率显著低于CCABG组（1．4％：8．2％,P〈0．01）。与CCABG组比较,OPCABG组的术后平均气管插管时间、平均ICU停留时间、平均输血量、二次开胸、神经系统并发症明显减少（P均〈0．01）。结论：非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术在老年冠心病患者中安全可行,临床效果好。     

320排CT在冠脉旁路移植术后随访中的应用价值

目的：探讨320排CT在冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后随访中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析143例CABG术后患者行320排CT造影检查（CTA）资料,对所有桥血管及自体冠状动脉320排CT扫描结果进行容积再现技术（VR）、多平面重建（MPR）、曲面重建（CPR）等后处理,综合评价桥血管有无狭窄、闭塞及通畅情况。并与14例同期行X线冠状动脉造影（CAG）患者的资料进行对照分析。结果：143例患者共计桥血管372支,CTA对372支桥血管通畅、病变情况可进行良好评估;14.2%（53/372）的桥血管发生病变,术后1年内动静脉桥血管的通畅率分别为94.3%、86.3%,随术后时间延长,动脉桥病变率呈进行性增加的趋势;胸痛组与非胸痛组桥血管通畅率差异有统计学意义;与14例患者CAG检查结果对比,320排CTA对桥血管病变诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.3%、100%、100%、92.5%,对自体冠状动脉病变诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.3%、96.5%、92.6%、97.4%。结论：320排CT对CABG术后桥血管病变的评价具有较高的准确率,是CABG术后随访无创性检查的首选方法。     

70岁以上患者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与心脏瓣膜手术的临床分析

目的总结70岁以上患者同期冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与心脏瓣膜手术的经验。方法选择70岁以上患者同期实施冠状动脉旁路移植术与心脏瓣膜手术患者22例。主动脉瓣置换8例,二尖瓣置换3例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换2例,二尖瓣成形5例,二尖瓣加三尖瓣成形2例,主动脉瓣置换加二尖瓣成形1例,二尖瓣置换三尖瓣整形1例。共旁路移植67支,平均1～5(3.1±1.7)支。结果本组围手术期无死亡。重症监护室滞留时间59～163(91.6±35.9)h,机械通气时间12～96(43.8±26.1)h,术后住院时间15～44(21.3±9.2)d。左心室舒张末内径较术前明显降低[(50.5±7.7)mmvs(56.5±10.2)mm,P<0.01)],LVEF较术前明显升高[(52.6±10.6)%vs(47.9±10.2)%,P<0.05]。术后随访6个月～1年,死亡2例。结论老年患者同期施行CABG与心脏瓣膜手术效果满意。加强围手术期管理、恰当处理瓣膜病变、心肌充分再血管化、良好心肌保护和缩短心肌缺血时间是手术成功的关键因素。     

Ministernotomy for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Through a ministernotomy ＂J shaped approach, left internal mammary artery （LIMA） bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery （LAD） can be performed safely off-pump. To achieve a complete revascularization, percutaneous coronary interventions （PCI） with drug eluting stent implantation to other coronary arteries was used. We reported outcomes of the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass （MICAB） and PCI. Methods Between January 2009 and Dec 2012, 14 patients （11 males, 3 females, mean age was 64.8 _ 10.1 years. Two-vessel disease account for 35.7% （5/14） of these patients, three-vessel disease 64.2% （9/14） （Table 1）. All patients underwent a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via mini-sternotomy ＂J＂ shaped approach. Seven patients were followed by PCI, 7 for obtuse marginal circumflex, 5 for right coronary artery （RCA）. Angiographic assessment of graft patency was performed in all patients during the PCI procedure. The clinical follow-up period lasts from 11-24 months. Results The in-hospital mortality was 0%. There was neither conversion to a full median sternotomy nor intraoperative complications. Ventilation time was 6.6 ＋_ 4.1 h. Blood loss ranged 341 ＋_ 78.8 mL. ICU stay ranged 22.3 _ 12.8 h. Hospital postoperative stay lasted for 6.5 ＋ 1.6 days. Prior to PCI patients showed 100% patent left internal mammary artery. One patient had mediastinitis （Tables 2-3）. Rate of freedom from cardiac reintervention during the follow-up period was 92.8% （13/14）. Conclusions The inferior J-shaped sternotomy is simple, reproducible, and the safest technique for performing minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. MICAB ＋ PCI is also safe, feasible and efficacious.     

非停跳冠脉搭桥术中氧供和氧耗的变化

实施非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术,暴露和固定各支冠状动脉使跳动的心脏解剖位置发生改变,必然影响到心脏的功能,引起全身血液动力学的改变,继而使全身氧供(DO2)和氧耗(VO2)发生改变。本研究通过观察非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术中,使用Octopus心脏固定器,暴露和固定三支主要冠状动脉时引起的     

乌司他丁对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术病人围术期炎性反应的影响

目的观察乌司他丁对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)病人围术期炎性反应的影响。方法拟行OPCABG的病人24例,采用随机、双盲方法分为对照组(C组)和乌司他丁组(U组),每组12例。静脉注射咪达唑仑0.1mg/kg、芬太尼10～20μg/kg、哌库溴铵0.1mg/kg麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气,吸入1%～2%异氟烷、间断静脉注射芬太尼(2～5μg/kg,总量最高为50μg/ kg)、持续静脉输注哌库溴铵0.03～0.05mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)维持麻醉。U组麻醉诱导后开始恒速静脉输注乌司他丁6 000U/kg(30min内输完),然后以1 000 U·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)的速率持续静脉输注至手术结束。C组采用的同样方法输注等容量的生理盐水。分别在切皮前即刻(T_1)、冠状动脉全部吻合结束后0.5h (T_2)、术后2h(T_3)、6h(T_4)、18h(T_5)采集静脉血,测定血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10、终末补体复合物(TCC)的浓度及CD11b/CD18的表达。结果与T_1比较,C组在T_(3,4)时IL-6浓度、T_3时IL-10浓度升高,T_(2-4)时CD11b/CD18表达升高,2组在T_2时TCC浓度均升高(P<0.05或0.01);与C组比较,U组在T_3时IL-6、IL-10浓度降低,在T_(2～4)时CD11b/CD18表达降低(P<0.05或0.01)。结论乌司他丁可在一定程度上抑制OPCABG病人围术期IL-6、IL-10浓度及CD11b/CD18表达的升高,具有减轻炎性反应的作用。     

Passive graft perfusion in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Myocardial protection during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （OPCABG） is a multifactorial problem in which maintaining stable systemic hemodynamics is very important. In this study passive graft perfusion （PGP） was applied to investigate the effect during and after OPCABG as evaluated by cardiac troponin I （CTnl） and hemodynamic indexes. Methods Thirty first-time patients underwent OPCABG under one surgeon. They were randomly divided into two groups： The passive graft perfusion group （PGP, n=15） received distal coronary perfusion during the anastomosis and immediate graft perfusion after the distal anastomosis. The control group, no graft perfusion group, （NGP, n=15） received no graft perfusion after the distal anastomosis. The results of the two protocols were evaluated by concentration of CTnl and hemodynamic indexes before induction and after operation. Results There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in their perioperation parameters. The level of CTnl increased postoperatively, reached its peak at 6 hours （P〈0.05） and recovered by the 6 days postoperative. Compared with the control group the concentration of CTnl in the PGP group was significantly lower at 6 and 24 hours （P〈0.01）. Compared with the NGP group, cardiac index （CI） in the PGP group was higher at 12 and 24 hours after operation （P〈0.05）. The period of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the PGP group than in the NGP group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion PGP can increase the flow to the myocardium and shorten the heart ischemia time, thus maintain stable systemic hemodynamics, supply a satisfactory CI after surgery and improve surgery outcome.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在高危冠状动脉旁路移植患者围手术期的应用

目的 总结应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump IABP)治疗重症冠心病患者的经验,比较冠状动脉旁路移植术前、术中及术后放置IABP对于重症冠心病的治疗效果,为重症冠心病患者临床使用IABP提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年5月6208例行冠状动脉旁路移植术或冠状动脉旁路移植合并其他心脏手术的患者资料,按置入IABP时间将103例重症并行IABP治疗患者分为IABP术前置入组(组1)38例、术中置入组(组2)31例和术后置入组(组3)34例.组1为术前药物治疗不能控制的不稳定型心绞痛、冠状动脉左主干狭窄＞90％、心功能低下(左心室射血分数＜0.40)、心源性休克行急诊手术及顽固性室性心律失常患者.组2及组3均符合组1的置入指征并且在术中或术后出现血流动力学不稳定、低心排血量综合征、脱离体外循环困难及心功能降低.分析比较3组术后病死率、住院时间、ICU停留时间、呼吸机使用时间、IABP辅助时间、射血分数改善率、其他机械辅助装置使用比例、室颤及胸腔积液发生率等指标.结果 3组术后死亡比例(组1 2.6％、组212.9％、组3 47.1％)、住院时间[组1(23.6±9.8)天、组2(21.5 ±9.7)天、组3(28.9±13.3)天]、ICU停留时间[组1(2.3±1.1)天、组2(3.5±1.5)天、组3(5.2±3.4)天]、气管插管时间[组1 (29.5±23.0)h、组2(38.7 ±20.6)h、组3(84.1±48.0)h]、IABP维持时间[组1(77.0±43.7)h、组2(93.8±44.8)h、组3(121.5 ±71.7)h],EF改善率[(组1(7.5±7.2)、组2(8.5±7.5)、组3(2.0±6.7)]和正性肌力药物维持时间[组1(3.7±4.9)天、组2(6.2±4.6)天、组3(10.8±5.4)天],差异均有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 重症冠心病患者术前置入IABP可以明显获益.患者有IABP应用指征时,应果断尽早应用.     

不停跳冠脉搭桥手术54例配合体会

目的:探讨非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥的手术配合。方法:选择某医院在非体外循环即心脏不停跳下行多支冠状动脉搭桥术54例,采用胸骨正中切口,应用心脏表面固定器、冠脉内分流器行不停跳搭桥术,术中控制血压、心率的变化,保证有效循环血量,充分利用局部心肌固定器及冠状动脉塞子,使吻合口局部心肌处于相对静止和冠状动脉吻合处于无血状态。结果:54例冠状动脉搭桥手术顺利,无并发症及手术意外的发生,有效缩短手术时间,无1例死亡,术后8～15天均痊愈出院。结论:护士术前访视病人、充分准备,熟悉手术步骤,配合技术娴熟,有利于手术的顺利进行。     

Hypercoagulable state after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: evidence,mechanisms and implications

During the past decade, there has been a dramatic resurgence in the adoption of off-pump technology in coronary artery bypass surgery. This has inspired remarkable advances in the techniques of localized tissue stabilization and a greater understanding of the physiology of beating-heart mobilization and exposure. An avalanche of reports in the literature has demonstrated the early safety and efficacy of the procedure. However, despite abundant evidence validating the safety and efficacy of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, considerable controversy still persists regarding the long-term outcomes of this approach to myocardial revascularization. One area of concern, and even greater uncertainty, surrounds the issue of the existence of a hypercoagulable state after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. This article evaluates the current best evidence available from randomized controlled trials to assess the impact of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet activation, discusses the issue of hypercoagulability with emphasis on the mechanisms responsible for this actual or potential hypercoagulability, and explores the implications of this issue for clinical practice.