基于《金匮要略》头风摩散结合摩法治疗偏头痛思路探究

偏头痛是临床常见头面部疾病,现在医学多采用特异性治疗药物跟非特异性止痛药物治疗。长期服药造成一定的并发症及不良反应,中西医结合治疗偏头痛是临床研究的重点。张仲景《金匮要略.中风历节病脉证并治》篇中初次记录头风摩散,该外治方的主要功效是用来治疗头风病,同时开创了摩顶膏法的先河。 摩法是最古老、最常用的手法之一。记载摩法的古代文献颇多,可追溯至《素问.病能》曰；“摩之切之。” 《素问.至真要大论》曰：“摩之、浴之。”并由此演绎出一系列实用手法。本文旨在探究摩法结合头风摩散治疗偏头痛的操作应用及其原理,进一步考究摩法与头风摩散结合治疗偏头痛的协同作用,以期对临床有一定指导意义。     

Modifiable Factors to Decrease the Cost of Robotic-Assisted Procedures

In 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci Surgical System® for use in the United States. Since that time, the number of surgical robotic systems throughout the United States has continued to grow. The costs for using the system include the initial purchase ($1 million to $2.3 million) plus annual maintenance fees ($100,000 to $150,000) and the cost of limited-use or disposable instruments. Increasing the number of procedures that are performed using the robotic system can decrease the per-procedure costs. Two modifiable factors that contribute to increasing the annual caseload are increasing the number of surgeons capable of using the system and having a properly educated perioperative nursing team. An educated surgical team decreases turnover time, facilitates proper flow of each surgical procedure, and is able to actively and passively solve intraoperative problems.     

Pseudo-aneurysm of mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa: Two case reports

The fibrous body between the mitral and aortic valve, known as mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is prone to infection and injury resulting in pseudo-aneurysm formation. Because of its relative rarity, we are far from making any conclusion regarding the natural history and appropriate therapeutic strategy for this condition. We report two cases of this condition with two different and rare etiologies with strikingly different natural courses, providing insight into the natural course and timing of surgery in this rare entity.     

心力衰竭患儿左室非同步运动与二尖瓣环运动速度的定量组织速度成像研究

目的探讨心力衰竭患儿左室非同步运动与二尖瓣环运动速度之间的关系。方法健康小儿40例,心力衰竭患儿30例,获取标准心尖四腔和两腔观。①在多普勒组织速度成像（DTI）状态下,测量左室后间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁收缩期和舒张早期频谱中的峰值速度（Vs、Ve）,计算四个壁Vs和Ve均值;②QTVI状态下,测量并计算左心室四个壁12节段同步性指标Ts、Te的最大差值Max－△Ts和Max－△Te。同时测量左心功能指标左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果心力衰竭组Max—△Ts和Max—△Te明显大于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;Vs、Ve的均值明显低于正常对照组,P〈0．01;直线相关分析显示MeanVs与Max—△Ts、MeanVe与Max－△Te、Max—△Ts与LVEF相关性好。结论心力衰竭患儿左室内心肌存在非同步运动现象,与二尖瓣环运动速度相关性好,可导致心功能下降。     

超声心动图在二尖瓣置换术后远期心功能不全病因诊断中的应用

 目的探索超声心动图在二尖瓣置换(MVR)术后远期心功能不全病因诊断中的作用。方法超声随访44例MVR患者术后3个月～13.5a,并根据手术的远期效果,分为心功能不全组(A组)和康复组(B组)。除注意人工瓣和自然瓣的病变外,还分析了这2组手术前后左房、左室内径及左室射血分数(EF)的差异。结果超声显示A组二尖瓣位单组或伴主动脉瓣位双组人工瓣异常5例,其它自然瓣明显病变11例。术后A组的左室内径明显大于B组(P＜0.05),EF值明显小于B组(P＜0.01)。超声心动图提供的信息为36.4％心功能不全代偿期和66.7％失代偿期患者诊断出了导致心功能障碍的主要原因。结论MVR手术前后超声检查对术后远期心功能不全的诊断具有实用价值。     

Auditory-perceptual analysis of voice in abused children and adolescents

IntroductionAbused children and adolescents are exposed to factors that can trigger vocal changes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the prevalence of vocal changes in abused children and adolescents, through auditory-perceptual analysis of voice and the study of the association between vocal changes, communication disorders, psychiatric disorders, and global functioning.MethodsThis was an observational and transversal study of 136 children and adolescents (mean age 10.2 years, 78 male) who were assessed by a multidisciplinary team specializing in abused populations. Speech evaluation was performed (involving the aspects of oral and written communication, as well as auditory-perceptual analysis of voice, through the GRBASI scale). Psychiatric diagnosis was performed in accordance with the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and by applying the K-SADS; global functioning was evaluated by means of the C-GAS scale.ResultsThe prevalence of vocal change was 67.6%; of the patients with vocal changes, 92.3% had other communication disorders. Voice changes were associated with a loss of seven points in global functioning, and there was no association between vocal changes and psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionThe prevalence of vocal change was greater than that observed in the general population, with significant associations with communication disorders and global functioning. The results demonstrate that the situations these children experience can intensify the triggering of abusive vocal behaviors and consequently, of vocal changes.     

Computed tomography reference dimensions for identification of stented surgical mitral bioprostheses valve size

BackgroundSelection of the transcatheter heart valve size for a mitral valve-in-valve procedure is based on the type and manufacturer’s labelled size. However, accurate information of surgical heart valve (SHV) size may not be available in the patient’s medical record. The purpose of this study is to establish reference data for computed tomography (CT) dimensions of commonly used mitral SHV in order to determine the manufacturer’s labelled size from a cardiac CT data set.MethodsCT datasets of 105 patients with surgical mitral bioprosthesis and available manufacturer labeled datasets were included in the analysis. CT derived valve dimensions were assessed by two observers using multiplanar reformats aligned with the basal sewing ring. A circular region of interest was used in a standardized fashion to minimize influence of image acquisition and reconstruction parameters. Interobserver variability was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis.ResultsThe CT-derived dimensions were stratified by valve size and type, and SHV properties were demonstrated for 5 common valve types. Variability of measurements was small and inter-observer limits of agreement were narrow. Stratified by SHV type, no overlap was noted for CT-derived dimensions among different SHV sizes . A reference table of CT characteristics of surgical mitral bioprosthesis types was created.ConclusionThe study provides reference CT data for determining the manufacturers’ labeled SHV size across a range of commonly used mitral SHVs. The findings will be important to help identify types of surgical mitral bioprosthesis utilizing CT characteristics for patients without SHV size documentation.