左旋硝基精氨酸诱导高血压大鼠心肌肥大

一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）抑制剂Ｎ－左旋硝基精氨酸（Ｎ－ＬＮＡ）诱导持续性高血压大鼠１２只，随机分成２组测右颈动脉压，ＮＯ代谢物亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ２）浓度，心肌组织胶原蛋白含量及丝裂活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性，观察左心室心肌病理变化，发现与高血压比较，自然归组大鼠动脉血完全逆转（Ｐ〈０．０１）；ＮＯ２水平及ＭＡＰＫ活性轻度逆转，但均未达到正常对照组水平（Ｐ〈０．０１），胶原蛋白含量，心脏及左心室相对重量     

一些硝基化合物的燐光特点

研究了13种硝基化合物及其还原产物的燐光性质?蠖嗍趸衔镉袩?但强度比相应还原产物(对-硝基苯胺除外)都低。硝基取代位置影响燐光强度,有对位>邻位>间位的关系。硝基化合物的燐光波长比相应还原产物的燐光波长长,即硝基化合物的最低三线态比还原产物低。硝基化合物与相应产物燐光位移能差绝对值有对位>邻位>间位,且成直线关系。大多数硝基化合物还原后燐光寿命延长。     

Evaluation of health risks caused by musk ketone

Among the nitro musks, musk ketone (MK) as a synthetic compound with a typical musk odor is widely used in cosmetics. In the European Community the total amount used in fragrances has been reported to be 110 tons/a. Additionally, relevant amounts of MK are used in Indian joss sticks. As a result of its inherently low biodegradability MK has been detected in the aquatic environment (surface water, sediments, edible fish). Moreover, it has been shown that MK concentrates in human fatty tissue and breast milk, indicating that humans are constantly exposed. Several studies provided convincing evidence of lack of a genotoxic potential for MK. However, MK was identified as a strong inducer of phase I enzymes in rodents and a cogenotoxicant in vitro in human derived cells in rather low doses, suggesting that exposure to MK might increase the susceptibility to health hazards caused by carcinogens in humans.     

L-精氨酸对乳猪深低温停循环脑代谢与结构的影响

目的　通过深低温停循环 ( DHCA)转流模型 ,研究左旋精氨酸 ( L- arg)在低温缺血时对脑代谢和结构的影响。　方法　采用上海种白猪 ,3～ 4周龄 ,随机均分成 4组 :L- arg组 ,左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯 ( L- NAME)组 ,L- arg L-NAME组和对照组 ,每组 10只。按临床方法行心肺转流术 ,于转流前、降温末、复温末和转流结束等分别测定颈内静脉一氧化氮 ( NO)、脑皮质三磷酸腺苷 ( ATP)和颈内静脉乳酸含量。并行脑组织学和超微结构观察。　结果　降温末 L-NAME组和对照组 NO含量较其它两组明显下降 ( P<0 .0 1)。复温末 ,除 L- NAME组外 ,其余 3组均恢复至转流前水平( P<0 .0 1) ,L- arg组 NO水平在复温末较转流前高 ( P<0 .0 1)。转流开始后大脑皮质 ATP即有明显下降 ,L- arg组下降幅度最小 ,且在复温末已接近转流前水平 ;L- NAME组下降幅度最大 ( P<0 .0 1)。转流开始后颈内静脉乳酸含量即升高 ,L- arg组和 L- arg L- NAME组上升幅度较小 ;降温末和转流结束乳酸含量较其它两组低 ( P<0 .0 1)。大脑皮质组织学和超微结构检查显示 ,大脑皮质细胞结构变化 L- arg组和 L- arg L- NAME组较对照组和L- NAME组轻。　结论　深低温停循环手术时 ,应用 L- arg具有较好的脑保护作用 ,而 L- NAME有脑损害作用。 L- arg可部分     

Effects of red mold dioscorea on oral carcinogenesis in DMBA-induced hamster animal model

Monascus-fermented products offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been extensively used for centuries in East Asia. Dioscorea has been proved to have anti-cancer effect. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor ability of the ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea (RMDE) on 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. We induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the buccal pouch of male Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 14 weeks. From 9 to 14 weeks, a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg RMDE per kg body weight were painting with the hamsters for 6 weeks on days alternate to the DMBA application. The results demonstrated that RMDE decreased nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) overexpression in hamster buccal pouches in the DMBA treatment group and increased p53, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to significantly stimulate caspase-8 and -3 activities, indicating that RMDE reduced oxidative damage causing by DMBA and induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells. Therefore, RMDE may have therapeutic potentials against OSCC.     

Arylnitro monocarbonyl curcumin analogues: Synthesis and in vitro antitubercular evaluation

Curcumin is a natural product that has been reported to exhibit myriad pharmacological properties, one of which is antitubercular activity. It demonstrates antitubercular activity by directly inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and also enhances immune responses that ultimately lead to the elimination of M.tb by macrophages. This natural product is, however, unstable, and several analogues, noticeably monocarbonyl analogues, have been synthesized to overcome this challenge. Curcumin and its monocarbonyl analogues reported so far exhibit moderate antitubercular activity in the range of 7 to 16 μM. Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of novel monocarbonyl curcumin analogues, their antitubercular activity, and the structure–activity relationship. The hit compound from this study, 3a , exhibits potent MIC₉₀ values in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 μM in both ADC and CAS media.     

间-二硝基苯精制的理论与实践

对芳环上硝基进行亲核置换的反应性作了理论分析,提出了在季铵盐相转移催化剂存在下,使用稀的氢氧化钠溶液精制间-二硝基苯的新方法。收率达97.25%。比亚硫酸钠法提高4%。两法的产品经气相色谱及红外光谱分析,证明质量相同。反应生成的邻硝基苯酚可以回收。废液色浅,COD_(Cr)值下降10倍。     

Histochemical evaluation of the coagulation depth after argon laser impact on a port-wine stain.

A two-step excisional treatment of a port-wine stain (PWS) on the back of a 43-yr-old female patient was performed. Immediately before the first surgical treatment, two corresponding series of argon laser impacts were performed, each on one PWS half. Different laser parameters with irradiances ranging from 95 to 382 W/cm2 and energy fluences ranging from 19 to 114,6 J/cm2 were used. Laser spots on the first part ot be excised were biopsied 10 min after laser treatment and prepared for histochemical analysis by staining with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC). Reduction of this redox dye by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH-diaphorase) leads on frozen tissue sections to an intense blue precipitate. The activity of NADH-diaphorase subsides immediately upon cell damage. All vital epidermal and dermal cells presented a dense blue granular pigment in their cytoplasm, sparing the nuclei. Laser induced arc-shaped epidermal and dermal necrosis did not stain, showing a clear demarcation from surrounding vital tissue. The depth of the thermal injury ranged from 0.28 to 0.45 mm; it did not correlate with the chosen fluences. With these penetration depths, the vast majority of PWS vessels was affected. Assessment of the remaining part of the PWS 8 months later yielded blanching of all laser-treated areas. With the NBTC method, an accurate definition of laser-induced tissue damage is feasible. It could be shown that the exposure time is the most relevant parameter influencing the penetration depth.     

Perceived stress,psychological well‐being and the activity of neutrophils in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

This study explored relationships, before and after surgery, between perceived stress and the activity of white‐blood cells (neutrophils) in 82 patients undergoing heart surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB). On the evening before surgery and at follow‐up, 6‐weeks after discharge, patients completed self‐administered standard psychological measures. Small peripheral blood samples were taken, from which neutrophil activity was quantified using nitro‐blue tetrazolium (NBT) and luminol‐dependant chemiluminescence (phagocytic capacity). There were consistent, statistically significant associations between stress and percentageNBT cells at baseline and at follow‐up. Regression analysis showed that perceived stress was a predictor of neutrophil activity at follow‐up suggesting that higher levels of stress are associated with higher levels of activity. Results from the phagocytic capacity data support and strengthen the NBT findings; in response to stimuli the phagocytic capacity of the neutrophils is reduced at baseline (high stress) and increased at follow‐up (lower stress). Significant decreases were found on perceived stress, anxiety, depression, negative affect and health‐related stress at follow‐up. Patients' self‐efficacy was high at baseline and remained high throughout the study. Results highlighted a consistent, significant relationship between perceived stress and the ‘activity’ of neutrophils. The implications of this finding are worthy of exploration given that stress‐activated neutrophils may adversely influence health outcomes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.