日粮烟酸水平对产蛋鸡生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响

26周龄Hisex Brown商品代产蛋鸡96只,设3个处理组,每组32只。各组在饲喂相同基础日粮条件下,分别添加烟酸0、20和60mg/kg,试验期8周。 日粮烟酸添加量由0提高到20mg/kg时,血浆胆固醇、β-脂蛋白、甘油三酯及游离脂肪酸含量分别降低40.9％、35.7％、18.2％和54.3％,肝脂、肌肉总脂及腹脂含量分别降低26.7％、33.4％和12.3％。日粮烟酸水平提高,可显著降低产蛋鸡的血浆雌二醇含量和肝脏苹果酸脱氢酶活性。日粮烟酸缺乏可引起产蛋鸡肝脏颜色变黄,易碎,肝细胞内充满大量脂滴,细胞器严重受损,数量减少,从而导致脂肪肝。当日粮色氨酸、烟酸含量分别为0.20％和23.8mg/kg时,产蛋鸡日粮烟酸添加量以20mg/kg为宜。     

Recent advances in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Current practice guidelines provide recommendations for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Following the publication of clinical trials in recent years, this review will highlight some controversial issues: the role of angiotensin and aldosterone antagonists after acute myocardial infarction; the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with stable coronary heart disease and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction; high-intensity lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; use of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in the elderly; and the targeting of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with niacin.     

Epidemiology,pathophysiology and therapeutic implications of lipoprotein(a) in kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is associated with a tremendously increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, however, show a diminished predictive power in these patients compared with the general population. This review provides an overview of lipoprotein(a), which is considered a nontraditional risk factor. The characteristic genetic and nongenetic changes of lipoprotein(a) in kidney disease are discussed and set into the context of risk prediction. In particular, genetically determined apolipoprotein(a) polymorphism is a powerful risk predictor for cardiovascular disease and total mortality in these patients. Finally, the limited interventional strategies available to lower lipoprotein(a) are considered.     

Selection of Wheel Chairs

As the period of senescence is reached (beginning at age 70), the human brain is smaller due to actual loss of cells. This decrease in size is accompanied by a relative increase in moisture content due in part to an increase in ventricular size and a relative decrease in total solids. Specifically these changes reflect a loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and lipid but an increase in sulfur and DNA. The change in the latter two substances, due to formation of “clinker substances” and pyknotic cells, suggests a decrease of functional brain tissue. The depression, if any, of oxygen uptake by brain tissue in older persons enjoying good health and mental acuity is surprisingly small, but definite changes occur in senile psychosis and organic dementia.     

Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of inositol hexanicotinate in rats

Abstract

1. Inositol hexanicotinate (IHN) is an ester of the anti-hyperlipidemic drug nicotinic acid (NA). This study assessed the hydrolysis rate of IHN in human and rat plasma, and pharmacokinetics of the drug using a rat animal model.

2. IHN (10 or 50?µg/mL) was incubated in plasma at 37?°C for 72?h. Kinetic parameters were determined based on the disappearance of IHN and the appearance of NA. The mean IHN disappearance and NA appearance half-lives were 1.07 and 3.93?h in human plasma, and 0.152 and 2.68?h in rat plasma. Increasing the initial plasma concentration to 50?µg/mL increased the NA appearance half-life in human and rat plasma to 4.66 and 6.47?h, respectively.

3. After single 50 or 100?mg/kg intravenous dose of IHN to Sprague-Dawley rats, the drug showed statistically significant dose-dependent alterations in systemic clearance, suggesting a non-linear saturable elimination of IHN. Dose-normalized mean plasma levels of NA increased by 30% with increasing IHN dose (p?<?0.02). The mean metabolic ratio (i.e. NA/IHN AUC ratio) significantly increased with increasing IHN dose (p?<?0.05).

4. The results provide first indication of saturable elimination and rapid disappearance of IHN, while niacin was slowly formed.     

维生素B12并烟酸缺乏症1例并文献复习

目的 探讨烟酸缺乏症的病因、发病机制、临床表现、实验室检查、脑电图特点、治疗及预后.方法 本科收治合并亚急性脊髓联合变性的烟酸缺乏症1例,对其临床资料进行分析.结果 烟酸缺乏症又称糙皮病,该病病因多种多样,夏秋季节多发,主要临床表现为“4D综合征”,即皮炎,腹泻,痴呆及死亡.早期及时给予补充烟酸等综合处理后,预后较好,长期烟酸缺乏造成能量代谢障碍,引起维生素B12吸收及转运障碍,可继发周围及中枢神经损害.结论 长期缺乏烟酸可以发生多系统的损害,早期治疗可改善预后.     

Combined use of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin: safety and effects on lipid modification

Background Cholesterol-lowering therapy with statins has been reported to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin on lipid profile modification and the risks of adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Consecutive 108 patients with coronary artery disease and serum total cholesterol （TC） 〉 3.5 mmol/L were randomized into two groups： group A using atorvastatin and group B using extended-release niacin （niacin ER） and atorvastatin. Plasma lipid profile, glucose, and adverse events were assessed at the hospitalization, and 6 and 12 months after treatment. In addition, clinical cardiovascular events were evaluated after 12 months of treatment. Results The levels of TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were significantly decreased （P 〈0.05） in groups A and B, but the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and ApoA increased by 29.36% and 40.81% respectively after 12 months of treatment in group B （P 〈0.01）. The medications were generally well tolerated in the two groups. No significant difference of adverse events was found between the two groups （group A： 3.2% vs group B 5.1%, P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Combined use of extended-release niacin with atorvastatin was superior to atorvastatin monotherapy alone in lipid profile regulation. Combination therapy with niacin ER and atorvastatin was well tolerated and safe in patients with coronary artery disease.     

高效液相色谱法测定肌醇烟酸脂及其制剂的有关物质

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定肌醇烟酸脂的有关物质。方法色谱柱为Diamonsil-C18,流动相为水-甲醇-四氢呋喃(45:45:10),检测波长262nm,流速1.0mL/min,进样量10μL。采用自身对照法。结果最大杂质峰不超过对照溶液主峰,其杂质峰面积之和不超过对照溶液主峰。结论本方法能灵敏、准确、可靠的进行杂质检测,对肌醇烟酸脂有关物质的控制有一定意义。     

B complex vitamins activate rat guanylate cyclase and increase cyclic GMP levels

Since B complex vitamins and the intracellular messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) have similar effects of promoting growth, DNA and protein synthesis, the present investigation was designed to determine if the B complex vitamins' mechanism of action might involve cyclic GMP. All of the B complex vitamins increased rat cyclic GMP tissue levels. The cause of these increased cyclic GMP levels was activation of the enzyme guanylate cyclase [E.C.4.6.1.2.] which was increased significantly (P less than 0.001) in a variety of tissues at the l nmol l-1 concentration of these vitamins. The maximal activation of this enzyme required the presence of manganese ion. The present investigation suggests that the guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP system may play a role in the mechanism of action of B complex vitamins at the cellular level.