Neuroendocrine cells in the dental pulp in health and disease

Neuroendocrine cells were identified in human dental pulp by immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies. A population of neuroendocrine cells positively reacting to neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and stained with paraldehyde-fuchsin, was detected in the subodontoblastic layer of the pulp. Changes in their count, morphology, and function in caries and pulpitis concomitant with periodontitis were proven. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 9, pp. 320–323, September, 2007     

尼莫地平加依达拉奉治疗高血压脑出血的临床分析

目的初步探讨尼莫地平加依达拉奉在急性脑出血治疗中的临床疗效。方法50例急性脑出血患者随机分为常规治疗组（对照组）和尼莫地平加依达拉奉治疗方案的药物组进行治疗,并于入院后第7、14、21d分别进行血肿体积、水肿容积测量和临床神经功能缺损程度评分（NDS）,以及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）和神经元特异性烯醇酶（NSE）比较。结果入院后第14、21d药物组血肿体积、水肿容积、TNF—α和NSE浓度明显低于常规治疗组（均P〈0．05）;入院后第21d药物组NDS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。随着病程的延长2组TNF-α和NSE在血浆中含量逐渐下降,与脑水肿的严重程度密切相关。结论尼莫地平加依达拉奉治疗方案是一种治疗急性脑出血有效、安全的方法;血浆中TNF-α和NSE浓度测定可能作为脑出血疗效评估的客观指标。     

无抽搐电休克治疗对精神分裂症患者脑电图和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶、髓鞘碱性蛋白的影响

目的:评价无抽搐电休克治疗(MECT)对精神分裂症患者脑电图和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)的影响。方法:32例精神分裂症急性发作的患者给予MECT,共6次,同时分别于治疗前后测定脑电图和血清NSE、MBP的浓度。结果:MECT前后血清NSE和MBP的浓度无显著变化(P>0.05)。治疗后脑电图异常发生率为28.13%明显高于治疗前6.67%(χ2=3.952,P=0.047);治疗前后脑电图比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)。结论:MECT对精神分裂症患者神经系统可能无明显影响。     

硫辛酸对慢性酒精性周围神经病内皮素-1、神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平及临床症状的影响

目的 观察硫辛酸对慢性酒精性周围神经病(CAPN)患者的内皮素-1(ET-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平及临床症状的影响。方法 将38例CAPN患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别给予硫辛酸及甲钴胺静脉滴注,连用14 d,比较2组治疗前后ET-1及NSE水平变化,并以神经系统症状评分评价其疗效。结果 治疗前2组患者TCSS评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗14 d后2组均降低(P<0.05),治疗组降低更明显(P<0.05); 治疗前2组患者ET-1及NSE水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗14 d后2组ET-1及NSE水平均降低(P<0.05),治疗组降低更明显(P<0.05)。结论 硫辛酸可降低CAPN患者ET-1及NSE水平,改善神经功能,减轻临床症状。     

精神分裂症患者脑脊液中神经元特异性烯醇化酶和髓鞘碱性蛋白的研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者是否有脑损伤。方法 对33例精神分裂症患者和9例对照组手术病人的脑脊液（CSF）中神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）采用双抗体夹心酶联法测定。结果 病例组的NSE的含量与对照组比较有显著性差异（P<0.01）。病例组脑脊液中NSE和MBP的含量呈正相关。结论　提示精神分裂症患者有脑损伤。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清中IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1动态变化的临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患者血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）的变化及其对临床的实用价值。方法 HIE患儿60例,分别在急性期、恢复期采血,用ELISA测定IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1的含量,20例同期出生的健康新生儿作为正常对照组。结果 HIE组急性期血清IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1水平显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,中、重度HIE组血清IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1水平与轻度组、对照组比较,差异都有显著意义;恢复期HIE轻度组血清IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1水平已基本降至正常对照组水平,中、重度组IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1水平也下降,但仍高于正常对照组和轻度组（P〈0.01）。结论 IL-1β,NSE和sICAM-1可能参与了HIE的发生发展过程,且其水平与HIE的病情程度密切相关。     

New striatal neurons form projections to substantia nigra in adult rat brain after stroke

Previous studies have demonstrated that newborn striatal neurons can functionally integrate with local neural networks in adult rat brain after injury. In the present study, we determined whether these newly generated striatal neurons can develop projections to the substantia nigra, a target of striatal projection neurons. We used 5′-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and a retroviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) combined with multiple immunostaining labels of newborn striatal neurons, and nigral microinjection of fluorogold (FG) to trace the striatonigral projection in adult rat brain at different weeks following a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that FG positive (FG⁺) cells could be detected in newly generated neurons (BrdU⁺-NeuN⁺ and GFP⁺-NeuN⁺) in ipsilateral striatum clearly at 12, but not 2 weeks after MCAO. The data suggest that ischemia-induced newborn striatal projection neurons could form long axons that targeted the substantia nigra (striatonigral projection pathway) and that have intact axonal transport from the nerve terminal to cell body. These new striatal neurons express glutamate NR2 and dopamine D2L receptors, which form the molecular basis for responding to the inputs from cortical glutamatergic and nigral dopaminergic projection neurons. Our data provide the first morphological evidence that newborn neurons in the striatum, a non-neurogenic region, can establish new striatonigral neural circuits, important pathways for the maintenance of motor function. These results help us to understand endogenous cellular mechanisms of brain repair, and suggest that increasing adult neurogenesis could be a practical strategy for enhancing the efficacy of rehabilitative therapy in stroke patients.