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71.
One component of the new national kidney allocation system (KAS) in the United States that was implemented on December 4, 2014, was the allocation of kidneys from A2 and A2B (A, non‐A1 and AB, non‐A1B) deceased donors into blood group B candidates (A2/A2B → B). In so far as this is an important component of the new KAS that has the potential to further increase the access to transplantation for blood group B candidates on the waiting list, most of whom are minority candidates, we will review the body of evidence and historical perspectives that led to its inclusion in the new KAS. This review will also describe prospects for more widespread use of A2/A2B → B transplantation and a novel mechanism of humoral immunosuppression in B patients before and after transplantation with an A2 or A2B kidney. 相似文献
72.
Exogenous Lipocalin 2 Ameliorates Acute Rejection in a Mouse Model of Renal Transplantation 下载免费PDF全文
M. I. Ashraf H. G. Schwelberger K. A. Brendel J. Feurle J. Andrassy K. Kotsch H. Regele J. Pratschke F. Aigner 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(3):808-820
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J. Olsburgh R. H. Zakri C. Horsfield R. Collins J. Fairweather P. O'Donnell G. Koffman 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(2):704-711
We present four cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the transplant ureter (TCCtu). In three cases, localized tumor resection and a variety of reconstructive techniques were possible. Transplant nephrectomy with cystectomy was performed as a secondary treatment in one locally excised case. Transplant nephroureterectomy was performed as primary treatment in one case. The role of oncogenic viruses and genetic fingerprinting to determine the origin of TCCtu are described. Our cases and a systematic literature review illustrate the surgical, nephrological, and oncological challenges of this uncommon but important condition. 相似文献
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P. F. Halloran M. Merino Lopez A. Barreto Pereira 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(3):908-920
The key lesions in antibody‐mediated kidney transplant rejection (ABMR) are microcirculation inflammation (peritubular capillaritis and/or glomerulitis lesions, abbreviated “pg”) and glomerular double contours (cg lesions). We used these features to explore subphenotypes in 164 indication biopsies with ABMR‐related diagnoses: 137 ABMR (109 pure and 28 mixed with T cell–mediated rejection [TCMR]) and 27 transplant glomerulopathy (TG), identified from prospective multicenter studies. The lesions indicated three ABMR subphenotypes: pgABMR, cgABMR, and pgcgABMR. Principal component analysis confirmed these subphenotypes and showed that TG can be reclassified as pgcgABMR (n = 17) or cgABMR (n = 10). ABMR‐related biopsies included 45 pgABMR, 90 pgcgABMR, and 25 cgABMR, with four unclassifiable. Dominating all time intervals was the subphenotype pgcgABMR. The pgABMR subphenotype presented earliest (median <2 years), frequently mixed with TCMR, and was most associated with nonadherence. The cgABMR subphenotype presented late (median 9 years). Subphenotypes differed in their molecular changes, with pgABMR having the most histologic–molecular discrepancies (i.e. potential errors). Donor‐specific antibody (DSA) was not identified in 29% of pgcgABMR and 46% of cgABMR, but failure rates and molecular findings were similar to cases where DSA was known to be positive. Thus, ABMR presents distinct subphenotypes, early pg‐dominant, late cg‐dominant, and combined pgcg phenotype, differing in time, molecular features, accompanying TCMR, HLA antibody, and probability of nonadherence. 相似文献
76.
N. Huang M. C. Foster K. L. Lentine A. X. Garg E. D. Poggio B. L. Kasiske A. S. Levey 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(1):171-180
All living kidney donor candidates undergo evaluation of GFR. Guidelines recommend measured GFR (mGFR), using either an endogenous filtration marker or creatinine clearance, rather than estimated GFR (eGFR), but measurement methods are difficult, time consuming and costly. We investigated whether GFR estimated from serum creatinine (eGFRcr) with or without sequential cystatin C is sufficiently accurate to identify donor candidates with high probability that mGFR is above or below thresholds for clinical decision making. We combined the pretest probability for mGFR thresholds <60, <70, ≥80, and ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 based on demographic characteristics (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) with test performance of eGFR (categorical likelihood ratios from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) to compute posttest probabilities. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, 53% of recent living donors had predonation eGFRcr high enough to ensure ≥95% probability that predonation mGFR was ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2, suggesting that mGFR may not be necessary in a large proportion of donor candidates. We developed a Web‐based application to compute the probability, based on eGFR, that mGFR for a donor candidate is above or below a range of thresholds useful in living donor evaluation and selection. 相似文献
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A. D. Muzaale J. M. Konel K. A. Bramstedt A. B. Massie D. L. Segev A. M. Cameron 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(12):3548-3553
The incidence of live donor transplantation has declined over the past decade, and waitlisted candidates report substantial barriers to identifying a live donor. Since asking someone to donate feels awkward and unfamiliar, candidates are hesitant to ask directly and may be more comfortable with a passive approach. In collaboration with Facebook leadership (Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA), we developed a mobile application—an app—that enables waitlisted candidates to create a Facebook post about their experience with organ failure and their need for a live donor. We conducted a single‐center prospective cohort study of 54 adult kidney‐only and liver‐only waitlisted candidates using the Facebook app. Cox proportional hazards models were used to describe donor referral on behalf of candidates using the app compared with matched controls. The majority of candidates who used the app reported it to be “good” or “excellent” with regard to the installation process (82.9%), readability (88.6%), simplicity (70.6%), clarity (87.5%) and the information provided (85.3%). Compared with controls, candidates using the Facebook app were 2.436.6117.98 times more likely to have a donor come forward on their behalf (p < 0.001). The Facebook app is an easy‐to‐use instrument that enables waitlisted candidates to passively communicate with their social network about their need for a live donor. 相似文献
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E. A. Cohen D. Mulligan S. Kulkarni E. M. Tichy 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(9):2753-2757
Benefits of belatacept‐based immunosuppressive regimens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive renal transplant recipients include avoidance of drug interactions between calcineurin inhibitors and highly active antiretroviral agents and decreased likelihood or severity of nonimmune toxicities such as new‐onset diabetes after transplant, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. We report a successful case of de novo belatacept at >18 mo from transplant in an HIV‐positive black man aged 50 years who received his first transplant from a living related kidney donor. To our knowledge, this case is the first reported of belatacept use in an HIV‐positive renal transplant recipient. 相似文献