Electrocardiographic Changes in Spontaneous Left Pneumothorax

ABSTRACT. Keller N, Szaff M, Sykulski R (Department of Internal Medicine, Sundby Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Electrocardiographic changes in spontaneous left pneumothorax. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:499–501. A 25-year-old man was admitted with severe chest pain and an electrocardiogram suggestive of anterior myocardial infarction. Echocardiogram was normal, but chest X-ray showed left-sided pneumothorax. The electrocardiogram showed increasing R-wave amplitude in the days after correction of pneumothorax. Taken in the supine position the electrocardiogram can be misleading in case of pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema, but the electrocardiogram should be normal if taken in the erect position.     

大豆总皂甙对培养心肌细胞自发性搏动与动作电位的影响

培养Wistar大鼠乳鼠的心室肌细胞,向培养基中分别加入浓度为1.56μg/ml至50μg/ml的大豆皂甙,可使心肌细胞群落的自发性搏动呈剂量依赖性抑制。洗脱大豆皂甙或向培养基中再加入10μg/ml肾上腺素均能使自发性搏动恢复。向培养基中加入大豆皂甙5μg/ml使心肌细胞动作电位的波幅、波宽、超射、最大舒张电位、阈电位、最大除极速度等各电参数立即减小。Ca~(2+)80μg/ml能使动作电位的抑制逆转。上述结果表明大豆皂甙对培养的鼠心肌细胞具有钙通道阻滞用。     

PLASMA PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 ACTIVITY IN CLINICAL ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

1. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) cleaves phospholipids to produce a lyso-phospholipid and free fatty acid and, in view of the biological activity of the products, PLA2 may play a role in many disease states. Lyso-phospholipids and free arachidonic acid increase in ischaemic myocardium, indicating that ischaemia activates the enzyme. 2. Plasma PLA2 activity was measured in patients with acute myocardial infarction, based on the release of labelled arachidonic acid from Escherichia coli cell membrane. Fourteen males (peak serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) above twice upper normal) were studied on day 1 (within 6 h of chest pain onset), days 2-4, and days 6-9. Normal age matched males (n = 13) were also studied. 3. Plasma PLA2 in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction (n = 12) was, initially, 1.14 +/- 0.10 (s.e.m.) nmol/min per mL plasma, similar to that in the normal group (1.52 +/- 0.14). On days 2-4, PLA2 activity increased to 1.94 +/- 0.18 (P less than 0.001) and this activity was correlated with the earlier peak CK level (P less than 0.02). On days 6-9, PLA2 activity was 1.49 +/- 0.13 while in two patients who developed complications and underwent open-heart surgery between the last two measurements, there were further increases to 4.22 and 4.04 nmol/min per mL. 4. The increase in plasma PLA2 in uncomplicated myocardial infarction is likely to be due to release from the damaged myocardium; whether it contributes to pathophysiology is uncertain.     

Prognostic value of supine scintigraphic heart function and simultaneous conventional exercise response in patients after myocardial infarction

A total of 240 survivors of one or more myocardial infarctions were consecutively admitted to perform supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Within 3 years after the test, 22 died; this group was compared to an age-matched control group of 22 survivors for left and right ventricular function during rest, exercise, and simultaneously assessed exercise performance as well as ECG variables. Evaluation of 3-year survival by linear discriminant analysis revealed an accuracy of 82% for discriminant models using ECG and exercise performance variables. Implementation of resting left ventricular ejection fraction and change of right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, as well as scintigraphic presence or absence of dyskinesia, improved the accuracy of the model to 91% of correctly classified patients.     

急性心肌梗塞静脉溶栓治疗冠脉再通者早期ST段再抬高的临床意义

急性心肌梗塞早期静脉溶栓治疗后，一些溶栓再通患者中，可见早期降低的ＳＴ段再度出现抬高现象。本文回顾溶栓成功者８１例，其中早期出现ＳＴ段再度抬高者２１例（占３５％），与ＳＴ段非再度抬高者相比，ＣＰＫ、ＣＰＫ－ＭＢ峰值，心功能及院内死亡率等无显著差异。笔者认为，此现象也为再通的标志之一。因此，急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗的早期连续监测心电图对确认再通与否非常重要     

直接冠状动脉内支架安置术和r-SK静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的对比研究

①目的　比较急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病人直接冠状动脉内支架安置和重组链激酶 (r SK)静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效。②方法　对初次发病 1 2h以内的 1 0 5例AMI病人 ,随机给予直接冠状动脉内支架安置 (支架组 ,6 0例 )和静脉r SK溶栓 (溶栓组 ,5 5例 )治疗。观察两组梗死相关血管再通成功率、心肌梗死溶栓试验 (TIMI)Ⅲ级血流发生率、平均住院天数、住院病死率 ,出院前二维超声心动图测定并推算左心室射血分数 (LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数 (RWMI) ,出院后 6个月病死率、LVEF和RWMI。③结果　支架组与溶栓组相比较 ,梗死相关血管再通率显著提高、TIMIⅢ级血流发生率显著增加、平均住院天数显著缩短、住院病死率显著降低 (χ2 =5 .4 2 4～2 8.931 ,t=7.90 1 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 ) ;出院前LVEF和RWMI ,两组间存在显著差异 (t =3.2 91、2 .1 2 7,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 ) ;出院后 6个月病死率、LVEF和RWMI ,两组比较无显著差异。出院后 6个月LVEF、RWMI与出院前比较 ,支架组与溶栓组均有显著改善 (t=2 .1 92～ 4 .6 1 1 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 )。④结论　与静脉r SK溶栓治疗相比 ,直接冠状动脉内支架安置术治疗AMI,可更有效地再通梗死相关血管、降低住院病死率、更有效地保护病人心脏功能     

急性心肌梗塞冠状动脉内溶栓26例临床分析

本文对２６例急性心肌梗塞患者，经冠状动脉造影后确定部位及患支，以先轻后重的原则，单纯使用日本国产尿激酶１２～４８单位，进行冠状动脉内注射溶栓，其中２１例再灌注达到ＴⅠＭⅠ的Ⅱ或Ⅲ级标准。再通率达８０．８％，胸痛等症状消失，心电图多数回到等电位，心肌酶谱无明显高峰前移。再灌注性心律失常率为８５．７％（１８／２１）一般毋需处理，数分钟后可自行缓解，如持续存在，可静滴利多卡因、溴苄胺、胺碘酮等药物，没有直接观察到再灌注而加重心肌损伤所致的临床效应所引起新的细胞损害。冠状动脉内溶栓其方法较简便、安全性高、用药量小，发病时间越短，其疗效越高，能快速溶解血栓，加速血管再灌注，迅速改善局部心肌缺血状态，减少和避免冠状动脉内早期血栓的再闭塞，未发现药物的毒副作用及其它方面的合并症。     

潘南金在急性心肌梗死治疗中的作用

目的探讨潘南金在急性心肌梗死(AMI)治疗中改善恶性心律失常及心功能的作用。方法将患者随机分为潘南金组及对照组各40例,在AMI常规治疗基础上,潘南金组予潘南金注射液40mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液500mL中静脉点滴,1次/d;同时加服片剂2片/次,3次/d。对照组则予极化液静点,1次/d。2组均在CCU监护1周后转入普通病房,共治疗3～4周。结果恶性心律失常发生率潘南金组为25%,对照组为65%,2组比较P<0.01。出院时心功能NYHA分级改善2级以上者,潘南金组为58%,对照组为45%,2组比较P<0.05。结论对AMI患者尽早应用潘南金治疗,可明显降低恶性心律失常发生率和改善心功能,且不良反应少,可列为常规用药。