Safety of vaginal delivery in very low birthweight vertex singletons: a meta-analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the safety of vaginal delivery in VLBW singletons in the vertex presentation.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies on mode of delivery and neonatal outcome in VLBW singletons in the vertex presentation. A total of 28 studies met our inclusion criteria.

Results: Vaginal delivery was not associated with an increase in overall neonatal mortality compared with cesarean delivery (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72–1.04). Vaginal delivery was associated with a significant decrease in mortality for the 1250–1500?g birthweight category (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.92), while an increase in mortality in the 500–750?g category was not significant (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.86–2.61). Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was not associated with mode of delivery (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85–1.29), but the only two high quality study that assessed IVH of all grades found an increase in risk for IVH in vaginal delivery (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.51).

Conclusions: Vaginal delivery does not appear to increase the risk for neonatal mortality. However, current available data on neonatal morbidity are limited. More high-quality studies are needed to assess the association between mode of delivery and neonatal morbidity.     

Perinatal trauma with and without loss experiences

Objective: The present study explored differences in mental health between women who experienced a trauma which involved a loss of fetal or infant life compared to women whose trauma did not involve a loss (difficult childbirth). Method: The sample consisted of 144 women (mean age = 31.13) from the UK, USA/Canada, Europe, Australia/New Zealand, who had experienced either stillbirth, neonatal loss, ectopic pregnancy, or traumatic birth with a living infant in the last 4 years. Results: The trauma without loss group reported significantly higher mental health problems than the trauma with loss group (F (1,117) = 4.807, p = .03). This difference was observed in the subtypes of OCD, panic, PTSD and GAD but not for major depression, agoraphobia and social phobia. However, once previous mental health diagnoses were taken into account, differences between trauma groups in terms of mental health scores disappeared, with the exception of PTSD symptoms. Trauma groups also differed in terms of perceived emotional support from significant others. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the need for a change in the focus of support for women’s birth experiences and highlighted previous mental health problems as a risk factor for mental health problems during the perinatal period.     

Prediction of perinatal outcome in preeclampsia using middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indices

Objective: In preeclampsia, changes in fetal hemodynamics can be detected 2–3 weeks earlier than any changes in cardiotocogram. Thus, these Doppler changes can be used to predict perinatal outcome. The present study is planned to assess the accuracy of the middle cerebral artery to umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Methods: Total of 115 and 108 pregnant women were included in preeclampsia and control group, respectively. Weekly Doppler study was done in both groups starting from 30 weeks till 36 weeks or delivery, whichever is later. Results: Mean gestational age at delivery was 250 ± 13 and 273 ± 8 days, respectively, in preeclampsia and control group (p < 0.01). Thirty-four babies in preeclampsia group had been admitted to nursery; out of which three died (p < 0.01). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, MCA /UmA PI ratio and MCA /UmA RI ratio had sensitivity of 9% and 9.7% and specificity of 98% and 96.6%, respectively, for predicting adverse perinatal outcome. Conclusion: Doppler indices of MCA and Um A are significantly abnormal in preeclampsia. But on diagnostic statistical analysis they have good specificity but low sensitivity for detecting adverse perinatal outcome.     

Borderline amniotic fluid index and perinatal outcomes in the uncomplicated term pregnancy

Objective: To determine perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated term pregnancies with a borderline amniotic fluid index (AFI).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term (>37 weeks). Borderline and normal AFI were defined as 5.1?≤?AFI?≤?8.0?cm and 8.1?≤?AFI?≤?24?cm, respectively. Adverse perinatal outcomes, cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate testing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, a 5-min Apgar score of <7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and whether the neonate was small for gestational age were compared between the borderline and normal AFI groups.

Results: Borderline AFI was not significantly associated with cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate testing (p?=?0.513), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (p?=?0.641), admission to the NICU (p?=?0.368), or a 5-min Apgar score of <7 (p?=?1.00). However, the number of neonates who were small for gestational age (p?=?0.021) and rates of induction of labor (p?<?0.001) were significantly higher in the borderline group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that borderline AFI was not associated with cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate testing (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–1.91, p?=?0.52).

Conclusion: In uncomplicated term pregnancies, a borderline AFI does not increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.     

1237例胚胎移植术后母儿的围产结局分析

目的 回顾性分析西南医院生殖医学中心1 237例胚胎移植术后母儿的围产结局.方法 收集整理2011年1月至2014年7月在我中心行体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection,IVF/ICSI)助孕技术成功妊娠的孕妇1 237例(助孕组),其中鲜胚移植周期711例,冻融胚胎移植周期(frozen thawed embryo transfer,FET)526例,以同期我院收治的自然妊娠孕妇(5040例)作为对照,分组比较母亲围产期情况及新生儿出生结局.结果 助孕组年龄为(30.4±4.2)岁,明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);助孕组多胎率及剖宫产率较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05);助孕组孕周及新生儿平均体质量较对照组明显偏小(P＜0.05);助孕组妊娠期高血压(pregnancy-induced hypertension,PIH)、前置胎盘、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)、产后出血、母亲入ICU、新生儿住院、低体质量儿、早产以及新生儿入ICU(neonatal ICU,NICU)发生率较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05),而胎盘早剥、胎膜早破(premature rupture of fetal membranes,PROM)、先兆子痫、死胎、新生儿死亡及新生儿畸形的发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义.在助孕组内,鲜胚组孕周及新生儿体质量较FET组小(P＜0.05),鲜胚组ICP、PROM和产后出血的发生率较FET低,低体质量儿出生率较FET高(P＜0.05),而PIH、前置胎盘、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥、母亲入ICU、死胎、新生儿死亡、新生儿住院、新生儿畸形、NICU以及早产的发生率两组间比较差异无统计学意义.结论辅助生殖助孕者的PIH、前置胎盘、ICP、产后出血、母亲入ICU、新生儿住院、低体质量儿、早产以及NICU的发生率较自然妊娠孕妇高.     

36例新生儿环状胰腺的诊治分析

目的 总结小儿环状胰腺的产前诊断、围产期管理、早期手术的系统化诊疗.方法 选取2007年9月至2015年3月我院收治的36例产前诊断为环状胰腺患儿的病例资料,对其产前诊断、围产期管理、影像学检查、手术治疗及预后等资料进行回顾性分析.结果 同期收治产前超声诊断为十二指肠梗阻的52例患儿中,36例手术证实为环状胰腺.产前超声检查显示“双泡征”30例,“羊水过多”24例.其中30例分娩后当日即转运至我院,行十二指肠一十二指肠菱形吻合术治疗,均痊愈出院.结论 产前诊断、生后按计划转诊、早期手术治疗逐渐成为环状胰腺的主流管理模式.新生儿腔镜技术的发展应用进一步提高了本病疗效.     

Promotion of child development and health from the perinatal period: an approach from positive parenting

ABSTRACT

This article makes a review and reflection on parenting practices and child development in the perinatal period; the theoretical foundations and recent data in the field are exposed. Spanish and international research in this emerging area indicates that pregnancy, postpartum and early parenting are opportunities and unique spaces to develop competencies to create family contexts that promote healthy development. An exhaustive positive parenting proposal of early promotion of child development in the perinatal period is presented. This includes the promotion of: prenatal bond, couple's relationship, social support networks, the physical and mental health of the mother alongside with the support to make informed decisions about parenting and the development of parental knowledge of the intergenerational transmission of parenting patterns and of early childhood development. It is expected, that the proposal could be a tool in the future design of public intervention programmes with families.     

2008-2012年围生儿死亡原因分析

目的：通过探讨2008-2012年该院围生儿死亡数、病死率及围生儿死亡的主要原因,提高围产保健工作质量,进一步降低围生儿死亡率。方法回顾性分析2008-2012年89例围生儿死亡资料,了解其特征。结果围生儿病死率7．79‰。本市户籍仅占全部围生儿死亡的7．87％,非本市户籍为92．13％,死胎比例最高,占总死亡数的52．81％,其次分别为新生儿死亡和死产。出生畸形居死亡因素中的首位,其次为脐带原因、早产、新生儿窒息、妊娠合并症及并发症等。结论提高非本市户口孕妇孕期保健意识,加强孕期筛查及监护,提高新生儿抢救能力,有助于降低围生儿病死率。