椎间盘镜下 B-Twin椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳

 目的 探讨椎间盘镜下减压、B-Twin融合器植骨融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳的临床疗效。方法 2006年 3月至 2010年 5月, 收治腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳患者 87例, 男 49例, 女 38例;年龄 37~65岁, 平均 47援6岁。均为单节段病变, L3, 43例、L4, 543例、L5S1 41例。采用单枚 B-Twin椎间融合 51例(单枚组), 双枚融合 36例(双枚组)。采用 Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评估患者术后疗效, 并比较两组患者手术时间、出血量、融合时间和椎间隙高度的变化。结果均获得 12~46个月的随访, 平均 35.8个月。术后腰腿痛症状均明显缓解或消失。 ODI术前平均为 78%±3%, 末次随访平均为 18%±3%;VAS评分术前平均为(8.70±1.3)分, 末次随访平均为(0.65±0.48)分;椎间隙高度术前平均为(8.76±1.3) mm, 术后 1个月平均为(12.8±1.5)mm, 术后 12个月平均为(11.8±0.6) mm。单枚组与双枚组 ODI、VAS和椎间隙高度的差异均无统计学意义, 但在手术时间、术中出血量方面的差异均有统计学意义, 单枚组少于双枚组。均获融合或可能融合, 融合时间 3.9~8援6个月, 平均为 5援6个月。结论椎间盘镜下减压、B-Twin融合器植骨融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳的疗效满意, 单枚与双枚融合疗效相近, 单枚融合具有手术时间短、出血量少、医疗费用低的优点。     

Nuss手术矫治漏斗胸412例

目的 探讨非胸腔镜辅助下Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸的手术方法并总结治疗经验.方法 2005年10月到2011年6月非胸腔镜辅助下Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸412例,其中男329例,女83例.年龄2岁8个月～28岁5个月,平均7岁8个月.其中102例行内固定取出手术.结果 患儿均顺利完成手术,无术中严重并发症发生.手术平均40 min,出血(10±2) ml.结论 非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术安全可行,并且不用进入胸腔操作,手术创伤更小,耗时更短,微创效果更好.     

斜卧位微创经皮肾镜治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨斜卧位微创经皮肾镜碎石术（minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL）治疗上尿路结石的可行性。方法 2009年8月-2010年10月,采用斜卧45°体位行MPCNL治疗上尿路结石57例,包括肾结石49例,输尿管上段结石8例。结果 57例均Ⅰ期建立经皮肾通道成功,无穿刺失败或中转开放手术。平均手术时间85 min（45-120min）。一期结石清除率100%（57/57）。肾造瘘管留置时间1-3 d,平均住院时间6 d（4-7 d）。未出现严重并发症。结论斜卧位施行MPCNL手术治疗上尿路结石具有安全、高效、微创的特点,患者体位舒适,便于术中麻醉监测,术中碎石易排出,值得临床推广应用。     

A case of large bladder hemangioma successfully treated with endoscopic yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation

Bladder hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. While partial cystectomy remains an effective treatment option for large bladder hemangioma, the combined method of neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet and holmium:yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation is an effective and less invasive treatment option. We report a case of large bladder hemangioma in an otherwise healthy 4-year-old boy, successfully treated with serial endoscopic yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation. There was no recurrence, and normal bladder function was preserved. Serial yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation is thus a useful, less invasive method for cases of large tumors.     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的内镜辅助手术

手术是治疗原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的重要途径。近年来,随着术前、术中定位技术的发展,传统的颈部双侧甲状旁腺探查手术所占的比例正在逐年减少,微创手术已经成为趋势,借助内镜完成甲状旁腺手术就是其中的主要方法,包括完全内镜下甲状旁腺手术和内镜辅助甲状旁腺手术。本文拟就原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的内镜辅助甲状旁腺手术进行综述。     

Anatomy of the psoas muscle and lumbar plexus with respect to the surgical approach for lateral transpsoas interbody fusion

Lateral transpsoas interbody fusion (LTIF) is a minimally invasive technique that permits interbody fusion utilizing cages placed via a direct lateral retroperitoneal approach. We sought to describe the locations of relevant neurovascular structures based on MRI with respect to this novel surgical approach. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive lumbosacral spine MRI scans in 43 skeletally mature adults. MRI scans were independently reviewed by two readers to identify the location of the psoas muscle, lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, inferior vena cava and right iliac vein. Structures potentially at risk for injury were identified by: a distance from the anterior aspect of the adjacent vertebral bodies of <20 mm, representing the minimum retraction necessary for cage placement, and extension of vascular structures posterior to the anterior vertebral body, requiring anterior retraction. The percentage of patients with neurovascular structures at risk for left-sided approaches was 2.3% at L1–2, 7.0% at L2–3, 4.7% at L3–4 and 20.9% at L4–5. For right-sided approaches, this rose to 7.0% at L1–2, 7.0% at L2–3, 9.3% at L3–4 and 44.2% at L4–5, largely because of the relatively posterior right-sided vasculature. A relationship between the position of psoas muscle and lumbar plexus is described which allows use of the psoas position as a proxy for lumbar plexus position to identify patients who may be at risk, particularly at the L4–5 level. Further study will establish the clinical relevance of these measurements and the ability of neurovascular structures to be retracted without significant injury.     

锁定钢板小切口治疗胫骨干部及穹窿部骨折

目的探讨锁定钢板小切口治疗胫骨干部及穹窿部骨折的疗效。方法对31例胫骨干部及穹窿部骨折患者采用锁钉钢板小切口治疗。结果手术时间60～120（90±30）min。术后X线片显示骨折均达到解剖复位或接近解剖复位。31例均获得随访,时间5～24个月。根据Olerud-Molander评分系统评定：95～100（97.25±2.75）分,优24例,良5例,中1例,差1例,优良率达到93.55%。结论锁定钢板经皮小切口治疗胫骨骨折,固定方法简单,钢板把持力可靠,可早期恢复关节活动,临床效果好。     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗独立肾结石

目的：探讨微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾结石的临床疗效与手术技巧。方法：利用微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾结石18例,14例患者行一期微创经皮肾取石．4例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术,5～7天后行二期取石术。结果：结石清除15例（83．3％）。在结石残留的3例患者中,1例残留结石下移至输尿管下段,用输尿管镜将结行取出;余2例结石残留。肾内,未作进一步处理,本组患者术后肾功能基本恢复正常或好转。结论：微创经皮肾取石术治疗独立肾结石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

全机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术

目的 总结使用"达芬奇S"(da Vinci S)机器人手术系统,心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术的经验体会.方法 2009年3月至2010年12月,使用da Vinic S机器人系统,心脏不停跳下完成继发孔型房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术40例.患者女23例,男17例;年龄平均(38±13)岁.房间隔缺损直径为1.5～3.5 cm,平均(2.8±1.3)cm,无右向左分流,伴有或不伴有三尖瓣重度关闭不全.手术经股动、静脉及右侧颈内静脉插管建立体外循环.于右侧胸壁打直径为0.8 cm的器械臂孔3个,直径为2 cm工作孔1个,术中不阻断升主动脉,经内窥镜套管持续给予二氧化碳,心脏跳动下,术者于操作台前遥控机器人进行房间隔缺损修补,三尖瓣重度关闭不全患者同期行三尖瓣成形术.其中直接缝合房间隔缺损22例,心包补片修补房间隔缺损18例,同期三尖瓣成形9例.术中食管超声评估修补及三尖瓣成形效果.对比不停跳与心脏停跳下全机器人房间隔缺损修补术的手术时间及体外循环时间.结果 所有患者均成功接受全机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术,无体循环气体栓子及残余分流等并发症.不停跳组的手术时间、机器人使用时间或体外循环时间少于停跳组.结论 机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术无需阻断升主动脉,简化了全机器人手术过程,手术效果安全可靠.

Abstract：

Objective To Summary the first 40 cases underwent robotic atrial septal defect (ASD) closure or atrial septal defect closure combined bicuspid valve plasty (TVP) using "da Vinci S" surgical System on beating heart. Methods 40 cases of atrial septal defect or combined sever tricuspid valve regurgitation were repaired using "da Vinic S" surgical system on beating heart from March 2009 to December 2010 in cardiovascular department of PLA general hospital. The average age was (38 ± 13) yeas old. 23 cases were female and 17 cases were male. All patients were ostium atrial septal defect with or without pulmonary hypertension. The atrial defect diameter was 1.5 -3.5 cm, and the mean diameter was(2. 8 ±1.3)cm. 9 patients had sever tricuspid valve regurgitation. Without sternotomy, the extracorporeal circulation was established through groin artery,groin vein and internal jugular vein cannulation with the guidance of transeophageal echocardiography. 3 ports of 8 mm and 1 working port of 2 cm were made in the right chest wall. After "da Vinci S" syetem was set up, with the assistant of bed-side surgeon, the surgeon completed the atrial septal defect closure or combined tricuspid valve plasty in the surgeon console with three dimensions visualization. During the operation, without cardioplegia administrated and aortic occlusion, the procedure was completed through right atriotomy. The pleural space was insufflated with carbon dioxide to avoid the air embolism. The direct suturing was used in 22 cases and pericardial patch were used in 18 cases. 9 patients accepted concurrent De Vega tricuspid valve plasty. The transesophageal echocardiography were used to evaluate the result of atrial defect closure or tricuspid valve repair. The operation time, robotic using time and cardiopulmonary time were compared with totally robotic atrial defect repair in arrested heart. Results All cases were accomplished successfully without complication. There was no residual shunt and air embolism. The operation time, robotic using time and cardiopulmonary time were less than the arrested group. Conclusion Robotic atrial septal defect closure or combined tricuspid valve repair on beating heart can avoid aortic ocllusion and can be utilized effectively and safely.     

The interface of cosmetic medicine and surgery: working from the inside and the outside

Minimally invasive or noninvasive procedures account for an overwhelming majority of cosmetic procedures. These procedures include botulinum toxin injections, soft tissue fillers, chemical peel, dermabrasion, and laser hair removal. This article reviews some of the principles involved in these procedures. Plastic surgeons need to be equally familiar with surgical and nonsurgical approaches to cosmetic medicine to provide a complete set of therapeutic options to their patients.