弹性材料修复前牙缺失的临床探讨

目的 为探讨弹性材料在修复前牙缺失中的临床效果,进一步推广应用弹性材料在口腔修复美容中的价值。方法 利用美国Valpast公司研制的弹性材料,湖南长沙AULEN公司生产的隐形义齿机。选择前牙缺失患者216例,按临床要求制备基牙工作模型,制作蜡型装合,加热去腊后灌注弹性材料,冷却后取出铸件修整抛光。结果 216例患者修复298颗牙,两年后随访168例,优良者156例,占92．86％;一般者8例,占4．76％;较差者4例,占2．38％。结论 本方法修复前牙缺失与传统方法相比,无需金属卡环支架固位,具有美观、舒适、超薄、耐磨、制作快捷、简单等优点,是修复前牙缺失的理想材料及方法,值得临床推广应用。     

三维CT在颅底缺损重建中的作用

目的 用三维CT技术进行颅底重建手术的分析、设计、提高一期重建的成功率。方法 手术前联合采用三维CT、MRI或CT了解病变与颅底的关系,颅底缺损的大小、范围及所涉及的重要结构。根据不同情况设计相应手术方案,以自体骨、颞肌瓣和硅橡胶为修复材料。结果 10例中1例颅骨纤维结构不良者发生脑膜炎。3周后痊愈。余9例无类似或组织下垂、脑脊液鼻漏等并发症。结论 三维CT为分析颅底重建手术方案提供了立体分析资料,同时也为手术后评价颅底重建效果提供了直接的实体影像。     

Experimental study and clinical use of poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion as liquid embolisation material

A new material, an emulsion of poly(vinyl acetate) was experimentally developed and clinically used to overcome several disadvantages in currently used liquid embolisation materials. The emulsion microparticles, 0.3–0.7 m in size, possessed cationic charge on the surface and hence aggregated immediately on contact with fluids containing anions. This inert polymer has the advantage that it does not induce a deleterious reaction in living tissue. Moreover, its medium is water and it is not adhesive, like the cyanoacrylates. Several concentrations of emulsion were injected into the renal arteries of dogs. For the investigation of tissue reactions and the possibility of recanalisation, the emulsion was injected into rats both subcutaneously and into the renal arteries. The renal artery injections in dogs showed adequate radiopacity and consistent complete occlusion. The lower the concentration of the emulsion, the smaller the arteries which could be occluded. Even at very low concentrations, however, venous occlusion did not occur. Histological study of the embolised rat kidney revealed no detectable damage in the vessel wall and no recanalisation for up to 6 months. The subcutaneously injected PVAc emulsion elicited mononuclear cell infiltration and gradual centripetal fibrosis, without any deleterious effect on the surrounding tissue. A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was embolised using the material. Histology of the resected nidus showed findings similar to those in the animal experiments.     

醋酸乙烯—二乙烯基苯共聚反应动力学

根据文献查得的Ｑ,ｅ值,计算了醋酸乙烯－二乙烯基二元共聚的竞聚率,预测其共聚的可能性。以甲苯为汽油为致孔剂,采用悬浮聚合方法合成该二元大孔共聚物。红外光谱分析跟踪共聚反应过程中乙酰氧基和苯环相对比例的变化,并测定共聚反应过程中比表面积,孔率和平均孔径的变化。     

延迟焦化装置综合优化控制策略的开发和应用

综合采用延迟焦化优化系统静态寻优值作为炉出口温度的设定基准值,在线实行急冷油程序控制和炉出口温度程序控制,开发了延迟焦化装置物料平衡的综合优化控制策略。并成功地应用在工业装置上。     

A Kiswahili version of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tanzania: translation and tests of scaling assumptions

The objective of the study was to translate and adapt the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tanzania and to test the psychometric properties of the Kiswahili SF-36. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a household survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The IQOLA method of forward and backward translation was used to translate the SF-36 into Kiswahili. The translated questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers to 3,802 adults (50% women, mean (SD) age 31 (13) years, 50% married and 60% with primary education). Data quality and psychometric assumptions underlying the scoring of the eight SF-36 scales were evaluated for the entire sample and separately for the least educated subgroup (n=402), using multitrait scaling analysis. Forward and backward translation procedures resulted in a Kiswahili SF-36 that was considered conceptually equivalent to the US English SF-36. Data quality was excellent: only 1.2% of respondents were excluded because they answered less than half of the items for one or more scales; ninety percent of respondents answered mutually exclusive items consistently. Median item–scale correlations across the eight scales ranged from 0.47 to 0.81 for the entire sample. Median scaling success rates were 100% (range 87.5–100.0). The median internal consistency reliability of the eight scales for the entire sample was 0.81 (range 0.70–0.92). Floor effects were low and ceiling effects were high on five of the eight scales. Results for n=402 people without formal education did not differ substantially from those of the entire sample. The results of data quality and psychometric tests support the scoring of the eight scales using standard scoring algorithms. The Kiswahili translation of the SF-36 may be useful in estimating the health of people in Dar es Salaam. Evidence for the validity of the SF-36 for use in Tanzania needs to be accumulated.     

Measuring health-related quality of life in patients with venous leg ulcers

Introduction: The effect on quality of life by healing leg ulcers is not known and no validated disease-specific tool is available for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for people with venous leg ulcers. The objective of this paper was to compare four generic instruments [MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36); EuroQol (EQ); McGill Short Form Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI)] used for measuring HRQoL in people with venous leg ulcers, and to offer guidance on the most appropriate tool for researchers. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-three patients with venous leg ulcers were recruited as part of a randomised controlled trial of the cost-effectiveness of community leg ulcer clinics. Subjects completed questionnaires containing the four instruments on three occasions (initial assessment, 3 and 12 months). The discriminative and evaluative properties of the four instruments were compared. Results: All four instruments were acceptable to patients, taking a mean of 19.3 (SD 6.3) min to complete. At initial assessment, the SF-MPQ had poorer discriminative properties than the other three instruments and was not able to distinguish between the different patient groups in relation to age and ulcer duration. The FAI was good at discriminating between the different patient groups (at initial assessment) in relation to age, mobility and ulcer size. At the three-month follow-up, the SF-MPQ was more responsive than the other measures and detected changes in HRQoL, whereas the EQ and SF-36 did not. At 12 months, the SF-MPQ still identified differences and the SF-36 and EQ also did at this stage. Conclusion: In the absence of a validated condition-specific tool for measuring changes in general health status for patients with venous leg ulcers, we make the following recommendations. For evaluating the outcome of interventions with a short-term follow-up (three months) in a clinical study we recommend the SF-MPQ and for 12-month follow-up in a clinical study the SF-36, with or without the SF-MPQ.     

疝环充填无张力疝修补术（附50例报道）

目的 观察疝环充填无张力疝修补术的临床应用效果。方法 疝囊做高位剥离而不做高位结扎,用美国Bard公司生产的锥形疝环充填 物充填内环,再用该公司生产的成型补片于精溃后方贴补腹肥肉沟管后壁,其它步骤同传统的手术方法。结果 本组50例,手术时间为30-770分钟,平均40分钟。随访1年效果良好,未见并发症。结论 疝环充填无张力疝修补术具有疼痛轻微、复发率低以及术后恢复快等优点。     

Crystalluria in marathon runners

Summary In order to investigate further the possible relationship between urinary stone formation and marathon running, the crystalluria in seven male, stone forming runners was characterized. Particle size distribution curves (Coulter counter) and crystal number, size and morphology (scanning electron microscopy) were measured. These studies suggest that urinary stone formation may be accelerated in those subjects with previous histories of renal stone formation but that the nature of the crystalluria is favourably affected by an increase in fluid intake. The presence of large quantities of mucoid material in the urine of natural stone formers and its absence in the urine of stone-forming runners is cited as evidence for the existence of different aetiological mechanisms in these groups. It is concluded that while natural stone formers may be at chronic risk of stone formation due to pathological factors, marathon runners may be at acute risk due to factors associated with long distance running itself.     

齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体的制备及理化性质研究

目的 制备齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体并对其理化性质进行研究。方法 采用两次乳化法，以半乳糖神经酰胺为主要膜材制备齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体并进行形态学观察、检测其包封率和稳定性。结果 透射电子显微镜下观察齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体为粒径均匀的球形或近球形的小单层颗粒；粒径范围为60～270nm，D50为140nm；包封率达72．5％，但10d后快速下降。结论 齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体制备方法可行，需进一步提高包封率和稳定性。