大鼠同种骨髓间充质细胞门静脉输注对肝大部分切除肝衰模型术后肝功能、生存率的影响

目的 观察大鼠同种骨髓间充质细胞(BMSCs)经门静脉肝内移植对80％肝切除肝衰竭模型术后肝功能、生存率的影响.方法 通过80％肝切除建立大鼠边缘肝衰竭模型,经门静脉输注绿荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的第5代(P5)大鼠同种MSC,观察BMSCs肝内移植对肝大部分切除边缘肝衰竭模型术后生存率、肝功能的影响.结果 术后7d内的存活率:MSC组72.2％( 13/18)、对照组44.4％ (8/18).MSC组的存活率明显高于对照组(72.2％比44.4％,P＜0.05;MSC组大鼠术后肝功能恢复情况明显优于对照组(P＜0.05);MSC组肝组织中可观察到移植的细胞.结论 经门静脉的BMSCs移植可促进80％肝切除边缘肝衰竭大鼠的肝功能恢复和提高生存率.     

不同剂量的右美托咪定对脑肿瘤患儿围术期的脑保护作用

目的：评价不同剂量的右美托咪定对脑肿瘤切除术患儿的脑保护效应。方法对行择期脑胶质瘤和脑膜瘤切除术的80例患儿进行研究分析,随机分成4组：对照组（N 组）,Dex1组（D1组）,Dex2（D2组）,Dex3组（D3组）。麻醉诱导前10 min,D1、D2、D3组分别静脉输注右美托咪定负荷量1μg/kg,后维持剂量分别为右美托咪定0.4、0.7、1.0μg/（kg·h）,N组静脉输注等容量的生理盐水。均以丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、顺阿曲库铵维持麻醉,维持 BIS 值40～60之间。在术前24 h(T0)、切开硬脑膜时（T1）、手术结束时（T2)及术后24 h（T3)采集中心静脉血液,采用 ELISA 法测定 S100β蛋白和 NSE 浓度。结果(1)与 T0时相比,N、D1、D2和 D3组 T1时的 S100β蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义,T2、T3时的 S100β蛋白浓度升高[（2.2±0.7）,(2.7±0.5),（1.9±0.5）,（2.2±0.3）,（1.8±0.6）,（2.1±0.5）,（1.9±0.5）,（2.3±0.4）]（P<0.05);T2、T3时,与 N 组对比,D1、D2、D33组的 S100β蛋白浓度差异有统计学意义[（1.9±0.5）,（2.2±0.3）,（1.8±0.6）,（2.1±0.5）,（1.9±0.5）,（2.3±0.4）]（P<0.05);D1、D2、D33组之间比较 T2、T3时的 S100β蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义。(2)与 T0时相比,N、D1、D2和 D3组 T1时的 NSE 浓度差异无统计学意义,T2、T3时的 NSE 浓度升高[（5.5±1.0）,(7.4±1.2),(4.3±0.7),(5.6±1.1),(4.4±0.7),(5.7±1.3),(4.2±0.7),(5.9±1.2）]（P<0.05);T2、T3时,与 N 组对比,D1、D2、D33组的 NSE 浓度差异有统计学意义[（4.3±0.7),(5.6±1.1),(4.4±0.7),(5.7±1.3),(4.2±0.7),(5.9±1.2)(P<0.05);D1、D2、D33组之间比较 T2、T3时的 NSE 浓度差异无统计学意义。(3)D1、D2、D3组患儿的苏醒时间及拔除气管导管时间明显低于 N 组患者,组间差异有统计学意义[(34±7),(39±7);(33±5),(38±6);(35±5),(38±5)](P＜0.05）;D1、D2、D3组患儿的苏醒时间及拔除气管导管时间差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定对脑肿瘤切除术患儿具有明显脑保护作用。     

Catching the GIST: Massive Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting as Acute Dyspnea

We present a case of a 55-year-old woman presenting with worsening shortness of breath and constipation over the course of three days. Initial computed tomography scan showed a large, complex abdominal mass with a vascular pedicle and possible pedunculated origin along the inferior aspect of the greater curvature of the stomach. The mass was further evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging showing an active hemorrhage. The patient became hemodynamically unstable and general surgery was consulted for evaluation. Mass resection was performed, and biopsy revealed KIT/CD117+ and DOG1/ANO1+ gastrointestinal stromal tumor staged as T4. Although definitive diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor requires biopsy, prompt clinical and radiological recognition is critical for patients to receive definitive treatment of mass resection.     

经肛门取出标本腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术14例

目的:总结经肛门取出标本腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术手术的体会。方法:分析经肛门取出标本腹腔镜直肠癌根治术14例的临床资料。结果:所有患者顺利完成手术,无严重并发症。术后5~8 d出院。随访3月~24个月,均无局部复发或远处转移。结论:经肛门取出标本腹腔镜直肠癌根治术创伤小、愈合快,可达到肿瘤治疗目的。     

右美托咪定联合硝酸甘油在经鼻微创垂体瘤切除术的应用效果

目的:研究右美托咪定在经鼻微创垂体瘤切除手术的临床应用,评价其有效性、安全性及实用性。方法:将择期全麻经鼻微创垂体瘤切除术患者40例,随机均分成D组与C组。D组为右美托咪定组,麻醉诱导前10 min微量注射泵静脉输注负荷剂量1 μg·kg-1·10 min-1,10 min后以0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1泵速维持;C组为对照组,按照相同的方式输注0.9%氯化钠注射液。所有患者应用硝酸甘油,将平均动脉压维持于60~70 mmHg;微量注射泵静脉输注丙泊酚,并在脑电双频指数监测下,调整泵注速度,维持脑电双频指数40~50。观察患者不同时刻血压、心率的变化,记录术中Fromme术野质量评分、手术时间与出血量、丙泊酚及硝酸甘油平均用药量,记录术后患者自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、清醒拔管时间,拔管时、拔管后1 h及2 h的Ramsay镇静评分以及拔管后2 h内寒战、过度镇静的发生情况。结果:与C组比较,D组出血量少、Fromme术野质量评分较低、手术时间缩短(P<0.05~P<0.01),且控制性降压期间的心率较低(P<0.01),气管插管、拔管时平均动脉压及心率波动小,血流动力学较平稳(P<0.01);D组较C组的丙泊酚及硝酸甘油的平均用药量均显著降低(P<0.01);2组术后苏醒时间及拔管时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);D组患者在拔管时刻的Ramsay镇静评分高于C组(P<0.01),拔管后1 h的Ramsay镇静评分低于C组(P<0.05),拔管后2h,2组的Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔管后2h内,D组患者的寒战发生率低于C组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合硝酸甘油用于经鼻微创垂体瘤切除术,能显著改善术野评分,缩短手术时间;同时可有效维持血流动力学稳定,术后镇静效果好且无过度镇静现象,具有临床有效性、实用性与安全性。     

胰头癌全胰腺系膜切除的争论与进展

区域性淋巴结清扫对病人预后是否受益,切除远站的淋巴结是否会增加术后的并发症,一直受到人们质疑.胰腺癌周围神经丛浸润十分常见,胰内神经丛浸润可蔓延至胰外神经丛,是导致切缘阳性的重要因素,因而整块切除腹膜后组织包括部分神经丛应作为胰头癌手术的一个基本组成部分.全胰腺系膜切除（total mesopancreas excision,TMpE）理念的提出,要求包括神经、毛细血管及淋巴结在内的所有软组织的廓清,在不增加手术并发症和死亡的基础上,可提高RO切除率,有助于改善病人预后.     

腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术后的护理体会

目的探讨腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术的护理要点。方法总结4例腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术及9例后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术的护理经验,制定手术前后护理程序。结果 13例肾癌患者均手术成功,康复出院。结论做好肾癌患者的术前心理辅导,积极术前准备,术后密切监测患者的护理指标变化,随时做出相应处理,可帮助患者早日治愈康复。     

Hepatitis B Virus Infection Predicts Extrahepatic Metastasis After Hepatic Resection in Patients With Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Although extrahepatic metastasis occurs rarely after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis of these patients is extremely poor. Predictors of extrahepatic metastasis have not been fully investigated. Methods To identify predictors of extrahepatic metastasis after resection, we retrospectively investigated 77 patients with HCC tumors >50 mm in diameter who underwent hepatic resection. We investigated correlations between postoperative extrahepatic metastasis and clinicopathologic factors as well as extrahepatic metastasis-free survival rate by log rank test and predictors of extrahepatic metastasis by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) was found in 25 (32.5%) of 77 patients, and extrahepatic metastasis occurred in 26 (33.8%). Patients with extrahepatic metastasis showed better liver function and a high occurrence of HBs-Ag positivity than those without. The 5-year extrahepatic metastasis-free survival rate was worse in patients with HBs-Ag positivity, larger tumors (≥70 mm), higher alfa-fetoprotein level (≥300 ng/mL), and lower indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR₁₅) (<15%) than in those without. By univariate logistic regression analysis, HBs-Ag positivity, larger HCC tumor (≥70 mm), lower ICGR₁₅ (<15%), and lower preoperative lymphocyte count (<1000/mm³) were predictors of extrahepatic metastasis (P < .1). By multivariate analysis, HBs-Ag positivity was an independent predictor of postoperative extrahepatic metastasis (P = .04). Conclusions In patients positive for HBs-Ag, radiologic examination of extrahepatic organs should be performed as a part of the postoperative surveillance. Hepatitis B virus infection may promote establishment of extrahepatic metastasis.