中医证候的结构化研究

基于证候理论内蕴拓扑结构的理论和方法,可以破解证候高阶多维的非线性结构,展现证候复杂多变的全貌,阐明证候动态演化过程中子集合的衍生规律,以及证候动态演化子集合主症与次症的变化规律,实现证候动态演化子集合与治则治法和方药的精准对应,揭示出证候动态演化规律的科学内涵。运用证候结构化的理论数据,通过古代名医医案和方剂证候分析的文献数据,以及临床案例证候的数据,可以实现中医理法方药知识的创新,带动养生保健和预防知识的创新,从而促进辨证论治水平的大幅度提高,促进中医学理论的发展。     

Effects of helmet laws and education campaigns on helmet use in young skiers

OBJECTIVE:

Helmet-compulsory laws for young skiers, accompanied by educational campaigns, have recently been implemented in several countries. However, data regarding compliance to these interventions during adolescence are scarce.

METHODS:

In 2011, a questionnaire survey was performed among 10- to 16-year-old students in 62 Austrian secondary schools.

RESULTS:

A total of 2655 questionnaires were completed by 1376 males and 1279 females. Helmet use was reported in 99% of 10- to 15-year-old skiers (for whom helmets are mandatory) and in 91% of 16-year-old skiers (for whom helmets are not mandatory).

CONCLUSION:

Compliance with helmet laws, which were accompanied by educational campaigns, was very high among adolescent skiers. Nevertheless, helmet use decreased slightly during adolescence, and this decrease was particularly pronounced when helmet use was no longer mandatory. Sophisticated multifaceted interventions may have the potential to increase the use of ski helmets among individuals who refuse to wear helmets.     

Induced abortion frequency in Ankara,Turkey, before and after the legal regulation of induced abortion

Objective To determine the effects of the 1983 law that legalized induced abortion on the number and place of abortions, and on the use of family planning (FP) methods before and after abortion, and to determine the demographic characteristics and reproductive health features according to the order of abortion.

Method This study included 2455 married, widowed or divorced women presenting at Mother and Child Health-Family Planning Centres in Ankara. A questionnaire was used for data collection.

Result Nearly three out of 10 (28.7%) of the women had undergone at least one induced abortion. In the age groups 45–54 and 55–64, 49 and 37.3%, respectively, had had one or more terminations of pregnancy (TOPs). The induced abortion rate increased following the enacting of the law. In the 15–24 and in the 55–64 age group, 55.6 and 89%, respectively, of the women had been aborted by a private physician. Before the index pregnancy, 63.1% were not using contraception compared with 37.3% thereafter. The rate of use of FP increased after the law was passed.

Conclusion Although the most common reason for having an abortion was unwanted pregnancy in all age groups and nearly 60.0% of the women aged less than 55 reported that they were not using any FP method at the time of the TOP, the proportion of women having undergone at least one of these procedures increased after the law was passed, indicating that abortion is used as a FP method.     

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Hospitalisation Syndrome as Potential Aetiologies of Unfitness to Stand Trial: The Gbagbo Decision

In Prosecutor v Laurent Gbagbo, ICC Pre-Trial Chamber, 2 November 2012 it was decided that the accused former President of the Ivory Coast was fit to stand trial. Expert opinions from a general practitioner and a psychologist were not accepted and evidence from a psychiatrist was preferred. It was determined that the evidence that the accused suffered from “hospitalisation syndrome”, PTSD and depression did not satisfy the test for unfitness to stand trial. The carefully reasoned judgment of the Pre-Trial Chamber raises important issues about the relevance of conditions that fall short of psychosis in terms of their potential to render a person unfit for trial under international criminal law or, more generally, under criminal law. While on this occasion the somewhat novel, internally contradictory and inadequately based expert opinions did not satisfy the Pre-Trial Chamber in this regard, it remains still possible that unusual conditions or combinations of conditions falling short of psychosis could result in a person's inability to participate meaningfully in the trial process.     

基于视频图像边缘检测的人体下肢运动步态

背景：步态规律主要应用人体行走的运动学、动力学等参数进行描述。目前在运动医学、康复工程和仿生学等领域,步态分析可为确定疾病诊断、康复和治疗方案提供重要依据。 目的：应用基于人体运动图像的测量装置系统,采集人体在跑步机上行走的下肢运动步态视频,分析人体步态运动规律。 方法：采用基于双摄影机的人体运动图像捕捉系统,在人体的左右髋关节、膝关节、踝关节及脚板设置标识点,对人体在跑步机上行走的下肢运动步态视频进行采集。应用图像边缘检测的原理,对测量数据进行了图像处理和分析,得到人体正常步速行走时,左右大腿与竖直方向夹角、小腿与竖直方向夹角、脚板与竖直方向夹角及膝关节、踝关节标识点的关节角度变化规律。 结果与结论：基于视频图像边缘检测人体下肢的运动步态,成本相对低廉,数据误差较小,精度与进口设备较接近。应用该测量结果初步构建了人体步态行走数据库,为建立步态评定标准、异常步态判别以及进一步的康复治疗提供了依据。     

胃管注入法应用奥美拉唑治疗新生儿应激性溃疡的疗效分析

目的 分析新生儿应激性溃疡的治疗特点,探讨采用奥美拉唑胃管注入法治疗新生儿应激性溃疡的治疗效果.方法 选择我院自2008年2月至2010年4月所收治的新生儿应激性溃疡患者共152例,将其随机分成两组,观察组与对照组,各76例.对照组采取常规性治疗法,而观察组在常规治疗法的基础上辅以奥美拉唑胃管注入治疗,具体为采取胃管注入奥美拉唑,剂量为0.6 mg/kg,1次/d,连续使用5 d.维持治疗持续到胃回抽物不再有咖啡样液体后,再行治疗1 d.结果 两组的治疗总有效率分别为,观察组96.8%,对照组73.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 奥美拉唑胃管注入治疗对新生儿应激性溃疡的效果较明显,与常规治疗法相比,更有利于患儿的康复,值得临床应用推广.     

IgA肾病血尿中医用药规律的文献研究

目的基于文献探讨IgA肾病血尿的中医用药规律。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）中1980-2009年涉及IgA肾病血尿中医处方用药的临床研究文献,建立数据库,采用SPSS11.5统计软件描述分析。结果收集到合格文献89篇,涉及中药共计128味。治疗IgA肾病血尿所用的中药种类依次以补益药、清热药、止血药、活血祛瘀药、利水渗湿药为主,占总用药的81.18%;药味以甘、苦、辛为主,累积频率达87.53%;药性以寒、温、平为主,累积频率达93.05%;归经以肝、肺、脾、肾、胃、心、膀胱为主,累积频率达92.26%。结论本病发病部位多在肾与膀胱;临床以补益药、清热药、止血药、活血化瘀药、利水渗湿药等中药运用较多;使用频率最高的单味药依次为生地黄、黄芪、白茅根、山药、白术、牡丹皮、墨旱莲等。     

浅谈X射线诊断设备国内外相关法律文件要求

本文通过采用非接触性研究中的内容分析方法,从美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）网站,以及欧盟医疗器械指令上收集的有关X射线诊断设备法律文件并进行总结分析,了解美国、欧盟对X射线诊断设备相关法律法规的要求,并提示我国应从中得到启示,完善相关指导原则,以确保X射线诊断设备安全、有效地使用。     

毫针刺法配合手法整复治疗颈源性头痛300例

颈源性头痛是由于颈部的急慢性损伤,刺激压迫了颈部的神经,血管而引起的头痛,临床上多由颈部软组织损伤,枕筋膜增厚,颈椎小关节错位,钩椎关节增生等病变引起.临床我们对300例颈性头痛患者,采用毫针刺法配合手法整复进行治疗疗效确切现报道如下.