茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光治疗黄疸疗效及对新生儿肝功能、胆红素、脑功能的影响

目的:研究茵栀黄颗粒口服联合蓝光治疗对新生儿黄疸肝功能、胆红素水平及脑功能的影响。方法:选择120例新生儿黄疸患儿并随机分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组患儿采用蓝光治疗; 观察组患者在对照组基础上联合茵栀黄颗粒治疗,两组均治疗7 d。比较两组患儿治疗前后肝功能、胆红素水平、炎症反应水平及治疗后脑功能损伤情况和疗效。结果:治疗后观察组谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05); 总胆红素(TBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05); 白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05); 脑功能正常率显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿黄疸患儿通过茵栀黄颗粒口服联合蓝光治疗对改善肝功能、调节胆红素水平和炎症反应、改善脑功能有积极意义,整体疗效较理想。     

阴黄的病因病机及其辨治探讨

黄疸为临床常见病证，其中阴黄的病因病机较为复杂，辨证治疗也有一定难度。究其病因病机属本虚标实，阳虚为本，寒湿为标；辨主详审病情，四诊合参，综合分析，关键在于有寒湿之确据；治疗应标本兼顾，温化寒湿，注意用药轻灵，健脾运脾，难图速效，贵在守方缓治。     

普通B超探头引导下PTCD治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的临床体会

目的探讨普通B超探头引导下经皮肝穿刺胆道置管引流(PTCD)治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸中的临床体会。方法回顾分析B超探头引导PTCD术治疗恶性肿瘤所致的阻塞性黄疸患者68例,按B超探头不同分为:研究组,普通凸阵B超探头,36例;对照组,专用穿刺探头,32例。比较两组术后的穿刺成功率、置管成功率、血清总胆红素水平、胆汁引流量的差别。结果两组术后的指标未见差别,穿刺成功率(P=0.067)、置管成功率(P=0.075)、血清总胆红素水平(P=0.124)、胆汁引流量(P=0.227)。结论普通B超探头引导下行PTCD术治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸临床疗效与应用专用穿刺探头无差别。     

美国儿科学会最新新生儿黄疸诊疗指南

大多数新生儿可出现黄疸,大部分新生儿黄疸均较轻微,但由于胆红素毒性,严重高胆红素血症可导致胆红素脑病或核黄疸。为减少严重胆红素血症及胆红素脑症或核黄疸的发生,避免医疗资源的浪费,2004年8月美国儿科学会制定了新的新生儿黄疸诊疗指南。该指南强调了成功母乳喂养、黄疸出现时间、黄疸高危因素评估、严密随访和适时干预的重要性,制定了黄疸干预的流程图,提出了一些新的观点,值得我们借鉴。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期梗阻性黄疸分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术后早期梗阻性黄疸的原因,探讨预防和处理措施。方法回顾总结2007年6月至2011年12月我院收治26例LC术后梗阻性黄疸患者临床资料。结果 26例LC术后梗阻性黄疸患者中胆道残留结石16例,钛夹钳夹胆总管或肝总管7例,胆囊癌2例,Oddi括约肌功能障碍1例。结论 LC术后梗阻性黄疸主要原因有胆道残留结石和钛夹损伤。     

延迟断脐对中晚期早产儿早期发生黄疸和颅内出血的影响

目的 探讨延迟断脐对于中晚期早产儿早期发生黄疸和颅内出血的影响.方法 选择上海市嘉定区妇幼保健院2016年2月1日至2018年1月31日顺产的中晚期(32～36+6周)早产儿作为研究对象,其中2016年2月1日至2017年1月31日顺产的早产儿在娩出后15 s内断脐(早断脐组),2017年2月1日至2018年1月31日...     

Increased nitric oxide production in hepatocytes is involved in liver dysfunction following obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND: Obstructive jaundice damages critical functions in the liver. However, the mechanisms involved in hepatic dysfunction are obscure. Nitric oxide is implicated in liver injury under various pathological conditions. We previously reported that proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) stimulated the production of nitric oxide in hepatocytes, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies were performed to examine whether obstructive jaundice influences the production of nitric oxide in hepatocytes and alters hepatic energy metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hepatocytes were isolated and cultured from a rat model of obstructive jaundice or sham control. Nitric oxide production, ATP content, and ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate; KBR) were compared between the two groups in the presence of IL-1beta. RESULTS: Hepatocytes obtained from obstructive jaundice rats markedly increased the levels of nitric oxide production stimulated by IL-1beta compared with those from sham control. Western blot analysis revealed that the enhancement of nitric oxide production was a posttranslational event, since protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were unchanged between the two groups. IL-1beta decreased cellular ATP content in obstructive jaundice but not in sham control. Further, the KBR, which is a marker of mitochondrial redox state, was lower in obstructive jaundice than in sham control. Addition of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS, abolished the decreases in ATP content and KBR as well as the nitric oxide production. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a priming of nitric oxide production following obstructive jaundice is associated with the alteration of hepatic energy metabolism in part through mitochondrial dysfunction. Regulation of nitric oxide production may be a useful therapy for preventing liver dysfunction in obstructive jaundice.     

胰十二指肠切除术并发胰漏高危因素分析及护理对策

目的探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行胰十二指肠切除术术后胰漏的高危因素及护理对策。方法回顾性研究300例患者的一般资料、实验室检查结果、术中情况及术后并发症发生情况,应用SPSS 13．0软件包对上述临床资料进行Logistic回归分析,并对结果采用Fisher’s判别分析。结果37例（占12．3％）患者术后发生胰漏。Lo—gistic回归得到影响该类患者术后发生胰漏的高危因素包括：性别（男性）,术前行ERCP检查及治疗,既往心脏病史,手术方式（胰十二指肠切除术＋扩大淋巴结清扫术）,病理分化（低）,尿素氮变化率[（术后第1天浓度-术前浓度）／术前浓度]增大。通过Fisher’s判别分析得到3个判别函数。结论通过判别方程预见患者术后发生胰漏的危险性,制定针对性的预见性护理方案,以降低患者术后胰漏的发生率及病死率,减少住院天数和费用,促进患者康复。     

Effect of clofibrate on reducing neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In neonates, bilirubin tends to be deposited in body tissues, especially the skin and mucous membranes. Jaundice is an early symptom of bilirubin excretion disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clofibrate on reducing neonatal jaundice. In this systematic review, international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were searched without time and language restrictions. The reference lists of all studies ultimately included were manually searched. In the 17 articles reviewed, with a sample size of 665 people published between 2005 and 2019, the average weight of the neonates varied from 2,186 g to 4,000 g. Furthermore, the average age of neonates varied from 2 days to 9 days. Four doses of clofibrate (25, 30, 50, 100 mg/kg of neonatal body weight) were used. The bilirubin level of neonates significantly decreased in the intervention group 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after the start of treatment. Clofibrate administration decreased total serum bilirubin, especially from the second day onwards, and also reduced hospitalization time, hospital costs, and side effects from hospitalization.     

阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝功能和病理形态学研究

目的:探讨胆管阻塞对大鼠肝脏功能和病理形态学的影响.方法:60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组:胆总管结扎组(BDL,n=50)和假手术组(n=10,仅游离胆总管不予结扎).BDL组据结扎持续时间又分为BDL3、BDL7、BDL14、BDL28和BDL42组(每组10只),分别于术后第3、7、14、28、42日测定血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)等肝功能指标,并观察肝脏组织病理形态.假手术组于术后7 d行上述检测.结果:与假手术组相比,BDL组大鼠肝脏功能指标明显改变,血清TBIL、DBIL、TBA值在阻塞早期(BDL3 或BDL7 组)为最高,后呈下降趋势,至实验末期(BDL42组)时仍高于对照组;ALT等酶学指标也有类似变化.BDL组大鼠的主要病理形态学改变为肝内小胆管增生和肝纤维化.结论:大鼠肝脏功能阻塞早期即发生明显的损害,机体可产生一定的代偿以改善肝功能,但持续存在的胆管阻塞最终导致肝纤维化.大鼠阻塞性黄疸期内病理形态学的改变显示其肝功能测定值并不能反映其肝脏组织的实际损害程度.