肾动脉支架植入术治疗肾动脉狭窄疗效及安全性评价探讨

目的分析和探讨肾动脉支架植入术治疗肾动脉狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法选取80例肾动脉造影提示单侧或双侧肾动脉狭窄≥50%的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组采用内科保守治疗,治疗组在此基础上加植入肾动脉支架治疗。结果 40例治疗组支架放置位置准确,肾动脉血液循环良好,无夹层残余和狭窄,支架通畅率100%。血压治愈总有效率为95%;对照组血压治愈总有效率为55%,两组患者血压改善例数比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者肾功能治愈率75%,对照组患者肾功能治愈率40%,两组患者肾功能改善比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肾动脉支架置入术临床疗效肯定,手术成功率高,安全有效。     

Assessing intraductal proliferations in breast core needle biopsies

Intraductal proliferations of the breast comprise a heterogeneous group of epithelial proliferations confined to the ductal and lobular system of the breast parenchyma. The correct interpretation and categorization of such lesions can be challenging, especially on core needle biopsy, but are critical for appropriate clinical management as this determines whether surgical excision is or is not required. In this paper we aim to review the histologic criteria and terminology for the spectrum of intraductal proliferative lesions. We will discuss the key morphologic features and diagnostic mimics of usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ, and provide practical guidelines for interpretation in core needle biopsy specimens.     

Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas on fine needle aspiration: Case Report with Differential Diagnosis

Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm accounting for less than 1% of all pancreatic exocrine neoplasms and 3% of intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas. Data on this entity are still limited. Here, we report a case of ITPN with cytopathologic and histopathologic findings. A 41‐year‐old woman with a 2.2 cm cyst in the head of the pancreas for five years was referred to our institution. The endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration produced cytospins were moderately cellular with a few fragments of markedly atypical epithelium. The neoplastic cells displayed high‐grade nuclear atypia with enlarged, eccentric nuclei, anisonucleosis and prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear membranes, high nucleus to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios, and a moderate amount of cytoplasm with no intracytoplasmic mucin. Histologically, the lesion was found to be an ITPN with focal high‐grade dysplasia. No invasive carcinoma was identified. The neoplastic cells exhibited luminal immunolabeling for MUC‐1, but were negative for MUC‐2, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and P53. Approximately 5% of the neoplastic cells showed Ki‐67 immunoreactivity. ITPN of pancreas may be a source of markedly atypical epithelial cells in pancreatic cystic aspiration. Clinical and radiographic findings, molecular mutational analysis, in combination with cytological features are essential to differentiate it from other disease entities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:156–160. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Clinicopathological characterization of so-called “cholangiocarcinoma with intraductal papillary growth” with respect to “intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPNB)”

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) of the biliary tract occasionally presents a predominant intraductal papillary growth in the bile ducts, called as biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) of papillary growth (PG) and intrahepatic CC (ICC) of intraductal growth (IG) type. Recently, intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPNB) has been proposed as a pre-invasive biliary neoplasm. This study was performed to characterize pathologically BTC of PG type and ICC of IG type with respect to IPNB. It was found that 126 of such 154 CCs (81.8%) fulfilled the criteria of IPNB, while the remaining 28 cases showed different histologies, such as tubular adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma. These IPNBs occurred in old aged patients with a male predominance, and the left lobe was rather frequently affected in the liver. A majority of these cases were high grade IPNB (43 cases) and invasive IPNB (77 cases), while low grade IPNB was rare (6 cases). Pancreatobiliary type was predominant (48 cases) followed by gastric (30 cases), intestinal (29 cases) and oncocytic (19 cases) types. Mucus hypersecretion was found in 45 cases, and this was frequent in IPNB at the intrahepatic large bile duct and hilar bile ducts but rare at the extrahepatic bile ducts. Interestingly, 36 cases of high grade and invasive IPNBs contained foci of moderately differentiated adenocacinoma within the intraductal papillary tumor. In conclusion, a majority of ICC of IG type and BTC of PG type could be regarded as a IPNB lineage, and clinically detectable IPNBs were already a malignant papillary lesion.     

观看3D 电视前后的脑电变化与电极层次性布局

通过观看3D电视前后闭眼的脑电信号变化,寻找3D电视诱发的各脑区变化最明显的区域,由此研究3D电视健康评估体系专用的脑电极布局方法。选取40名身体健康,年龄在21～23岁的男性志愿者,按连续和间断两种实验模式平均分为两组,观看等长时间的3D电视,记录观看电视前后及整个过程的脑电信号;通过比较观看前后各通道间的闭眼脑电信号中α、β、θ波的3个波段相对能量、R值和A/B值的变化,统计各脑区具有统计学差异的通道数量,以分析各脑区变化的情况。由α、β、θ波的相对能量以及A/B值和R值对两组实验脑电信号分析,视觉区及其附近区域有统计学差异的通道有视觉枕区O1、O2通道及其附近的左顶P3通道、右后颞T6通道,额区及其附近有统计学差异的通道有前额FP2和左额F3通道,其余脑区中的中央区只有C4通道具有统计学差异。在3D电视诱发的脑区变化中,视觉区有最为明显的变化,额区有较为明显的变化,中央区局部略有变化。     

脊柱内固定椎弓根螺钉置入后生物力学的稳定性

背景：椎弓根螺钉内固定系统由于具有牢固的三维固定效果、良好的生物力学稳定性以及较好的复位和矫正畸形作用,被广泛用于脊柱外科,但椎弓根螺钉系统松动、折断及螺钉拔出等并发症仍是导致内固定手术失败的主要原因。 目的：分析脊柱内固定植入物椎弓根钉的生物力学及稳定性探索。 方法：应用计算机检索万方、维普和PubMed数据库中1999年1月至2011年12月关于椎弓根钉植入后生物力学评价相关的文章,以“椎弓根钉,脊柱,内固定,稳定性,生物相容性”为关键词进行检索。选择脊柱内固定植入物生物力学及评价相关的文献,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到260篇文献,根据纳入标准选择40篇文章进行综合分析。 结果与结论：要提高椎弓根螺钉系统对脊柱固定的稳定性,可通过改进内固定材料、设计和操作技术以分散固定界面应力,但对螺钉的改进受椎弓根和椎体大小的限制,如何从内固定系统装置上来增强固定效果,有待进一步研究。作者认为椎弓根螺钉植入后的稳定性评价应该结合动物实验和临床研究,包括椎弓根螺钉材质、置入位置、角度、固定装置等因素,还应该针对患者个体化因素进行,即对椎弓根螺钉置入遵循个体化原则,对每一个不同的椎弓根施以不同的置钉入点、方向及螺钉。     

透视引导与机器人辅助椎弓根置钉效果的荟萃分析

文题释义： 透视引导：在椎弓根置钉时,患者需要在手术前拍摄椎体左、右侧斜位,正、侧位平片及CT、MRI 等影像学检查去了解椎弓根的形态及其与神经结构和椎动脉的关系,进一步确定椎体是否有解剖变异,用以上透视检查方法来预测椎弓根螺钉的长度和直径、螺钉的置入点及角度。 椎弓根置钉：椎弓根剖面呈椭圆形,周围是皮质骨,中心有少许骨松质,后部几乎全是皮质骨,所以椎弓根是脊椎中最为坚硬的部分,是对脊柱进行操作和制动的有效作用点,椎弓根置钉是通过椎弓根将螺钉拧入椎体,让脊柱达到较好的三维固定。在椎弓根置钉时,椎弓根螺钉的长度和直径,螺钉的置入点及角度的选择非常重要。 背景：传统透视引导椎弓根螺钉内固定螺钉置入准确度不高,容易导致严重的手术并发症。为了降低手术并发症及提高手术成功率,机器人辅助技术应运而生。 目的：通过Meta分析比较机器人辅助与透视引导椎弓根置钉效果的差异。 方法：检索包括2008年12月至2018年12月在国内外发表的有关机器人辅助与透视引导成人椎弓根置钉的临床对照研究,数据库包括Embase、PubMed、Central、中国知网、维普、万方、CBM等数据库,中文关键词为“机器人辅助,透视引导,传统徒手,椎弓根螺钉”,英文关键词为“robot assisted,fluoroscopy guided,conventional,freehand,pedicle screw”。提取数据后,采用Review Manager 5.3 软件进行数据分析。 结果与结论：①依据以上检索策略,共检索到1 615篇相关文献,并最终将13篇文献纳入;②通过对结果的统计分析发现,机器人辅助组的置钉精准度优于透视引导组[95%CI(1.55,4.06),P=0.000 2],而透视引导组术中辐射强度少于机器人辅助组[95%CI(0.42,0.82),P < 0.001],两者差异均有显著性意义;③但是机器人辅助组的并发症发生例数[95%CI(0.23,4.65),P=0.96]及翻修例数[95%CI(0.03,3.17),P=0.33]与透视引导组比较,其差异无显著性意义;术中透视时间2组相当[95%CI(-38.55,78.26),P=0.51];2组术后发生背部疼痛[95%CI(-0.58,0.38),P=0.68]、腿部疼痛评分[95%CI(-0.20,0.19),P=0.94]及手术时间[95%CI(-6.33,53.02),P=0.12]也相当,其差异均无显著性意义;④提示与透视引导相比,机器人辅助成人椎弓根螺钉置入时具有更高的置钉精准度,尤其是在经皮条件下;不可避免的其术中辐射强度也较传统透视更多。ORCID: 0000-0001-9375-8838(高阳阳) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程