Ridge alterations following immediate implant placement and the treatment of bone defects with Bio-Oss in an animal model

Background: Conflicting data exist on the outcome of placing Bio‐Oss® (Geitslich Pharm AG, Wolhausen, Switzerland) into extraction sockets. It is therefore relevant to study whether the incorporation of Bio‐Oss into extraction sockets would influence bone healing outcome at the extraction sites. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess peri‐implant bone changes when implants were placed in fresh extraction sockets and the remaining defects were filled with Bio‐Oss particles in a canine mandible model. Materials and Methods: Six mongrel dogs were used in the study. In one jaw quadrant of each animal, the fourth mandibular premolars were extracted with an elevation of the mucoperiosteal flap; implants were then placed in the fresh extraction sockets and the remaining defects were filled with Bio‐Oss particles. After 4 months of healing, micro‐computed tomography at the implant sites was performed. Osseointegration was calculated as the percent of implant surface in contact with bone. Additionally, bone height was measured in the peri‐implant bone. Results: Average osseointegration was 28.5% (ranged between 14.8 and 34.2%). The mean crestal bone loss was 4.7 ± 2.1 mm on the buccal aspect, 0.4 ± 0.5 mm on the mesial aspect, 0.4 ± 0.3 mm on the distal aspect, and 0.3 ± 0.4 mm on the lingual aspect. Conclusion: The findings from this study demonstrated that the placement of implants and Bio‐Oss® particles into fresh extraction sockets resulted in significant buccal bone loss with low osseointegration.     

牙周炎患者种植体即刻负载的研究进展

即刻负载由于可以为患者提供即刻的功能和美观而成为近年来的研究热点。牙周炎患者作为一个广泛的特殊患者群体,长期以来学者在其种植修复方面持保守态度。然而近年来,随着种植技术的发展以及种植材料的进步,越来越多的学者对牙周炎患者采用即刻负载并获得了成功。有学者进一步指出:将即刻种植与即刻负载联合应用,可以在最短的治疗时间内获得最佳的疗效。本文就国内外学者对牙周炎患者即刻负载的研究进展作一综述。     

Stereoscopic Technique for Conversion of Radiographic Guide into Implant Surgical Guide

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new stereoscopic technique for conversion of radiographic guide into surgical guide for dental implant placement. Materials and Methods: Ten partially dentate patients requiring 18 implants for tooth replacement were recruited. Radiographic guides were modified with the addition of index rods for double computed tomography scanning. Implant positions were planned with implant planning software, and the stereoscopic angulations were measured. The radiographic guides were converted into surgical guides using either a generic bench drill (Group A, n = 9) or a milling machine (Group B, n = 9). Stereolithographic surgical guides were also made for three patients (Group S, n = 5). Differences between the planned and actual angulations were tested by pair‐sample t‐test. Difference of mean angle deviation among groups was tested by Brown–Forsythe test. Differences were considered significant if p < .05. Results: Eighteen implant sites were successfully treated with the converted surgical guides. The mean angle deviation of Group A (1.3 ± 0.6°) was significantly greater than Group S (0.4 ± 0.6°), while no differences were found between Group B (0.9 ± 0.3°) and Group S. The linear error was greatest in Group A with 1.5 mm at the head and 1.8 mm at the apex of the implant. Conclusions: The use of this new stereoscopic technique appears to be an acceptable alternative method for converting radiographic guide into surgical guide.     

上颌窦底微创提升的短期临床疗效评价

目的：通过临床试验评估一种上颌窦底微创提升技术的疗效。方法试验组11例患者的上颌后牙区行上颌窦底微创提升技术并同期植入短种植体14枚。对照组10例患者进行了使用扩孔钻的上颌窦冲顶技术并同期植入短种植体13枚。两组患者术后6个月行暂冠修复,进行咬合训练及软组织塑形,3个月后永久修复。术后定期复诊,检查患者的上颌窦、种植体骨结合情况,并使用锥形束CT（CBCT）测量骨增量水平。结果试验组及对照组均无种植体松动、脱落及上颌窦炎发生,CBCT显示种植体与周围组织形成良好的骨性结合。经2~28个月随访观察,临床效果良好。试验组和对照组平均窦底垂直骨增量分别为5.87和5.45 mm。结论上颌窦底微创提升联合短种植体同期植入是一种创伤小、操作简单、行之有效的上颌后牙区种植外科技术,可用于上颌窦底垂直骨量严重不足,余留牙槽骨高度不足4 mm的病例。     

尼卡地平与硝普钠用于主动脉腔内修复术控制性降压效果的比较

目的:观察尼卡地平用于覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术中控制性降压的效果,并与传统降压药物硝普钠进行比较。方法:选用40例Standford B型主动脉夹层拟经股动脉行覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复手术患者,随机分为尼卡地平(N)组和硝普钠(S)组。观察2组降压前、降压4 min和停止降压后10 min、20 min的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、中心静脉压(CVP)和收缩压与心率乘积(RPP)的变化。结果:应用两种方法均呈现较明显的降压效果。与降压前比较,SBP、DBP明显下降(P<0.01),N组HR无显著变化,S组HR明显增快(P<0.05)。停止用药后,N组血压变化平稳,缓慢回升;S组有血压反跳现象(P<0.05)。降压4 min时,N组RPP明显下降(P<0.05),S组RPP无显著变化。CVP无显著变化。结论:尼卡地平用于夹层动脉瘤覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术中的控制性降压作用迅速,用药后对心率无显著影响,其效果优于硝普钠,特别适用于伴有冠心病行主动脉夹层腔内修复术的患者。     

Developing a Conceptual Framework of Foster Family Placement

Contemporary models of family adjustment, namely the goodness of fit model and the organizational ecology conceptual frameworks, are limited in their application to the complexities of family foster care. However, the family adjustment and adaptation response (FAAR) model exists as a viable model for research and clinical applications in family foster care. In this article we discuss the FAAR model's relative advantages in understanding family foster placement and review available studies based on specific FAAR model components. Working with foster families using the FAAR model is described. We conclude by discussing research and practice implications derived from family foster placement research based on a FAAR conceptual framework. Finally, a case example involving application of the FAAR model is offered.     

Radiographers' and students' experiences of undergraduate radiotherapy practice placement in the United Kingdom

IntroductionA three-phased, mixed-methods study was conducted to explore the experiences of undergraduate radiotherapy students and their supervising practice educators within U.K. radiotherapy practice placement.MethodsQualitative data were gathered from focus groups/interviews with volunteer participants to elicit in-depth perceptions about experiences of practice placement. Data were transcribed, verbatim, and manually coded and analysed by the researcher using the applied research methodology of framework analysis, enabling the investigation of the a priori theme ‘practice placement model’, and recommendations were made for improvement.ResultsTwo radiotherapy placement models are confirmed, i.e. the single student model, and the paired student model, and advantages and disadvantages are identified for each. Study findings suggest that neither radiotherapy model is superior to the other in terms of placement education and experience. Previous and current experience of either model appears to bias students and practice educators towards that model, despite recognition of its disadvantages.ConclusionThe experiences of students and practice educators using the radiotherapy models are consistent with the experiences of other AHPs and nursing using similar practice placement models. It is recommended that all students should have access to peer-assisted learning on placement to improve critical thinking skills, to enable time for reflection, and to consolidate learning.