长期大量饮酒对血液流变学有关指标影响

检测34名长期大量饮酒男性血液流变学有关指标,以观察长期大量饮酒对血流学指标的影响,并与38名适度饮酒者对照。结果表明,长期大量饮酒组34名男性全血低切粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原含量,显著高于适度饮酒组（P＜0．01）,血全中、高切粘度两组无显著差异。从血液流变学角度分析,全血低切粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数及纤维蛋白原含量,这些指标的高,都系血栓形成危险因子。因此血栓形成的机率、心脑血管发病危险显著也会增高。     

丙基硫氧嘧啶与甲巯咪唑治疗妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进的疗效、妊娠结局及对胎儿的影响

目的:探讨丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)与甲巯咪唑(MMI)对治疗妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进的疗效、妊娠结局以及对胎儿的影响。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年3月于我院确诊并接受治疗的90例妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进孕妇作为研究试验对象,按是否服用PTU和MMI治疗分为A、B、C组,A组采用口服PTU进行治疗,B组采用口服甲巯咪唑进行治疗,C组未服用抗甲状腺药物。对三组患者的甲状腺功能、妊娠结局以及新生儿平均体重和1min Apgar评分进行数据分析。结果:A、B组患者的游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)以及血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平均显著低于C组,A组患者的FT3、FT4和TSH的水平低于B组,数据之间具有显著性差异(P0.05);A、B组妊娠结局好于C组,数据之间具有显著性差异(P0.05),A组与B组相关指标无显著性差异(P0.05);A、B组患者胎儿的平均体重高于C组,并且1min Apgar评分也均高于C组,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。A组与B组在胎儿体重方面无显著性差异(P0.05),但在1min Apgar评分上表现出显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:丙基硫氧嘧啶与甲巯咪唑均可以显著改善妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进患者的甲状腺功能,改善妊娠结局,并可以增加胎儿体重,提高Apgar评分。     

体位干预对颅脑损伤病人颅内压的影响

综述了国内外关于体位干预对颅脑损伤病人颅内压影响的研究进展,认为防止颅内压增高所致的二次颅脑损伤和维持病人充足的脑血流量是健康管理的重点。     

Influence of tumours on normal cells and optimal chemotherapy regimens: the case of several drugs and toxicity constraints.

Cancer chemotherapy with the application of several drugs is studied. The negative and inhibiting effect of the tumour on normal cells is taken into account. Under certain hypotheses, we determine the optimal regimen that minimizes the tumour burden at the end of a fixed period of therapy while maintaining several normal cell populations above prescribed levels. More precisely, it is demonstrated that the optimal drug administration corresponds to the strategy of intensive chemotherapy.     

Distinct Influences of Neonatal Epidermal Growth Factor Challenge on Adult Neurobehavioral Traits in Four Mouse Strains

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (ErbB1) signals regulate dopaminergic development and function and are implicated in schizophrenia. We evaluated genetic effects on neurobehavioral changes induced by neonatal EGF administration, using four mouse strains. Subcutaneous EGF administration increased phosphorylation of brain ErbB1 in all strains, although DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice had lower basal phosphorylation. Neonatal EGF treatment differentially influenced physical and behavioral/cognitive development, depending on mouse strain. Prepulse inhibition was decreased in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice but not C3H/He and ddY mice. Locomotor activity was accelerated in DBA/2 mice, but reduced in ddY mice. EGF treatment enhanced fear-learning performance with a tone cue in DBA/2 mice, but decreased performance with tone and context cues in C3H/He and ddY mice, respectively. The strain-dependent behavioral sensitivity was correlated with basal ErbB1 phosphorylation. Genetic components regulating brain ErbB1 signaling strongly influence the direction and strength of behavioral responses stemming from the neonatal neurotrophic perturbation.     

Genetic and environmental influences on blood pressure and physical activity: a study of nuclear families from Muzambinho,Brazil

Blood pressure (BP) and physical activity (PA) levels are inversely associated. Since genetic factors account for the observed variation in each of these traits, it is possible that part of their association may be related to common genetic and/or environmental influences. Thus, this study was designed to estimate the genetic and environmental correlations of BP and PA phenotypes in nuclear families from Muzambinho, Brazil. Families including 236 offspring (6 to 24 years) and their 82 fathers and 122 mothers (24 to 65 years) were evaluated. BP was measured, and total PA (TPA) was assessed by an interview (commuting, occupational, leisure time, and school time PA). Quantitative genetic modeling was used to estimate maximal heritability (h²), and genetic and environmental correlations. Heritability was significant for all phenotypes (systolic BP: h² = 0.37 ± 0.10, P < 0.05; diastolic BP: h² = 0.39 ± 0.09, P < 0.05; TPA: h² = 0.24 ± 0.09, P < 0.05). Significant genetic (r_g) and environmental (r_e) correlations were detected between systolic and diastolic BP (r_g = 0.67 ± 0.12 and r_e = 0.48 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). Genetic correlations between BP and TPA were not significant, while a tendency to an environmental cross-trait correlation was found between diastolic BP and TPA (r_e = -0.18 ± 0.09, P = 0.057). In conclusion, BP and PA are under genetic influences. Systolic and diastolic BP share common genes and environmental influences. Diastolic BP and TPA are probably under similar environmental influences.     

全髋关节置换术后患者主要照顾者的负担及其影响因素

目的:调查了解全髋关节置换术(total hip replacement,THR)后患者主要照顾者的负担情况并探讨其相关影响因素.方法:采用自行设计的患者及照顾者一般情况调查表、患者自我护理评估表(ADL)、心理资本量表、社会支持评定量表(social support rating scale,SSRS)和照顾者负担问卷(caregiver burden inventory,CBI)对南方医科大学珠江医院的120名THR患者及其照顾者进行问卷调查.结果:THR患者主要照顾者的CBI得分为45.82±12.77,属于健康危险性负担;患者的CBI得分与社会支持总分及客观支持、对支持利用度的得分,以及心理资本总分及感恩奉献维度的得分呈负相关(P＜0.05);多元回归分析结果显示,患者自理能力、照顾者年龄、家庭人均月收入、照顾时间、感恩奉献、客观支持和对支持的利用度是照顾者负担的影响因素(P＜0.001),共可解释方差变异量的61.8％.结论:THR患者照顾者存在明显的照顾负担,提示临床医护人员应结合患者及其照顾者的个性特征制定有针对性的干预方案,调动社会支持力量,以减轻其照顾负担.     

自发性气胸胸腔镜术后复发情况和影响因素分析

目的分析自发性气胸患者胸腔镜术后复发现状和影响因素。方法选取我院胸外科2009年3月至2011年3月收治的218例自发性气胸胸腔镜术后患者为研究对象,采用自编问卷对自发性气胸患者胸腔镜术后情况进行调查,应用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行描述性统计和二分类Logistic回归分析并找出其复发的影响因素。结果自发性气胸患者胸腔镜术后复发率为5.05%(11/218),多因素Logistic回归分析结果示复发性气胸(OR=2.432,P=0.000)和多发肺大疱(OR=1.918,P=0.000)是自发性气胸电视胸腔镜手术后复发的危险因素。结论自发性气胸胸腔镜术后患者复发率较高,应加强复发性气胸和多发肺大疱患者管理,减少其复发,改善患者的预后。