The relationship between acculturation and oral contraceptive use among Korean immigrant women

We explored the relationship between acculturation and beliefs, attitudes, norms, and intention regarding oral contraceptive use among Korean immigrant women using acculturation and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as the frameworks. A total of 1,494 Korean surname-based telephone numbers were sampled in New York City. One hundred forty-five Korean immigrant women completed a telephone survey. The findings support the assumption that acculturation affects intention to use oral contraceptives indirectly only through one or more of the TRA components. Acculturation could function as an antecedent to changes in beliefs, attitudes, norms, and intention in this population. Acculturation assessment tools could provide health professionals insight into how to better approach this population on such culturally sensitive health issues as contraceptive use.     

Hepatitis B Testing and Vaccination Among Vietnamese- and Cambodian-Americans

We determined hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing and vaccination levels and factors associated with testing and vaccination among Vietnamese- and Cambodian-Americans. We also examined factors associated with healthcare professional (HCP)-patient discussions about HBV. We analyzed 2006 Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010 Risk Factor Survey data from four US communities. We used logistic regression to identify variables associated with HBV vaccination, testing, and HCP-patient discussions about HBV. Of the 2,049 Vietnamese- and Cambodian-American respondents, 60% reported being tested for HBV, 35% reported being vaccinated against hepatitis B, and 36% indicated that they had discussed HBV with a HCP. Cambodian-Americans were less likely than Vietnamese-Americans to have been tested for HBV, while respondents with at least a high school diploma were more likely to have been tested for HBV. Respondents born in the US, younger individuals, and respondents with at least some college education were more likely to have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. HBV testing and vaccination remain suboptimal among members of these populations. Culturally sensitive efforts that target Vietnamese- and Cambodian-Americans for HBV testing and vaccination are needed to identify chronic carriers of HBV, prevent new infections, and provide appropriate medical management. HCPs that serve these populations should be encouraged to discuss HBV with their patients.     

Development and pilot test of pictograph-enhanced breast health-care instructions for community-residing immigrant women

Current written text-based health-care instructions are not suitable for presenting lengthy, complex breast health-care instructions and are difficult for immigrant women with limited literacy skills. The aims of this study were to develop breast health-care instructions enhanced by pictographs (simple line drawings representing health-care actions) and pilot test the instructions in a sample of six immigrant women with limited literacy skills. Based on the Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, pictographs were developed in addition to low-literacy text. The text and the pictographs were then pilot tested with six immigrant women in community health centres for clarity, comprehension and acceptability through face-to-face interviews. Participants perceived that the drawings were engaging and enhanced clarity of the intended health-care messages. The black and white simple line drawings were well received by participants of varying race and ethnicity. The pictograph-based approach might be an effective tool in developing health-care instructions for immigrant women with limited literacy skills. Future research is needed to compare the effect of pictograph-enhanced instructions with written text-based instructions on adherence to instructions and health outcomes.     

广州市2004-2010年新生儿破伤风流行病学分析

目的了解广州市新生儿破伤风(NT)发病情况,确定高危人群,为消除NT策略与措施的调整提供依据。方法对广州市2004-2010年NT监测系统数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果广州市2004-2010年共报告NT病例365例,发病率为0.96‰,发病率呈逐年下降趋势,男女性别比为1.57∶1;死亡40例,病死率为10.96%,发病时间越短,病死率越高;病例主要为流动人口,特别是外省流动人口所占比例较大;全年均有病例发生,6-8月发病较多;发病时间集中在2～10d之间,4～8d为发病高峰;病例以在家由未经培训人员或家人接生为主,大部分为计划外生育,母亲均未接种过破伤风类毒素,只有少数做过产前检查。结论广州市消除NT的重点在于流动人口,要采取加强宣传教育、倡导住院分娩、提倡育龄期妇女接种破伤风类毒素、完善NT监测系统等综合防控措施,并将计划生育和消除NT的行动计划有机结合起来。     

宁夏生态移民的心理健康现况

目的:了解宁夏生态移民心理健康现况及相关因素,为促进生态移民区人群精神健康提供理论参考。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样,抽取宁夏地区≥16周岁生态移民344例,移民聚集区周边同年龄段非移民282例,运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及自编一般情况调查表入户调查,比较移民与非移民SCL-90总均分、各因子均分及两组人群心理障碍筛查阳性的差异。结果:男性移民组的SCL-90总分及抑郁、精神病性症状因子分均高于男性非移民组,女性移民组的躯体化和焦虑症状因子分均高于女性非移民组(均P0.05)。除恐怖症状外,回族移民组SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于回族非移民组;汉族移民组SCL-90总分及躯体化、人际关系、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、敌对和精神病性症状因子分均高于汉族非移民组(均P0.05)。移民组与非移民组心理障碍阳性检出率无统计学差异(33.4%vs.27.6%)。移民中女性(38.9%vs.26.6%)、回族(44.9%vs.17.8%)、≥32岁且48岁及≥48岁两组(37.6%,39.0%vs.22.9%)、独居者(48.6%vs.31.7%)的心理障碍筛查阳性检出率较高(均P0.05);非移民组中≥48岁组(43.3%vs.22.8%,10.9%)、家庭月经济收入2000元(34.5%vs.19.0%,15.7%)及独居者(43.3%vs.25.7%)心理障碍筛查阳性检出率较高(均P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,女性移民(OR=1.81)、回族移民(OR=2.61)和高年龄段移民(OR=1.68)更易产生心理健康问题;非移民人群中,未婚及独居者更易产生心理健康问题(OR=2.38)。结论:宁夏生态移民心理健康状况较非移民差,女性移民、回族移民、高年龄段移民更容易出现心理健康问题。     

Health literacy as a predictor of emergency department visits and self-rated health among Chinese immigrants: findings from an Australian survey

ObjectivesOur objectives were to examine health literacy among first-generation Chinese immigrants living in Australia, identifying health literacy domains associated with emergency department (ED) visits and self-rated health (SRH).MethodsChinese immigrants (n = 362, mean age = 59) were recruited from communities across New South Wales and surveyed for health literacy, ED visits in the past 12 months, and SRH using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (simplified Chinese version).ResultsMore than 70% of participants experienced health literacy difficulties. Health literacy was significantly lower among the following participants: older, migration at older age, recent immigrants, and those without university level education or proficient English.ED visits were independently associated with the health literacy domains lacking ‘social support for health’ (OR: 1.80; p = .031) and ‘ability to appraise health information’ (OR: 2.22; p = .005). Poor SRH was associated with the health literacy domains ‘insufficient health information’ (OR: 1.81; p = .025), ‘inactively managing health’ (OR: 1.72; p = .048), and ‘lacking ability to appraise health information’ (OR: 1.70; p = .048).ConclusionsInadequate health literacy was identified in the majority of first-generation Chinese immigrants and it had significantly association with higher prevalence of ED use and poorer SRH.Practice implicationsEarly screening and support for health literacy is critical in Chinese immigrants.     

移居拉萨正常成人心脏B超测值及其预计公式

对１８０例长期移居拉萨地区（海拔３６５８ｍ）健康成人的心脏大血管进行了Ｂ超检测，对其测值的上限作了探讨，确立了其阳性判定标准，并对４０例慢性高原心脏病患者的阳性率及健康组的阴性率进行分析，结果阳性率检出率高（９５．８％），健康组假阳性率低（８．１％），优于下范围值，适于高原地区临床应用。     

Psychosocial Distress in Patients With Advanced CKD by Racial Group and Immigrant Status: A Canadian Cross-sectional Study

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