Iatrogenic parasitic myoma: A case report and review of the literature

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible causes of iatrogenic parasitic myoma and methods to prevent its occurrence.Case reportA 27-year-old nulliparous unmarried patient underwent laparoscopic myomectomy with morcellation for a submucosal myoma at the National Taiwan University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). Seven years later, an asymptomatic pelvic tumor was noted during a regular annual follow up. Two pelvic tumors were detected and excised by laparoscopic surgery. The masses were confirmed by histopathology to be cellular leiomyomas.ConclusionIn the past 7 years, the incidence of iatrogenic parasitic myomas has increased because of the increased use of minimally invasive surgery using a morcellator. Forty-one cases of iatrogenic parasitic myoma were reviewed from 23 published studies. Parasitic myoma frequently occurs in the dependent part of the abdominal cavity, which suggests seeding of myometrial tissues during morcellation. In situ morcellation and vigorous irrigation with concomitant changes in position may decrease the incidence of retained myoma tissue in the abdomen during surgery.     

Cusp Symmetry and Coronary Ostial Eccentricity and its Impact on Coronary Access Following TAVR

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity and its impact on coronary access following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using a patient-specific commissural alignment implantation technique.BackgroundTAVR implantation techniques to obtain neocommissural alignment have been introduced. The impact of cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity on coronary access after TAVR remains unknown.MethodsCardiac computed tomographic scans from 200 tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs) and 200 type 1 bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) were studied. Cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity were assessed. In addition, the right coronary cusp/left coronary cusp and right coronary artery (RCA)/left coronary artery (LCA) ostia overlap views were calculated and compared.ResultsSevere cusp asymmetry (>135°) was more frequent in BAVs (52.5%) than in TAVs (2.5%) (P < 0.001), with the noncoronary cusp being the most common dominant cusp. The RCA ostium was found to be more often eccentric (>20°) than the LCA ostium (28% vs 6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Considering the right/left cusp overlap view, there was <20° deviation between the right coronary cusp–left coronary cusp centered line and the RCA-LCA centered line in 95% of all patients (TAV, 97%; BAV, 93%). The right/left cusp and coronary ostia overlap view differed by <10° and <20° fluoroscopic angulation in 75% and 98% of all cases, respectively.ConclusionsUsing the right/left cusp overlap view to obtain commissural alignment in TAVR is also an effective approach to implant one of the transcatheter heart valve commissures in the near center between both coronary ostia in most TAVs and type 1 BAVs. Preprocedural CT assessment remains crucial to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity.     

Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Young,Low-Risk Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is approved for all patient risk profiles and is an option for all patients irrespective of age. However, patients enrolled in the low- and intermediate-risk trials were in their 70s, and those in the high-risk trials were in their 80s. TAVR has never been systematically tested in young (<65 years), low-risk patients. Unanswered questions remain, including the safety and effectiveness of TAVR in patients with bicuspid aortic valves; future coronary access; durability of transcatheter heart valves; technical considerations for surgical transcatheter heart valve explantation; management of concomitant conditions such as aortopathy, mitral valve disease, and coronary artery disease; and the safety and feasibility of future TAVR-in-TAVR. The authors predict that balancing these questions with patients’ clear preference for less invasive treatment will become common. In this paper, the authors consider each of these questions and discuss risks and benefits of theoretical treatment strategies in the lifetime management of young patients with severe aortic stenosis.     

Risk of Coronary Obstruction During Redo-TAVR in Patients With Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the risk of coronary obstruction during redo–transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) within a previously implanted self-expanding valve in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) versus tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis.BackgroundThe prevalence of BAV in TAVR patients is expected to increase as the indication expands; however, no study has investigated the risk of coronary obstruction for future redo-TAVR in these patients.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) simulation analysis was performed in 86 type 0 BAV, 70 type 1 BAV, and 132 TAV patients who underwent TAVR with 1 VenusA-Valve (Venus Medtech) between January 2014 and December 2019.ResultsCT-identified risk of coronary obstruction during redo-TAVR was observed in 36.1% of patients for the left coronary ostium (LCO) and 27.8% of patients for the right coronary ostium (RCO); however, the incidences were significantly lower in the type 0 BAV group than in the type 1 BAV or TAV group (for LCO: OR: 1.00 [reference] vs OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.24-5.01 vs OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.40-4.81; for RCO: OR: 1.00 [reference] vs OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.02-4.48 vs OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.02-3.80). The leaflet laceration technique may be unfeasible to improve coronary flow in 61.5% of the threatened LCOs and 58.8% of the threatened RCOs during redo-TAVR. The percentages were significantly or numerically lower in the type 0 BAV group than other groups (for LCO: 26.3% vs 62.1% vs 73.2%; P overall = 0.001; for RCO: 43.8% vs 65.2% vs 61.0%; P overall = 0.374).ConclusionsDifferences in anatomical features may impact the feasibility of future redo-TAVR. Type 0 BAV anatomy was associated with the lower incidence of CT-identified risk of coronary obstruction during redo-TAVR, and the leaflet laceration technique may be more feasible to ensure coronary flow in this population.     

医源性膈疝MSCT多平面重组表现

目的 分析食管癌术后继发医源性膈疝(IDH)的MSCT多平面重组(MPR)表现,探讨其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年3月间食管癌术后继发IDH 16例.将其CT号随机混编入其他50例食管癌术后无食管裂孔(EH)扩大患者队列,由2名不知研究目的从事腹部影像诊断的高年资医师分别就横断位和MPR图像进行判断.对不同医师、不同方法判断结果及影像表现差异采用x2检验.结果 16例IDH中3例局限性于EH,横断位2例呈假“肠套叠”征,1例呈肠扭转表现;MPR直观显示肠管挤入EH顶压胸腔胃呈“壁贴壁征”.13例超出EH范围,横断位表现为胸腔内肠管于各方向汇聚于EH处胸腔胃,其中,前外、后外及前后外侧分别为9例、5例和2例,前外侧明显多于前后外侧(x2 =6.79,P＜0.05),2例并肠系膜扭转;MPR直观显示胸腔内管肠及其系膜血管通过EH与腹腔相应结构连通.由2名医师横断位提示IGH诊断分别为3例和4例,MPR全部提示IDH诊断,均显著高于横断位(x2=21.89,19.20,P值均＜0.05).结论 食管癌术后继发IDH横断位表现隐匿,仔细观察并及时辅以MPR,对诊断具有重要意义.     

Rectal puncture complicating caudal blockade in a child with severe rectal distension

We describe a case of unrecognized rectal puncture following unsuccessful caudal blockade in a patient later found to have marked rectal distension on MRI. This may have contributed to the rectal injury.     

First,Do No Harm: Adverse Effects and the Need for Practice Standards in Neurofeedback

Adverse and iatrogenic effects associated with psychotherapy have been substantiated in research for more than 40 years. Controlled research also exists in the field of neurofeedback (electroencephalographic biofeedback) that documents that negative effects can occur from inappropriate training. This article presents accumulating evidence, taken directly from acknowledgments by neurofeedback practitioners of the existence of both transient side effects and of more serious adverse reactions that have occurred. Unlicensed and unqualified practitioners pose a risk to the public and to the integrity and future of the profession. It is vitally important that both professionals and professional societies emphasize standards of practice and that the public be protected from individuals seeking to use neurofeedback to work with medical, psychiatric, and psychological conditions for which they are not qualified and licensed to work. Some in the field propose pursuing biofeedback or psychophysiology licensure as a means to establish standards of practice and address ethical concerns. This is a reasonable option to consider, although it may take many years to implement in various states. In the meantime it is vitally important that individuals offering neurofeedback services for clinical diagnostic conditions be licensed to lawfully provide services for such conditions.     

Jejunal and Bladder Perforation: Complication of Intravesical Nd-YAG Laser Irradiation of Bladder Tumour

Nd-YAG laser coagulation is a therapeutic method for the treatment of refractory superficial bladder cancer. Complications resulting from its use are uncommon. We report a case of jejunal and bladder perforation 24 h after Nd-YAG bladder irradiation of a recurrent bladder tumour.