Construction of 0D/2D Schottky Heterojunctions of ZnO and Ti3C2 Nanosheets with the Enriched Transfer of Interfacial Charges for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

The development of cost-effective co-catalysts of high photocatalytic activity and recyclability is still a challenge in the energy transformation domain. In this study, 0D/2D Schottky heterojunctions, consisting of 0D ZnO and 2D Ti₃C₂, were successfully synthesized by the electrostatic self-assembling of ZnO nanoparticles on Ti₃C₂ nanosheets. In constructing these heterojunctions, Ti₃C₂ nanosheets acted as a co-catalyst for enhancing the transfer of excitons and their separation to support the photocatalytic response of ZnO. The as-prepared ZnO/Ti₃C₂ composites demonstrate an abbreviated charge transit channel, a huge interfacial contact area and the interfacial electrons’ transport potential. The extended optical response and large reactive area of the ZnO/Ti₃C₂ composite promoted the formation of excitons and reactive sites on the photocatalyst’s surface. The ZnO/Ti₃C₂ Schottky heterojunction showed significantly high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from a water–ethanol solution under the light illumination in the visible region. The hydrogen evolution overoptimized the ZnO/Ti₃C₂ composition with 30 wt.% of Ti₃C₂, which was eight times higher than the pristine ZnO. These findings can be helpful in developing 0D/2D heterojunction systems for photocatalytic applications by utilizing Ti₃C₂ as a low-cost co-catalyst.     

Effect of H2S Corrosion on the Fracture Toughness of the X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joint

To analyze the causes and mechanisms affecting the fracture toughness of X80 pipeline steel welded joints against H₂S, the fracture toughness of different zones of X80 pipeline steel welded joints in both air and saturated H₂S solution was investigated. The fracture toughness of welded joints degraded significantly in the saturated H₂S solution, where the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) characteristic value in the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and weld metal (WM) was only 8% and 12% of that in air, respectively. However, the sub-critical grain heat-affected zone (SCHAZ) showed better resistance to H₂S corrosion, with the CTOD characteristic value reaching 42% of that in air. The resistance of the welded joint to H₂S corrosion was sensitive to microstructures. The grain boundary ferrite (GBF) presented in WM, and the angle of grain boundary orientation in CGHAZ was not conducive to hindering crack propagation. Moreover, the formation of the resultant hydrogen cracks owing to the H₂S corrosion also reduced the fracture toughness of the welded joint.     

蛋氨酸限制提高内源性H2S活性延缓衰老的机制研究进展

蛋氨酸限制(Methionine restriction,MetR)作为饮食限制的方法之一,能够改善多种无脊椎动物、啮齿类动物及包括人类灵长类动物的衰老及其相关疾病.但MetR对衰老的具体调节作用机制尚未完全明确,目前除了与饮食限制的共有机制以外,越来越多的研究表明内源性硫化氢(Endogenous hydrogen ...     

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Artificial Seawater Splitting over Amorphous Carbon Nitride: Optimization and Process Parameters Study via Response Surface Modeling

Photocatalytic water splitting has garnered tremendous attention for its capability to produce clean and renewable H₂ fuel from inexhaustible solar energy. Until now, most research has focused on scarce pure water as the source of H₂, which is not consistent with the concept of sustainable energy. Hence, the importance of photocatalytic splitting of abundant seawater in alleviating the issue of pure water shortages. However, seawater contains a wide variety of ionic components which have unknown effects on photocatalytic H₂ production. This work investigates photocatalytic seawater splitting conditions using environmentally friendly amorphous carbon nitride (ACN) as the photocatalyst. The individual effects of catalyst loading (X₁), sacrificial reagent concentration (X₂), salinity (X₃), and their interactive effects were studied via the Box–Behnken design in response surface modeling towards the H₂ evolution reaction (HER) from photocatalytic artificial seawater splitting. A second-order polynomial regression model is predicted from experimental data where the variance analysis of the regressions shows that the linear term (X₁, X₂), the two-way interaction term X₁X₂, and all the quadratic terms (X₁₂, X₂₂, X₂₃) pose significant effects towards the response of the HER rate. Numerical optimization suggests that the highest HER rate is 7.16 µmol/h, achievable by dosing 2.55 g/L of ACN in 45.06 g sea salt/L aqueous solution containing 17.46 vol% of triethanolamine. Based on the outcome of our findings, an apparent effect of salt ions on the adsorption behavior of the photocatalyst in seawater splitting with a sacrificial reagent has been postulated.     

硫化氢抑制葡萄糖调节蛋白78减轻6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞损伤

目的：探讨硫化氢（H2S）是否通过改变葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）的表达参与其对抗6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。方法应用具有神经毒性的6-OHDA损伤PC12细胞为帕金森病细胞模型,以硫氢化钠（NaHS）作为H2S的供体;应用CCK-8比色法检测细胞存活率;DFCH-DA染色检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）的水平;Rh123染色检测细胞线粒体膜电位（MMP）;Western blot检测GRP78的表达。结果200μmol/L的6-OHDA引起PC12细胞的存活率显著降低,ROS生成增加及MMP降低,且诱导了GRP78的高表达。应用25~400μmol/L的NaHS预处理30 min,呈浓度依赖性抑制6-OHDA引起的细胞存活率降低,其中400μmol/L的NaHS作用最明显,此浓度也可以显著减少6-OHDA引起的ROS增多,提高MMP,同时明显抑制6-OHDA诱导的GRP78高表达。结论 H2S具有抗6-OHDA氧化应激损伤的PC12细胞保护作用,抑制内质网应激分子GRP78的表达可能是其机制之一。     

Site selective syntheses of [3H]omeprazole using hydrogen isotope exchange chemistry

Omeprazole (Prilosec®) is a selective and irreversible proton pump inhibitor used to treat various medical conditions related to the production of excess stomach acids. It functions by suppressing secretion of those acids. Radiolabeled compounds are commonly employed in the drug discovery and development process to support efforts including library screening, target identification, receptor binding, assay development and validation and safety assessment. Herein, we describe synthetic approaches to the controlled and selective labeling of omeprazole with tritium via hydrogen isotope exchange chemistry. The chemistry may also be used to prepare tritium labeled esomeprazole (Nexium®), the active pure (S)‐enantiomer of omeprazole.     

内源性硫化氢对高肺血流大鼠肺血管重构及血管活性物质的影响

目的探讨内源性硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)对大鼠高肺血流性肺血管结构重建及血管活性肽的影响。方法♂SD大鼠32只随机分为分流组、分流+PPG(炔丙基甘氨酸,内源性H2S合成酶的抑制剂)组、对照组和对照+PPG组,每组8只。经腹主动脉-下腔静脉穿刺建立动物模型。分流4wk后,应用敏感硫电极法测定大鼠肺组织硫化氢(H2S)含量;应用放免试剂盒测定血浆中内皮素(ET-1)、心钠素(ANP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及肾上腺髓质素(ADM)的含量;观察肺小血管的显微结构变化;结果分流4wk后,大鼠肺组织H2S水平升高,肺血管结构重建,血浆ET-1、ANP、CGRP及ADM升高。PPG干预后,肺组织H2S水平降低,肺血管结构重建加重,血浆ET-1、ANP、CGRP升高,而ADM降低。结论内源性H2S对高肺血流性肺血管结构重建具有重要的保护作用,并对多种血管活性肽具有调节作用。     

Constructing Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Based on Carbon Nitride Nanosheets and Graphene Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

Although graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNs) with atomic thickness are considered as promising materials for hydrogen production, the wide band gap (3.06 eV) and rapid recombination of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs impede their applications. To address the above challenges, we synergized atomically thin CNs and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which were fabricated as 2D/0D Van der Waals heterojunctions, for H₂ generation in this study. The experimental characterizations indicated that the addition of GQDs to the π-conjugated system of CNs can expand the visible light absorption band. Additionally, the surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV) confirmed that introducing GQDs into CNs can facilitate the transport of photoinduced carriers in the melon chain, thus suppressing the recombination of charge carriers in body. As a result, the H₂ production activity of the Van der Waals heterojunctions was 9.62 times higher than CNs. This study provides an effective strategy for designing metal-free Van der Waals hetero-structured photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity.     

硫化氢对自发性高血压大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响

目的探讨硫化氢(H2S)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)主动脉平滑肌细胞(ASMC)增生的影响。方法体外培养SHR ASMC,将其分成对照组、10-5、10-4和l0-3 mol/L NaHS组,检测经H2S处理后ASMC细胞的增生指数和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性。结果与对照组相比,10-5、10-4和10-3 mol/L NaHS组增生指数显著降低(P<0.01),MAPK活性明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 H2S可抑制SHR ASMC增生和MAPK活性,推测可能通过MAPK信号途径介导。     

气体信号分子硫化氢对大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的 观察急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)时,内源性硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)生成的变化以及应用外源性H2S后对ALI的影响.方法 Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)组、硫氢化钠(sodium hydrosulfide,NaHS)+LPS组以及NaHS+生理盐水(normal saline,NS)组(n均=12).LPS组大鼠每只气管内滴注LPS(100 μg/200 μl),对照组滴注等量NS.NaHS+LPS组大鼠滴注LPS前10 min腹腔注射NaHS(28 μmol/kg).各组均于滴注后4 h和8 h测定大鼠肺系数变化,光镜下观察肺组织形态学改变,检测肺组织中氧化性损伤产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量以及支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中蛋白含量及中性粒细胞(polymorphonuclear neutrophil,PMN)计数的改变,并测定血浆中的H2S含量.结果 与对照组相比,LPS滴注4 h和8 h后,大鼠肺系数、肺组织中MDA含量、BALF中PMN数目及蛋白含量均明显升高(P值均＜0.01);而血浆中H2S含量则明显降低(P值均＜0.01);光镜下见肺泡萎陷、甚至结构消失,肺泡腔及间质弥漫性炎细胞浸润,部分肺泡代偿性气肿,且其病理改变随LPS滴注时间的延长而逐渐加重.与相应时间点的LPS组比较.NaHS+LPS组大鼠肺系数、肺组织中MDA含量、BALF中PMN数目及蛋白含量明显降低,血浆中H2S含量则明显升高(P值均＜0.01);光镜下肺间质和肺泡中炎细胞浸润程度明显减轻.结论 内源性H2S生成不足参与了ALI的形成过程,外源性H2S可以部分拮抗ALI,对肺组织起到细胞保护作用.