微创经皮空心椎弓根固定系统治疗无神经功能障碍的屈曲牵张型胸腰椎骨折

目的：探讨微创经皮空心AF椎弓根固定系统治疗无神经功能障碍的屈曲牵张型胸腰椎骨折的可行性及疗效。方法：回顾分析2008年6月至2010年6月使用经皮空心椎弓根固定系统治疗的21例无神经功能障碍的屈曲牵张型胸腰椎骨折患者临床资料,男16例,女5例,年龄23～55岁,平均32.7岁。损伤节段：T125例,L113例,L23例。所有病例ASIA分级为E级。AO分型：B1型13例,B2型8例。评估内容：平均手术时间、手术出血量、住院时间;通过X线片及CT三维重建,测量椎体前缘高度及后凸角度,观察骨折愈合情况;比较手术前后患者VAS评分,采用ODI评分从疼痛程度、日常生活自理能力、提物、行走、坐、站立、睡眠、性生活、社会活动、郊游等10个方面对疗效进行评定。结果：21例患者手术顺利,平均手术时间（109.0±16.0）min,术中出血量（90.0±15.0）ml,住院时间（7.7±2.3）d。术后无神经功能障碍及切口感染,切口皮下积液1例,切口延迟愈合1例。其中15例获得1年以上随访,平均随访时间16.7个月（12～33个月）。VAS评分由术前（8.3±1.7）分降低为末次随访时的（1.8±1.2）分（P〈0.05）,末次随访时ODI为（10.0±1.2）%;伤椎高度由术前（54.0±17.1）%恢复至术后12个月的（82.7±3.5）%（P〈0.05）,胸腰段后凸畸形由术前（23.0±13.1）°恢复至术后12个月的（6.9±5.1）°（P〈0.05）;骨折平均愈合时间为（4.7±0.3）个月;术后1个月随访和末次随访相比椎体高度和后凸矫正无明显丢失（P〉0.05）。故骨折复位满意,内固定位置良好,12月内无复位丢失。随访期间无内固定失败病例。结论：微创经皮空心椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗无神经功能障碍的屈曲牵张型胸腰段骨折是可行的。这个技术能够避免对后方韧带和骨性结构的再损伤,并可重建后方张力带结构,具有创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点。     

重视顽固性便秘外科治疗的术式选择

绝大多数顽固性便秘患者为混合型便秘。外科手术是在内科治疗失败后的最后手段。而单独为慢传输型便秘或单独为出口梗阻型便秘而设计的手术（结肠切除手术或经肛吻合器直肠切除术）其疗效均不理想。旨在同时纠正结肠慢传输和出口梗阻的混合型便秘病理生理紊乱的创新手术技术——“金陵术”（即施行结肠次全切除以解除患者慢传输的病因、同时又行升结肠直肠后壁侧侧吻合纠正盆底解剖和功能的紊乱以解除出口梗阻的病因）至今已施行500余例．随访结果显示出其近、远期疗效均满意,且腹腔镜下的金陵术目前已与开腹手术效果没有差别。对于顽固性便秘并发的特发性巨结肠。金陵术尤为适宜。肠造口术被用于多种以便秘为特征的成人和儿童患者．但其对便秘患者的应用当前并无循证医学的证据支持。肠瘘（以直肠吻合口瘘多见）是便秘外科手术最严重的并发症。一旦确诊．宜尽快施行近端回肠造口转流粪便。否则盆腔骶前的感染扩散可导致直肠吻合口挛缩狭窄。顺行结肠灌洗技术主要适应证是泻剂等保守治疗措施失败,且术前检查提示手术肯定无效、或患者无法接受（如儿童）而不能实施根治性手术者．虽然术后近期功能恢复较好,但远期并发症多,疗效逐渐丧失。     

Long-term outcome of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with bicuspidalized homografts

Objective: Given the shortage of small-sized cryopreserved homografts for right ventricle (RV) to pulmonary artery (PA) reconstructions, more readily available larger-sized homografts can be used after size reduction by bicuspidalization. The aim of our study was to determine and compare function over time of standard and bicuspidalized homografts in infants younger than 12 months, including patients with a Ross or extended Ross procedure. Methods: All consecutives infants under the age of 1 year, who underwent a surgical procedure in which a homograft was placed in the RV-PA position between January 1994 and April 2009, were included. Prospectively collected data from serial, standardized echocardiography from all patients were extracted from the database, and hospital records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 40 infants had a valved homograft conduit placed in the RV-PA position. In 20 of those patients, a bicuspidalized homograft was used. Twelve patients underwent a Ross procedure, of whom seven had an additional Konno-type aortic annulus enlargement. Median follow-up was 146 months (interquartile range (IQR), 117–170; total patient years: 178) in the group with standard use of the homograft and 95 months (IQR, 11–104; total patient years: 78) in the group with bicuspidalized conduits. Freedom from re-intervention (re-operation or percutaneous) was not different in the standard and bicuspidalized groups for all and Ross or Konno–Ross procedures (Tarone-Ware, p = 0.65 and p = 0.47, respectively). Consecutive echocardiographic maximum velocities in the right ventricular outflow tract were similar in the standard and bicuspidalized groups. Conclusion: When proper sized cryopreserved homografts for placement in the RV-PA position in Ross, Konno–Ross, and other procedures in infants under the age of 1 year are not readily available, bicuspidalized homografts provide an acceptable alternative.     

横向带蒂包皮皮管(Duckett术式)修补尿道下裂356例

目的:评价带蒂包皮皮管(Duckett术式)修补尿道下裂的疗效。方法:1995年3月至2010年12月共施行带蒂包皮皮管(Duckett术式)修复尿道下裂356例,其中年龄小于14岁的患儿324例(91.0%),修补尿道长度最长10 cm,最短1.5 cm。结果:发生尿道瘘共30例(8.4%),外口狭窄1例,吻合口狭窄1例,比较不同年龄段和不同时期手术并发症发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05),总成功率91.0%。结论:Duckett术式应是Ⅰ期治疗尿道下裂的首选方法,尤其适用于阴茎下屈需要横断并切除尿道板的患儿。     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

成人结肠脾曲综合征102例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结成人结肠脾曲综合征(syndrome of splenic flexure of colon,SSFC)的诊断与外科治疗经验.方法 对1989年7月至2010年10月收治的102例SSFC病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组病人以反复发作性腹痛、腹胀及便秘并顽固性不全结肠梗阻为主要临床表现.98例X线钡剂...     

Is complete resection of the aganglionic bowel in extensive total aganglionosis up to the middle ileum always necessary?

Background/Purpose

Total colonic aganglionosis is an unusual form of Hirschsprung disease, reflected by the small number of published case studies. The goal of this study was to analyze our cases of the last 22 years and report on our experience with 3 cases of extended total aganglionosis proximal to the middle ileum in which remaining aganglionic bowel was left in situ.

Materials and Methods

In a period of 22 years (from January 1988 to April 2010), we operated on 15 children with total aganglionosis. These children were among 163 children with Hirschsprung disease. In 3 patients with extended aganglionosis proximal to the middle ileum, remaining aganglionic bowel was left in situ. Data were collected from the medical records, including each patient's demographics, medical history, primary treatment, complications, and follow-up.

Results

Eleven of the 15 children received an ileostomy as first treatment, and 4 children underwent a primary Duhamel procedure. Early postoperative complications included an abscess after an open procedure in a patient with trisomy 21 syndrome and an incorrect leveling resection that required an ileostomy. There were 2 deaths at 6 and 16 months postoperatively. The mortality rate was 13.3%. Of the 15 patients, 7 (46%) presented with at least 1 episode of postoperative enterocolitis, and only 2 of these patients had more than 3 episodes. We treated 3 patients with extended aganglionosis up to midileum (20%) in which the proximal resection level was in the aganglionic segment of ileum at the level of the ileostomy. The ileostomies were shown to be functioning satisfactorily before the pull through, so going more proximal to the ileostomy might have meant that the patient would present short bowel problems. These 3 patients had good bowel function postoperatively.

Conclusion

In principle, resection of the aganglionic bowel is mandatory to relieve obstruction and subsequent complications. There are situations, however, where the complications of a short bowel begin to outweigh the benefits of resection. In these cases, leaving remaining aganglionic bowel in situ may be an advantageous option for the patients with total aganglionosis extending to the midileum whose ileostomy functions well.     

Unstable thoracic spine fracture with aortic encroachment: A potentially fatal association and a suggested treatment

BackgroundThe coexistence of an unstable spinal fracture with a pending aortic lesion is potentially catastrophic and a therapeutic challenge as to timing of treatment, assigning priorities and selecting the best approach.Case reportA 41 year-old healthy male victim of bike accident. Imaging revealed a fracture of 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae with a bone fragment in close proximity to the descending thoracic aorta. After consultation with spine/vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists it was decided to secure the potential aortic injury with an endovascular stent-graft followed by posterior vertebral instrumentation for fracture’s reduction.Discussion/conclusionA multi-specialists teamwork approach is mandatory. Vascular lesion is priority, followed by vertebral surgery. As to the treatment options, we suggest a “best but still safest” philosophy: endovascular repair and posterior spinal instrumentation should be considered first in the acute stage.     

Modified Boytchev procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder

Background:

More than 200 different operations have been described for the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder. The Modified Boytchev procedure employs rerouting of the detached tip of coracoid process with its attached conjoined tendon (short head of biceps and coracobrachialis) deep to subscapularis and reattaches to its anatomical location. We conducted a study on evaluation of long-term effect of modified Boytchev procedure and to compare our results with other studies published in literature.

Materials and Methods:

Since June 2002, modified Boytchev procedure was performed on 48 patients, who presented with recurrent anterior dislocation. 45 were men and 3 were women and were in the age group of 18-40 years (mean 27.83±4.95 years). Forty patients were affected on the dominant side and rest on the non-dominant side. The mean number of dislocations in these patients was 18.22±12.08. The mean followup period was 58.13±19.06 months (range 18-96 months). The patients were evaluated by visual analogue score, modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon''s Score (ASES), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score at the last followup.

Results:

All the patients regained almost preoperative range of forward flexion at the last followup. In the preoperative period the mean external rotation deficit at 0° and at 90° of abduction was 13.22°±5.16° and 18.06°±6.50°, respectively. At the last followup, the mean external rotation deficit at 0° and at 90° of abduction was 8.06°±2.47° and 8.95°±2.07°, respectively. This improvement in external rotation deficit was statistically significant (P<.05). Preoperative scores were compared with the most recent followup scores for all variables with use of a paired t test. All patients had significant improvement in visual analogue score, modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon''s Score (ASES), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score at the last followup. Four of the patients developed superficial infection which got resolved after treating with antibiotics, and two of the patients developed transient musculocutaneous nerve paresis. There was no radiological evidence of loosening and migration of coracoid screw or any glenohumeral arthritis on subsequent followup of skiagrams in any of our patients.

Conclusion:

Modified Boytchev procedure is an efficacious and technically simple procedure to treat recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder.     

慢传输型便秘外科不同手术方法的疗效观察与评价

目的 对慢传输型便秘患者采用3种外科手术方法,观察其临床疗效.方法 回顾性的总结2001年8月至2006年5月手术治疗的22例慢传输型便秘患者的资料.结果 A组:采用选择性结肠肠段切除术治疗5例,术后半年内随访,3例大便正常,但有2例便秘复发.B组:采用结肠次全切除和部分直肠切除,行盲直肠吻合术治疗8例,有1例术后半年内便秘复发,其他患者术后半年内排便次数为3～7次/d. C组: 采用全结肠和部分直肠切除,行回直肠吻合术治疗9个病例.患者在术后半年内排便次数为3～8次/d,无一例复发.结论 全结肠和部分直肠切除,行回、直吻合术,是目前治疗慢传输型便秘的首选术式,疗效可靠.