Photoreduction of Copper Ions Using Silica–Surfactant Hybrid and Titanium (IV) Oxide under Sulfuric Acid Conditions

Photoreduction of Cu²⁺ ions to Cu metal by titanium(IV) oxide (TiO₂) was conducted in the presence of a silica–surfactant hybrid under sulfuric acid conditions. After irradiation, a dark-red color, reflections due to Cu metal in the X-ray diffraction pattern, and peaks due to Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum indicated the precipitation of Cu metal in the product. In addition, an increase in the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area from 36 and 45 m²/g for the silica–surfactant and TiO₂, respectively, to 591 m²/g for the product, and a decrease in the intensity of the C-H stretching band in the Fourier–transform infra-red spectra implied the removal of surfactant during the reaction. These characteristics were never observed when TiO₂ was used solely. Therefore, this study indicated that the photoreduction of Cu²⁺ ions to Cu metal by TiO₂ was facilitated under the sulfuric acid medium, where the surfactants extracted from silica–surfactant hybrids by protons in the acidic condition were successfully photo-oxidized by TiO₂. Thus, this study presents a new application of the conversion of a silica–surfactant hybrid into mesoporous silicas.     

Reduction of Hysteresis in Hybrid Perovskite Transistors by Solvent-Controlled Growth

The effect of crystallization process speed on the morphology of solution-processed methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) thin films is investigated. Crystallization speed is controlled by varying the number of annealing steps, temperature, and resting time between steps. The resting period allows solvent-controlled growth (SCG) in which crystallization progresses slowly via an intermediate phase—during which solvents slowly evaporate away from the films. SCG results in fewer residues, fewer pinholes, and larger grain sizes. Consequently, thin-film transistors with SCG MAPbI₃ exhibit smaller hysteresis in their current-voltage characteristics than those without, demonstrating the benefits of SCG toward hysteresis-free perovskite devices.     

Analysis of Mechanical Properties Related to Fiber Length of Closed-Loop-Recycled Offcuts of a Thermoplastic Fiber Composites (Organo Sheets)

Increasing demand for energy-efficient means of transport has steadily intensified the trend towards lightweight components. Thermoplastic glass fiber composites (organo sheets) play a major role in the production of functional automotive components. Organo sheets are cut, shaped and functionalized by injection molding to produce hybrid components, such as those used in car door modules. The cutting process produces a considerable amount of production waste, which has thus far been thermally recycled. This study develops a closed mechanical recycling process and analyzes the different steps of the process. The offcuts were shredded using two shredding methods and implemented directly in the injection-molding process. Using tensile tests and impact bending tests, the material properties of the recycled materials were compared with the virgin material. In addition, fiber length degradation via the injection-molding process and the influence of the waterjet-cutting process on the mechanical properties are investigated. Recycled offcuts are both comparable to new material in terms of mechanical properties and usability, and are also economically and ecologically advantageous. Recycling polypropylene waste with glass fiber reinforcement in a closed loop is an effective way to reduce industrial waste in a sustainable and economical production process.     

Memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane) blocks the serotonin-induced depolarization response in a neuronal cell line

The influence of memantine on several properties of a neuronal cell line was tested. The aim was to get some insight into possible mechanisms of action of this drug which is therapeutically applicable in treatment of spasticity, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral coma. In neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells, memantine, at micromolar concentrations, blocked the depolarization induced by iontophoretically applied serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). In the hybrid cells, receptors of the 5-HT3 type mediated the depolarization, which was frequently accompanied by a series of action potentials. The inhibition by memantine of the serotonin response occurred fast and was completely reversible, irrespective of whether the cell showed a stable membrane potential or spontaneous action potentials. However, memantine did not alter spontaneous or electrically evoked action potential activity in the hybrid cells, and apparently did not block the underlying ionic conductances. Furthermore memantine did not affect either the cation permeability activated by substance P in the hybrid cells or the K+ channel triggered by bradykinin in a glioma cell line. Thus, memantine appears specifically to suppress the ion channel opened by serotonin in the hybrid cells. The interaction of memantine with serotonin receptors and the associated ion channels reported here, might give an important clue, as to a site of action of memantine in the nervous system.     

Time-Dependent Seismic Performance of Coastal Bridges Reinforced with Hybrid FRP and Steel Bars

To increase the durability and seismic resilience of coastal bridges, a hybrid reinforced concrete (HRC) bridge that incorporates both glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and steel bars is proposed. The time-dependent seismic performance of the HRC bridge is comprehensively investigated at three levels, namely the material, bridge column and bridge structure levels. First, the decrease of tensile strength of GFRP bars over time is analyzed based on the Arrhenius theory, and corrosion initiation time and performance deterioration of steel bars are determined by Fick’s second law and an empirical formula. Second, an efficient finite element modeling method for aging HRC bridge columns is proposed. Simulation of the compression/tension behavior and the fracture failure of the GFRP bar is described. Hysteretic analysis is further conducted to investigate the time-dependent energy dissipation, ductility, residual displacement, bearing capacity and post-yield stiffness ratio. Meanwhile, comparisons of HRC bridge columns to reinforced concrete (RC) references are provided. Third, the seismic demand and damage evolution of deteriorated HRC bridge structures are investigated through dynamic time-history analysis. The results indicate that the corrosion-resistant GFRP bars contribute to improving the bearing capacity and to reducing the residual displacement of the HRC bridge. With an increase in service time, the seismic damage to the bridge column, abutment and expansion bearing increases, but the damage to fixed bearing decreases. Research results presented herein show that the HRC bridge is a promising alternative structure scheme in the marine environment.     

英国伦理委员会的现状与分析

伦理委员会的主要职责是保护药物临床试验受试者的权益、安全和健康.现对英国伦理委员会的法律、法规、申请及审评程序等进行归纳分析,旨在对规范我国伦理委员会的运作具有参考借鉴作用.     

提高犬交感神经相关房颤模型建模成功率的新方法

目的对传统实验过程中犬的星状神经节暴露的方法进行改良,建立一种新的暴露犬星状神经节方法,提高交感神经相关房颤模型建模的成功率。方法成年犬28只,随机分为传统组和改良组,每组14只,分别使用传统和改良后的方法分离暴露星状神经节。28只犬均建立交感神经相关房颤模型。术中记录犬生命体征变化和术中生存率,记录刺激星状神经节所需电压,记录刺激前、后心脏电生理的变化。免疫组化检测神经递质释放情况。结果改良组术中存活率较传统组术中存活率显著升高,P0.05。改良组手术时间较传统组明显缩短,P0.05。刺激改良组神经达到阈值所需电压较传统组更小,P0.05。结论改良后的手术方法能够有效的降低犬在手术过程中的死亡率,明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,星状神经节结构更完整,持续刺激过程中所需电压更稳定,更适合用于建立交感神经相关房颤模型。     

角形切口设计和愈合方式与下颌阻生智齿拔除术后并发症

目的:探讨两种角形切口设计和愈合方式对下颌阻生智齿拔除术后并发症的影响。方法:采用分口设计,共纳入60例患者(120侧)。所有患者均有双侧埋伏阻生下颌智齿,且双侧阻生方式相同。按照牙冠是否完全骨埋伏将患者分为A组(冠完全骨埋伏,30例)和B组(冠部分骨埋伏,30例)。一侧采用角形瓣,术后一期缝合完全关闭创口(triangular flap-primary healing,TF-P);对侧采用改良角形瓣,缝合后在第二磨牙远中遗留三角形的牙龈缺损,二期愈合(modified triangular flap-secondary healing,MTF-S)。所有手术由同一医师完成。术后第1天、第3天和第7天复查,检测术后疼痛(VAS评分和布洛芬用量)、肿胀和张口受限程度。术后6个月复查,检查第二磨牙远中探诊深度(probing depth,PD)。配对t检验对比两种方案在术后疼痛、肿胀和开口受限方面的差异。结果:A组中,术后第1天和第3天,MTF-S方案疼痛、肿胀程度低于TF-P方案(P<0.05);术后第1天、第3天和第7天MTF-S方案张口受限程度低于TF-P方案(P<0.05)。B组中,两种方案在术后疼痛、肿胀和张口受限方面差异无统计学意义,但术后第4天,MTF-S方案侧疼痛有加重趋势。术后6个月第二磨牙远中探诊,A、B两组中两种方案的PD差异无统计学意义。结论:MTF-S方案能够减轻完全骨埋伏下颌智齿拔除术后的并发症;术后6个月,两种方案在第二磨牙远中PD方面差异无统计学意义。