32P-玻璃微球瘤内注射抗肿瘤作用及对外周血白细胞的影响

目的观察32 P-玻璃微球(32 P-GMS)的抑瘤效果及对外周血白细胞的影响。方法称重法检测32 P-GMS对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑瘤率及对外周血白细胞计数和淋巴细胞分类的影响。结果 32P-GMS瘤内注射的抑瘤率分别为15.2%、20.4%、32.5%;治疗组小鼠随32P-GMS剂量的增大,白细胞呈明显的上升趋势;各治疗组淋巴细胞分类百分率高于对照组,剂量超过0.74MBq/mL有开始下降的趋势。结论 32 P-GMS瘤内注射有很强的抗肿瘤作用,但对外周血白细胞计数和淋巴细胞分类有明显影响。     

多层螺旋CT在活动性菌阴肺结核诊断中的价值

目的分析活动性菌阴肺结核的螺旋CT表现,探讨螺旋CT在活动性菌阴肺结核的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析196例多层螺旋CT诊断活动性菌阴肺结核的CT表现,统计、分析入选病例的CT影像资料。结果 182例确诊为活动性菌阴肺结核(A组),准确率(92.9%):"树芽征"115例(63.2%),"腺泡结节"130例(71.4%),"磨玻影"81例(44.5%),"空洞"35例(19.2%);14例经临床诊治,排除活动性菌阴肺结核诊断(B组):"树芽征"3例(21.4%),"腺泡结节"3例(21.4%),"磨玻影"2例(14.3%),空洞3例(21.4%)。结论在多层螺旋CT诊断中,"树芽征"、"腺泡结节"、"磨玻影",结合肺部其它病灶的形态、分布特点,可以提高活动性菌阴肺结核诊断的准确率。     

浅谈现浇钢筋混凝土空心楼盖设计

钢筋混凝土因其原材料广泛,技术成熟,造价低廉,具有很强的生命力,是我国运用最广泛的结构形式。但是,这种传统的结构形式对自重、大空间、灵活隔断等方面具有一定的限制,因此,现浇混凝土空心楼盖结构因其具有该方面优点而逐渐被越来越多地运用。针对该种结构形式,结合工程实例,介绍该结构体系的设计方法,对设计人员进行该结构形式的设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

聚β-环糊精微球的制备及结构表征

目的研究聚β-环糊精微球（β-CDP微球）的制备方法、优化合成工艺,并对其进行结构表征。方法采用反相乳液聚合技术制备β-CDP微球,通过正交设计,以产率和粒径作为评价指标,判断各种因素对实验结果的影响。结果制备β-CDP微球的最佳工艺条件为：交联剂（EPI）的用量为EPI：β-CD=15：1（摩尔比）,交联聚合时间为1．5h,乳化剂用量为Span80：Tween20=3：1（质量比）,搅拌速度为800r／min。结论所建立的聚β-CDP微球处方工艺重现性良好。     

对肝硬化腹水进行净化并超滤浓缩的实验研究

[目的]净化和优化肝硬化腹水使其更有利于浓缩回输治疗。[方法]采用CA/PEI亲和膜去除腹水胆红素、内毒素,并采用聚砜中空纤维膜超滤浓缩腹水,用内毒素测定仪、生化自动分析仪和免疫分析仪测定过膜前后各项指标。[结果]CA/PEI亲和膜吸咐前后腹水中的胆红素、内毒素均明显下降（P〈0.01）;胆红素吸附前（51.77±11.76）μmol/L;吸附后（21.18±6.83）μmol/L;内毒素吸附前（3.777±0.233）EU/mL,吸附后（0.341±0.322）EU/mL。白蛋白、离子、免疫球蛋白均无明显变化（P〉0.05）。腹水超滤浓缩5.5～6.5倍,蛋白质浓缩4.7～6.5倍,免疫球蛋白浓缩3倍,但离子无变化。[结论]用CA/PEI亲和膜可去除胆红素、内毒素,用聚砜中空纤维膜超滤浓缩能使腹水得到净化和蛋白浓缩。     

Removal of a broken intramedullary femoral nail with an unusual pattern of breakage: a case report

To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases, including the present case, have been reported with a three part broken pattern. However, this is the first case associated with a distal locking screw broken. We report the case of a 31-year-old patient who sustained an open femoral shaft fracture . The fracture was stabilized with a Kuntcher femoral nail. After 7 months of the initial surgery he presented with a three part broken intramedullary nail and the distal locking screw broken. We used a combined technique for the removal of the nail through the nonunion fracture site; we used a pull out technique for the middle fragment and a curved thin hook for the distal fragment. Then we applied bone allograft and stabilized with a cannulated intramedullary femoral nail (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland). After 2 years of follow up the nonunion was consolidated and the patient presented a good clinical outcome. This is of particular interest because it is a unique case and the association with a broken distal locking screw is reported for the first time in this study. A combination of methods through the nonunion site approach and an alternative instrumental is a good method for the removal of a hollow femoral intramedullary nail with this unusual pattern of breakage.     

Antifogging effects of a socket-type device with the superhydrophilic, titanium dioxide–coated glass for the laparoscope

Background Lens fogging during laparoscopic surgery extensively deteriorates operative field visibility and may provoke serious complications. Methods A simulation model study was conducted using a conventional laparoscope, a conventional laparoscope plus heating (100°C, 10 s), a conventional laparoscope plus surfactant, and a conventional laparoscope plus both a titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated glass (with ≥15 h of preoperative ultraviolet irradiation) and a water supply. For each, the time from laparoscope insertion into the peritoneal cavity to fogging-induced interruption of surgery was measured. Results The TiO₂-coated glass had unique verified properties of exerting antifogging effects on the oil film after 15 or more hours of previous ultraviolet irradiation, and of inversely accelerating fogging after less than 15 h of previous ultraviolet irradiation. The clinical study showed later fogging with the TiO₂-coated glass model, which successfully completed surgery without retraction of the laparoscope from the peritoneal cavity, as compared with the other models. Conclusion An antifogging device using superhydrophilic TiO₂-coated glass was very effective in preventing fogging during laparoscopic surgery.     

Development of PTH eluting microspheres for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) replacement has been demonstrated to be superior to conventional treatment with calcium supplementation and vitamin D analogs for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. In this investigation we evaluated the feasibility of using PTH microsphere encapsulation as a potential delivery system for PTH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the spontaneous emulsion technique, PTH microspheres were created by encapsulating PTH (1-34) in a copolymer of polyglycolic and polylactic acid (PLGA). Additional microspheres were constructed by coencapsulating calmodulin with PTH (1-34) in the PLGA microspheres. Microsphere production was confirmed using electron microscopy. PTH release was measured in vitro using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The bioactivity of PTH released from the microspheres was confirmed in vivo using a hypoparathyroid rat model by measuring serum calcium concentrations before and 3 h after subcutaneous injection of PTH microspheres. RESULTS: PTH microsphere and PTH/calmodulin microspheres could be created using the spontaneous emulsion technique. Physiologically significant PTH release was measured in vitro for 20 days. PTH release was calcium sensitive and exhibited negative feedback. This effect was augmented by coencapsulation with calmodulin. PTH released from the microspheres caused a significant rise in serum calcium levels from an average of 6.35 (6.19-6.48 mg/dL) to 8.55 mg/dL (8.22-8.73). PTH released from the PTH/calmodulin microspheres resulted in an increase in serum calcium from a mean of 6.8 (6.7-6.9 mg/dL) to 8.1 mg/dL (7.8-8.2). CONCLUSIONS: The PLGA microspheres can be used to provide calcium sensitive controlled release of biologically active PTH and offer a potential mean of providing biomimetic hormone replacement therapy.     

Reliability of body temperature measurements in hospitalised older patients

Aims and objectives. To compare different body temperature assessment methods in older people and to assess the role of cognitive and functional characteristics in temperature recordings. Background. Axillary gallium‐in‐glass thermometers are commonly used. Their accuracy depends on the proper placement of the device and their permanence in place for eight minutes. With adequate instruction, well‐functioning patients can measure their axillary temperature by themselves, while in cognitively and functionally impaired older people, inadequate understanding of instructions and misplacement of the thermometer might determine significant recording errors. Electronic ear and axillary temperature measurements are faster, but their accuracy has not been demonstrated convincingly with older people. Methods. Patients (n = 107; aged 65–104 years) were recruited. Barthel Index and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) scores were obtained for each patient. Temperature readings were obtained using: the axillary gallium‐in‐glass thermometer, with (T_nurse) and without (T_self) the nurse's assistance; the electronic axillary thermometer (T_el) and the infrared tympanic thermometer (T_tymp). The T_nurse was considered as the reference method. Results. Mean difference and standard deviation (mean ± SD) in temperature recordings between the different techniques and T_nurse differed significantly from zero for T_self (?0·40 SD 0·42) and T_tymp (+0·19 SD 0·48). No significant differences in temperature recordings emerged between T_nurse and T_el. In simple linear regression models, the difference between T_self and T_nurse significantly correlated with age, gender, SPMSQ score and Barthel Index. Multiple linear regression analysis showed an underestimation of body temperature in older patients with cognitive impairments. Conclusion. Unassisted gallium‐in‐glass axillary temperature assessment is inadequate, in older patients. The differences between T_self and T_nurse are significantly influenced by age and mental decline. T_el provides adequate accuracy. Relevance to clinical practice. In geriatric settings, the electronic axillary thermometer is a safe and accurate alternative to the more traditional gallium‐in‐glass thermometer, with the advantage of saving time (five seconds in recording vs. eight minutes).