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The Genome Clinic: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges of Integrating Genomic Analysis into Clinical Care
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Our increasing knowledge of how genomic variants affect human health and the falling costs of whole‐genome sequencing are driving the development of individualized genetic medicine. This new clinical paradigm uses knowledge of an individual's genomic variants to guide health care decisions throughout life, to anticipate, diagnose, and manage disease. While individualized genetic medicine offers the promise of transformative change in health care, it forces us to reconsider existing ethical, scientific, and clinical paradigms. The potential benefits of presymptomatic identification of at risk individuals, improved diagnostics, individualized therapy, accurate prognosis, and avoidance of adverse drug reactions coexist with the potential risks of uninterpretable results, psychological harm, outmoded counseling models, and increased health care costs. Here, we review the challenges of integrating genomic analysis into clinical practice and describe a prototype for implementing genetic medicine. Our multidisciplinary team of bioinformaticians, health economists, ethicists, geneticists, genetic counselors, and clinicians has designed a “Genome Clinic” research project that addresses multiple challenges in genomic medicine—ranging from the development of bioinformatics tools for the clinical assessment of genomic variants and the discovery of disease genes to health policy inquiries, assessment of clinical care models, patient preference, and the ethics of consent. 相似文献
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目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠模型肝外脏器胰腺、肾脏的组织学病理变化情况。方法将20只SD大鼠中的6只首先按完全随机配对分配到观察组(B组),将剩下的14只按体质量配对成7个区组,最后将每个区组中的1只大鼠按随机数字表分配到实验组(C组),其余7只为对照组(A组)。B组和C组给予高脂饮食,A组给予普通饮食。B组于实验第4、8、12周各处死2只,提取肝脏组织行HE染色,显微镜下观察肝脏病理切片是否达到脂肪性肝炎,第12周末建模成功(提示C组建模成功)。处死A组和C组全部大鼠,分别检测血清学指标ALT、AST、GGT、TG、TC、LDL、GLU、INS、HOMA-IR,取肝脏组织行HE染色;胰腺组织行HE染色观察大鼠胰腺腺泡和胰岛变化情况;肾脏组织行PAS染色,免疫组织化学desmin蛋白染色观察肾小球和足细胞desmin表达情况。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验。结果C组大鼠病理评分及血清ALT、GGT、LDL、TG、TC、GLU、INS、HOMAIR水平均高于A组(t值分别为4.67、2.83、2.34、4.58、4.78、3.00、2.97、3.80、4.10,P值均<0.05)。高脂组从第4周开始到第12周末肝脏病理改变为:肝小叶结构逐渐破坏,肝细胞胞浆内的小脂肪空泡逐渐转变为大脂肪空泡,汇管区逐渐出现炎症细胞浸润。高脂组第12周末胰腺病理改变为:胰腺腺泡细胞开始出现凋亡,萎缩,胰岛细胞未见明显异常。高脂组第12周末肾脏病理改变为:PAS染色阳性物质明显增多,肾小球体积增大,肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚,毛细血管袢排列紊乱,系膜区增生明显;肾小管上皮细胞肿胀,部分管腔狭窄。高脂组肾组织免疫组化:肾小球足细胞desmin表达增强。结论高脂饮食诱导大鼠成功构建大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型;大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型可能导致胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡、萎缩;肾脏肾小球体积增大,毛细血管基底膜增厚,系膜增生,足细胞损伤。 相似文献
64.
S Desai T Diener BJ-K Tan NJ Lowry C Talukdar WM Chrusch S Wiebe 《The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology》2014,25(4):227-228
The present article reports a case involving an immunocompetent, previously well child who, despite two previous doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine, developed severe flaccid paralysis consistent with polio after receiving oral polio vaccine. 相似文献
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Makoto Uchino Satoshi Yamashita Katsuhisa Uchino Akira Mori Akio Hara Tomohiro Suga Tomoo Hirahara Tatsuya Koide En Kimura Taro Yamashita Akihiko Ueda Ryoichi Kurisaki Junko Suzuki Shoji Honda Yasushi Maeda Teruyuki Hirano Yukio Ando 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2013
Objective
The characteristic pathological muscular findings of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) have been shown to reflect their different pathogeneses. Here, we characterized the muscle biopsy findings of PM and DM patients with or without malignancy.Methods
We evaluated the muscle biopsy findings of 215 consecutive PM and DM patients admitted to our hospital between 1970 and 2009. Pathology of the lesion biopsy sections was classified into 3 types: endomysial infiltration-type, perivascular infiltration-type, and rare-infiltrative-type.Results
There was no difference between the muscle pathology of PM patients with and without malignancy. However, the incidence of rare-infiltrative type muscle pathology in DM patients with malignancy was significantly higher than in those without such tumors (p = 0.0345).Conclusion
The incidence of rare-infiltrative type muscle pathology may be a predictive marker of DM with malignancy. 相似文献69.
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major complication in renal failure patients, but very little information is available on the cardiovascular parameters in these patients. The prevalence and risk factors for PAH were systematically evaluated in patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2014, 177 ESRD patients (85 males and 92 females) undergoing CAPD therapy were recruited. General data, biochemical parameters and echocardiographic findings were collected and PAH risk factors studied. Results: Study participants consisted of 65 patients (36.52%) with PAH (PAH group) and 112 patients without PAH (non-PAH group). The interdialytic weight gain, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure and hypertensive nephropathy incidence in the PAH group were significantly higher than the non-PAH group (all p?0.05). There were significant differences between PAH group and non-PAH group in C-reactive protein-positive rate, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), hemoglobin, prealbumin and serum albumin levels (all p?0.05). Compared with non-PAH group, PAH group showed significant increases in right ventricular internal diameter (RVID), right ventricular outflow tract diameter (RVOTD), main pulmonary artery diameter, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular mass index, early diastolic mitral annulus velocity and valve calcification incidence (all p?0.05), and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and early diastolic blood flow peak and mitral annulus velocity (E/E’) (all p?0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E’ are major risk factors for PAH. Conclusion: We observed a high incidence of PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E’ are high-risk factors for PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD. 相似文献
70.
MJ Ramdass P Harnarayan N Mooteeram A Nath V Naraynsingh S Budhooram T Dookie R Henry 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2014,96(2):121-126