The first histopathological evidence of trimetazidine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy

Aim: We aimed to investigate the prophylactic effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in rat kidneys. Methods and results: 28 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 7 rats each (control (C), contrast media (CM) TMZ, trimetazidin?+?contrast media groups (TMZ?+?CM). The administration of TMZ solution was done on d2, d3 and d4. Fifth day, contrast media was administered at a single dose. On d6 scarification was performed. The oxidant/antioxidant parameters were measured and histopathological scores were performed in kidney tissues. Most of the histopathological scores were significantly higher in the CM group as compared to other groups. Moreover, the scores of the TMZ?+?CM and C groups were not statistically different. CM group, had significantly higher levels of MDA compared to the C and CM?+?TMZ groups (562.82?±?38.15 vs. 419.15?±?49.01 and 507.34?±?14.16 01?nmol/mg protein respectively) (p?0.001). CM group had significantly lower levels of SOD as compared to C, CM?+?TMZ and TMZ groups (p?0.05). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time, histopathologically demonstrated the effectiveness of TMZ for the prevention of CIN.     

Congenital lung malformations in the second trimester: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and pathologic findings

PURPOSE: To correlate prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cystic lung malformations with fetopathologic findings after termination of pregnancy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 16 terminated cases in which a cystic lung lesion was diagnosed pre- or postnatally. RESULTS: On average, prenatal diagnosis was established on the 21(st) gestational week (range, 19-26 weeks). The cause of termination was severe polyhydramnios in 4 cases, nonimmune fetal hydrops in 4 cases, other congenital malformation in 5 cases (renal malformation, 2 cases; congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 3 cases), and obstetrical conditions (intrauterine death, placental abruption, spontaneous abortion) in 3 cases. In 11 cases, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) was the presumptive prenatal diagnosis. Autopsy confirmed the prenatal diagnosis in 6 of them, while in the other 5 cases, an enteric cyst, a laryngeal atresia, an unidentified tumor, a pulmonary hypoplasia, and an extralobar pulmonary sequestration were found on histologic examination. On the other hand, the autopsy revealed CCAM in those 5 cases in which other malformations were suggested prenatally. CONCLUSION: The prenatal sonographic diagnosis of CCAM is difficult. Our cases emphasize the important role of fetopathology even today in the verification of prenatal diagnosis based on sonographic examinations.     

肘关节滑膜性骨软骨瘤病术后复发影像学表现1例

目的：原发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病又称滑膜软骨化生,非常罕见,是发生在关节囊、滑囊和腱鞘滑膜的慢性关节病,非常罕见,病因不明,可能与外伤有关。结果好发于30~50岁男性,以膝关节发生率最高,占68.99%,其次为髋关节、肩关节、肘关节、踝关节等,常单侧关节发病,双侧少见。结论临床表现为受累的关节肿胀,疼痛明显,关节穿刺可抽出积液。以手术治疗为主,需摘除关节腔内游离体,同时需广泛切除病变的滑膜,该病复发率较高。     

Utility of high-resolution computed tomography for predicting risk of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Background

To diagnose sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is difficult and the ability of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for diagnosing PTB has remained unclear in the sputum smear-negative setting. We retrospectively investigated whether or not this imaging modality can predict risk for sputum smear-negative PTB.

Methods

We used HRCT to examine the findings of 116 patients with suspected PTB despite negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). We investigated their clinical features and HRCT-findings to predict the risk for PTB by multivariate analysis and a combination of HRCT findings by stepwise regression analysis. We then designed provisional HRCT diagnostic criteria based on these results to rank the risk of PTB and blinded observers assessed the validity and reliability of these criteria.

Results

A positive tuberculin skin test alone among clinical laboratory findings was significantly associated with an increase of risk of PTB. Multivariate regression analysis showed that large nodules, tree-in-bud appearance, lobular consolidation and the main lesion being located in S1, S2, and S6 were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTB. Stepwise regression analysis showed that coexistence of the above 4 factors was most significantly associated with an increase in the risk for PTB. Ranking of the results using our HRCT diagnostic criteria by blinded observers revealed good utility and agreement for predicting PTB risk.

Conclusions

Even in the sputum smear-negative setting, HRCT can predict the risk of PTB with good reproducibility and can select patients having a high probability of PTB.     

Modified Histopathological Protocol for Poly-ɛ-Caprolactone Scaffolds Preserving Their Trabecular,Honeycomb-like Structure

Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) is now widely studied in relation to the engineering of bone, cartilage, tendons, and other tissues. Standard histological protocols can destroy the carefully created trabecular and honeycomb-like architecture of PCL scaffolds, and could lead to scaffold fibers swelling, resulting in the displacement or compression of tissues inside the scaffold. The aim of this study was to modify a standard histopathological protocol for PCL scaffold preparation and evaluate it on porous cylindrical PCL scaffolds in a rat model. In 16 inbred Wag rats, 2 PCL scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously to both inguinal areas. Two months after implantation, harvested scaffolds were first subjected to μCT imaging, and then to histopathological analysis with standard (left inguinal area) and modified histopathological protocols (right inguinal area). To standardize the results, soft tissue percentages (STPs) were calculated on scaffold cross-sections obtained from both histopathological protocols and compared with corresponding µCT cross-sections. The modified protocol enabled the assessment of almost 10× more soft tissues on the scaffold cross-section than the standard procedure. Moreover, STP was only 1.5% lower than in the corresponding µCT cross-sections assessed before the histopathological procedure. The presented modification of the histopathological protocol is cheap, reproducible, and allows for a comprehensive evaluation of PCL scaffolds while maintaining their trabecular, honeycomb-like structure on cross-sections.     

The protective impact of adapted trimebutine maleate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for alleviating the severity of acute colitis

Nanoparticles for colon-drug delivery were designed and evaluated to solve many discrepancy issues such as high adverse effects of released drugs, insufficient drug amount at diseased areas, and unintentionally premature drug release to noninflamed GIT regions. Herein, the goal of this work was to convert trimebutine maleate (TMB) into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in order to improve its protective effects in ulcerative colitis. NLC of TMB was prepared by the hot homogenization followed by ultra-sonication method. A full 4²-factorial design was used to estimate the produced TMB-NLC. The study design included the exploration of the impact of two independent variables namely lipid mix amount and ratio (glyceryl mono stearate and capryol 90), surfactant concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%), on the particle size, polydispersity index, and the entrapment efficiency (EE%). The protective activity of F9 was examined through macroscopical scores, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical localization of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and examination of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Consistent with our expectations, the orally administered optimized formula (F9) alleviated the severity of colitis in acetic acid-induced rat model of colitis likely owing to the controlled release compared to free TMB. We aimed to develop TMB-loaded NLC for the treatment of acute colitis with the goal of providing a superior drug safety profile over long-term remission and maintenance therapy.     

核磁共振在小脑细胞瘤中的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨核磁共振在小脑细胞瘤中的诊断价值。方法选取2016年4月～2017年12月我院收治的小脑血管母细胞瘤患者36例,采用磁共振成像设备GE SIGNA EXCITE 1.5T高场强机对所有患者进行核磁共振检查,然后分析36例患者小脑血管母细胞瘤的分布与分类情况、影像学表现、核磁共振扫描特点。结果 36例患者中,在小脑血管母细胞瘤部位方面,右脑小脑半球18例,左脑小脑半球12例,小脑蚯蚓部4例,累积多部位2例,分别占总数的50.0%、33.3%、11.1%、5.6%;在分类方面,大囊小结节型20例,实质型10例,单纯囊型6例,分别占总数的55.5%、27.8%、16.7%。肿瘤肿块直径1.8～5.5 cm,平均(3.7±0.6)cm。有轻微水肿存在于一些肿瘤周围,其中主要为实质型,占位效应较轻。伴四脑室受压或移位24例,占总数的66.7%,均发生一定程度的脑水肿并发症。结论核磁共振在小脑细胞瘤中的诊断价值高。