食管癌高低发区人群食管粘膜组织病理学研究

目的探讨食管癌高、低发区人群食管粘膜上皮组织学改变，为癌前病变防治提供依据。方法高（林州市）、低发区（范县、清丰县）分别取无症状居民食管活检２２９人和１８７人，均分为４组，２５岁～３４岁、３５岁～４４岁、４５岁～５４岁及≥５５岁，常规石蜡ＨＥ制片，按标准诊断归类。结果高、低发区食管上皮萎缩、棘层肥厚、炎细胞浸润相应年龄组比较无显著差异，基底细胞增生高发区３５岁～４４岁、４５岁～５４岁组显著大于低发区相应组（Ｐ＝０．０３１２，Ｐ＝０．０２７３），非典型增生４５岁～５４岁、≥５５岁组高发区显著大于低发区相应组（Ｐ＝０．０１９６，Ｐ＝０．０２６３）。高、低发区总体人群比较除棘层肥厚、炎细胞浸润无差异外，余各病变间均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论食管上皮萎缩、基底细胞增生应作为较狭义的癌前病变对待，食管上皮棘层肥厚、炎细胞浸润似与食管癌变无关。     

Virological, biochemical and histological effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon in Swedish patients with chronic hepatitis C

Thirty-eight Swedish patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomly assigned to receive either 3 million units (MU) or 5MU of human lymphoblastoid interferon-α-n1 (Wellferon) three times per week for either 6 or 12 months. The patients were monitored biochemically, histologically and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for circulating HCV RNA, during therapy and for the following year. Overall, 22 (58%) of the patients lost detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia during therapy but eight of these patients relapsed during follow-up, leaving 14 (37%) sustained responders. Patients infected with HCV non-type 1 genotypes were significantly more likely to achieve a sustained response than were those infected with HCV type 1 (63% vs 10.5%, P =0.001). Sustained virological responses were also associated with lower pretreatment viraemia level, younger age, absence of cirrhosis and the higher interferon dosage regimens but these associations failed to reach statistical significance. In 97% of patients there was concordance between virological and biochemical responses, and a statistically significant ( P =0.005) improvement in the Knodell histological activity index was observed in the virological sustained responders.     

异体胸腺的解剖、组织学及吻合血管移植治疗晚期恶性骨肿瘤的研究

本文对20例20～36周引产死胎胸腺进行了解剖学,组织学观察,并应用吻合血管胎儿胸腺移植治疗晚期恶性原发及继发骨肿瘤12例。结果表明,胎儿胸腺的血供主要来自胸廓内动脉,其次为甲状腺下动脉和心包膈动脉胸腺支,7～8个月胎儿胸腺静脉血管壁较厚,适合作血管吻合,胸腺细胞发育成熟,组织结构正常,已有分泌胸腺素及转化免疫细胞的功能,在解剖学,组织学,免疫学方面均具备了良好的移植条件。12例接受吻合血管胎儿胸腺移植的晚期恶性骨肿瘤患者,其临床症状、体征、X线、免疫指数均有明显改善,患者生存6个月至37个月以上。     

大鼠颌下腺切除对CCl4所致肝损伤修复的影响

实验大鼠分为颌下切除＋ＣＣｌ４组，假手术＋ＣＣｌ４对照组及正常对照组，结果假手术＋ＣＣｌ４第２ｄ时Ⅲ带细胞轻度受损，第４ｄ、８ｄ时受损面积略大，第１２ｄ时大部分细胞恢复，而颌下腺切除＋ＣＣｌ４组则损伤明显，第８ｄ时胞质极度稀疏，１２ｄ时大部分细胞尚未恢复，与假手术组比较，该组Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ反应略弱，ＰＡＳ反应减弱，第４～８ｄ时较明显，Ｇ－６－Ｐ，ＳＤＨ活性均减弱。结果表明颌下腺切除导致内源性表皮生     

A revised cytoarchitectonic map of the neocortex of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Summary The cytoarchitectonic parcellation of the rabbit's neocortex has been investigated in 6 hemispheres which had been fixed by perfusion, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at either 9 m or 20 m in various planes. In addition to the classical method of microscopic observation, and automatic scanning procedure using an image analyser for measuring grey level indices was employed. By printing computer plots of various ranges of grey level indices, this method permits visualization of structural differences between various cytoarchitectonic fields. By evaluating the plots, cytoarchitectonic maps can be constructed which are based on objective data and therefore less influenced by subjective judgment than the maps obtained with the classical method. — In some regions the results based on the quantitative method are in agreement with the commonly used maps of Rose (1931), and in other regions widely at variance. It is shown, for instance, that the area striata as defined by Rose (1931) is composed of two distinct fields, viz. areas Oc 1 and 2, which are separated from each other in the rostro-caudal direction. These and other findings are described in detail, compared with the observations of Rose (1931), and related to the literature on functional localization in the rabbit's neocortex. Attention is drawn to the fact that the results obtained in 6 hemispheres leave no doubt that individual variations in size and shape of the entire hemisphere as well as of the various cytoarchitectonic fields do occur, and will have to be taken into account if cytoarchitectonic maps such as those published in the present paper are to be used in the context of experimental work.     

Glomerular changes in BK virus nephropathy

This study seeks to define the glomerular changes that are associated with human BK virus nephropathy (BKVN). It is based on histopathologic review of 124 biopsies showing light-microscopic changes of viral nephropathy. The diagnosis of BKVN was confirmed by immunohistochemistry or by in situ hybridization. Histological lesions were scored by the Banff 97 criteria for renal allograft pathology and were correlated with clinical parameters. Viral cytopathic effect in the parietal Bowman's capsular epithelium was seen in 21/124 (17%) biopsies. Immunohistochemistry showed infection of Bowman's capsular epithelium in an additional 15/124 (12%) biopsies. Crescents were found in 15/124 (12%) samples. Glomerulitis exceeding grade Banff g1 was only occasionally shown (4/124=3% biopsies). Other pathologic lesions documented include mild increase in mesangial matrix in 23% biopsies, aneurysmal dilatation of glomerular capillaries in 28%, ischemic glomerulopathy in 62%, and chronic transplant glomerulopathy graded as mild (cg1) in 62% of biopsies and as moderate (cg2) in 2/124 (1.9%) biopsies. These findings show that infection of the glomerular epithelium cells can occur in a subset of patients with BKVN, most often in biopsies with high viral load in the tubular epithelium. Isolated crescents can occur in BKVN biopsies, but rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is not observed. Two biopsies showed electron-dense deposits on ultrastructural examination, but a cause and effect relationship to BK virus infection could not be established.     

Neural fibrolipoma of the superficial peroneal nerve in the ankle: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis

This report presents a case of neural fibrolipoma arising from the superficial peroneal nerve in the ankle. A 28-year-old woman was referred with a soft tissue mass in the anterior aspect of the right ankle, which had been gradually enlarging for the past 10 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass lesion, measuring approximately 8 x 3 x 2 cm, with high to partially low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. A band of low signal intensity within the lesion, which is indicative of coexistence with the tumor and the superficial peroneal nerve, could be detected on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The patient underwent an excisional biopsy. The specimen microscopically consisted of nerve bundles and fibro-fatty proliferation with abundant collagen fibers. Immunoreactivity for CD34 antigen antibody was detected in fibrous spindle cells. This is the first report to present an immunohistochemical profile of neural fibrolipoma. Neural fibrolipoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a lipomatous lesion is encountered in the foot or ankle as well as in the upper extremities.     

Cushing's Syndrome from an Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma with Peliosis: A Histological,Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study and Review of the Literature

Ectopic pituitary adenoma (EPA) is rare and, to the authors’ knowledge, its association with peliosis has not yet been described. The case of a 38-yr-old woman with clinical and biochemical evidence of Cushing’s syndrome is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a normal pituitary and a separate mass in the sphenoid sinus. The surgically remove’s hyaline change in the corticotrophs, indicating exposure to glucocorticoid excess. By histology, the mass in the sphenoid sinus was a congested, chromophobic, partly basophilic, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive pituitary adenoma composed of pleomorphic, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-positive, corticotrophs. There was focal immunopositivity for MIB-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of corticotroph adenoma. A striking finding, consistent with the diagnosis of peliosis, was the presence of multiple large blood-filled spaces lacking an endothelial lining. The capillaries were dilated, but often appeared empty and the fenestrated endothelium exhibited discontinuities. The cause of peliosis is obscure. It may be that the venous outflow was impaired in this case leading to capillary dilation, congestion, hyperpermeability, rupture, and accumulation of blood in extravascular spaces.     

冷冻切片常遇到的问题及解决对策

目的 提高制作冷冻切片质量，确保实验结果科学性。方法 通过对切片机工作室温度设置选择，防卷板的调整应用及切片常遇到的问题分析，阐述提高制作高质量冷冻切片的方法。结果 通过对冷冻切片机有关参数的设定，提高了切片质量。结论 冷冻切片常遇到的问题，通过及时调整切片机相应设置，可以便捷解决。