Short-term suppression of plasma free fatty acids fails to improve insulin sensitivity when intramyocellular lipid is elevated.

AIMS: Metabolic responses to manipulation of the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration were assessed in six healthy men via cross-over design to determine whether FFAs independently influence insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and insulin sensitivity via frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) after 67 h of two identical low carbohydrate/high fat (LC) diets which were used to elevate IMCL and plasma FFAs. To uncouple the influence of FFAs and IMCL on insulin sensitivity, FFAs were suppressed 30 min prior to and during IVGTT in one treatment [LC + nicotinic acid (NA)] by NA ingestion. RESULTS: Vastus lateralis IMCL was significantly elevated in LC (13.3 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) and LC + NA (13.5 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) (P < 0.01 for both), but was not different between conditions (P > 0.05). Plasma FFAs were raised in LC (0.79 +/- 0.08 mmol/l) and LC + NA (0.80 +/- 0.11 mmol/l) (P < 0.01 for both) and were significantly reduced by NA ingestion prior to (0.36 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and during IVGTT (P < 0.05) in LC + NA. Despite marked differences in plasma FFA availability, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were not different between LC and LC + NA (P > 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma FFAs appear to exert no immediate effect on insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance independent of their action on intracellular lipid moieties. Further research is required to elucidate the duration of FFA suppression required to restore insulin sensitivity following lipid-induced insulin resistance.     

Effect of adiposity on plasma lipid transfer protein activities: a possible link between insulin resistance and high density lipoprotein metabolism

Abstract. The mechanisms responsible for the decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels associated with obesity and insulin resistance are not well understood. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) are key factors in the esterification of cholesterol in HDL and the subsequent transfer of cholesteryl ester towards apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) may be involved in the regulation of HDL particle size. We therefore measured the activities of LCAT, CETP and PLTP using exogenous substrate assays, as well as lipids, lipoproteins, insulin and C-peptide in fasting plasma from eight healthy obese men (body mass index >27 kg m^-2) and 24 non-obese subjects. The obese men had lower levels of HDL cholesterol (P<0·05) and higher levels of plasma triglycerides (P<0·05), insulin (P<0·05) and C-peptide (P<0·01), as compared to the quartile of subjects with the lowest body mass index (BMI <22·4 kg m^-2). CETP and PLTP activities were elevated in the obese men by 35% (P<0·01) and by 15% (P<0·05), respectively. LCAT activity was comparable among the quartiles. Linear regression analysis showed that CETP activity was positively correlated with body mass index (P<0·02), fasting blood glucose (P7lt;0·05) and plasma C-peptide (P<0·05). PLTP activity was positively related to body mass index (P<0·01), waist to hip circumference ratio (P<0·001), as well as to fasting blood glucose (P<0·05) and plasma C-peptide (P<0·05) It is concluded that the activities of CETP and PLTP are influenced by adiposity and possibly by insulin resistance. Elevated lipid transfer protein activities may provide a mechanism that contributes to alterations in HDL in insulin resistant states.     

山东农村511名高中生伤害的现况调查

目的 调查高中生伤害的情况、危险因素及其影响，为制定高中生伤害的预防措施提供依据。方法 以整群抽样的方法在山东省利津县某高中9个班的511名高中生中进行调查和描述性分析。结果 在过去一年里所调查的高中生8种伤害(车祸、中毒、跌落、烧烫伤、电击伤、钝／锐器伤、动物昆虫叮咬伤、溺水)的总发生率为15．5％，男、女生发生率分别为18．5％、11．9％。发生率最高的前4位伤害依次是跌落伤(7．6％)、中毒(4．3％)、车辆伤(3．3％)和钝／锐器伤(3.1％)。家中常发生中毒、烧烫伤，学校常发生跌落伤和钝／锐器伤。平均每人次伤害花费最大的是车辆伤，其次为跌落伤；平均影响学习时间最长的是车辆伤，其次为烧烫伤和跌落伤。伤害发生率在性别和父亲健康状况上有显著性差异。结论 针对不同伤害特点采取相应预防措施，以降低伤害发生率，促进青少年健康，减少社会健康损失和经济损失。     

常规染色体畸变分析法对AT细胞高辐射敏感性的研究

目的 研究毛细血管扩张性共济失调症(ataxia-telangiectasia,AT)患者皮肤的成纤维细胞系AT5BIVA(AT细胞)的高辐射敏感性。方法 以源于正常人皮肤的成纤维细胞系GM0639(GM细胞)为对照,用常规染色体畸变分析法,在AT细胞和GM细咆经60COγ射线0、1、2、3、4 Gy照射后,观察比较AT细胞和GM细胞之间染色体畸变率(CAF)的差异,并分别进行曲线拟合。结果 在0、1、2、3、4 Gy剂量下,AT细胞染色体畸变率明显高于GM细胞(P<0.05);AT和GM细胞染色体畸变率与剂量成正相关,均可拟合成剂量效应直线方程Y=a+bX,且AT细胞剂量效应直线回归方程斜率明显大于GM细胞(P<0.05)。结论 AT患者AT细胞的辐射敏感性显著高于GM细胞,具有高辐射敏感性。     

开展药学信息学课程教学的必要性和方法探讨

目的：探讨药学高等教育中开设药学信息学课程的必要性和可行性。方法：通过剖析药学信息学的原理和内容，分析国内药学信息学教育的现状，提出开展药学信息学教育的方法。结栗：药学信息学教育是药学发展和高等教育改革的要求，开展药学信息学教育必须编写系统的专业教材，并注重培养学生的自我运用信息和处理信息的能力。结论：开展药学信息学教育是必要和迫切的。     

胃癌高系家族成员胃蛋白酶原C基因多态性及其诊断意义的探讨

采用限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析法，检测在胃癌高发区庄河检出的１９例胃癌高系家族成员胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因多态性，发现三种常见片段及一种稀有片段。对其中４例携带稀有片段的受检者进行了胃镜追踪观察，２．５年后发现１例早期胃癌。本文对此作了初步探讨。     

高频喷射通气结合胸壁挤压对组胺致肺损伤犬呼吸循环功能的影响

以高频喷射通气结合胸壁挤压（ＨＦＪＶ＋ＣＷＣ）为通气模式，观察其对组胺致肺损伤犬呼吸循环功能的影响，并与单纯高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）进行比较。结果表明：与ＨＦＪＶ相比，ＨＦＪＶ＋ＣＷＣ时的功能残气量（ＦＲＣ）、ＰａＣＯ＿２和ＰＣＯ＿２均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），肺泡通气量（Ｖ＿Ａ）和二氧化碳排出量（ＣＯ＿２）均显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），每分呼出气量（Ｖ＿Ｅ）、ＰａＯ＿２、ＰＣＯ＿２、吸气峰压（ＰＩＰ）、平均气道压（Ｐａｗ）、呼气末压（ＥＥＰ）、ＨＲ、平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、肺动脉压（ＰＡＰ）和肺毛细血管楔压（ＰＣＷＰ）均无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：ＨＦＪＶ＋ＣＷＣ除保留单纯ＨＦＪＶ时气道开放、气道低压、良好的血液氧合、不影响循环功能等特点外，还具有增加呼气动力，改善肺泡通气，显著促进ＣＯ＿２排除等优点。     

高原环境对部队适应人群内分泌系统的急性效应

本文对初入海拔5170米高原5日内未发生急性高山病的46名新战士进行了17项内分泌指标的检测,发现高原环境对适应人群内分泌系统的急性效应主要有:下丘脑一垂体应激反应增强;甲状腺功能增强;皮质醇分泌增多,醛固酮分泌减少,肾素活性降低,血管紧张素Ⅱ增多;性腺功能无明显变化。     

液相色谱测定隐形眼镜保护药水中EDTA二钠和山梨酸钾的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法,以0.02mol/L硼砂为流动相,YNG C_(16)H_(37),为固定相,检测波长288nm,测定隐形眼镜保护药水中EDTA二钠和山梨酸钾的含量。简便快速,结果准确可靠。回收率100.26％(EDTA)、100.36％(山梨酸钾)。相对标准偏差0.85％(EDTA)、0.41％(山梨酸钾)。     

高频喷射通气时麻醉犬动脉血二氧化碳分压的估计

作用测定５－８次常频呼吸后呼气末二氧化碳分压的方法，探讨了高频喷射通气时麻醉犬动脉脉血二氧化碳分压与Ｐｅｔｃｏ２的关系，结果表明，在通气频率分别为６０，１００及２００次／ｍｉｎ时，Ｐｅｔｃｏ２和Ｐａｃｏ２均无显性差异，Ｐｅｔｃｏ２呈显相关（ｒ＝０．８３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示，测定５－８次常频呼吸后的Ｐｅｔｃｏ２可较准确地评估ＨＦＪＶ时麻醉犬的Ｐａｃｏ２。