Intrathoracic infections in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients may cooperate with HL to trigger hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A retrospective study

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been reported in the literature; however, there is almost no literature on the factors related to HL triggering HLH.One hundred forty patients with HL were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of HL-related HLH (we call HL-related HLH as HL-HLH). And all HL-HLH patients in our cohort had HLH as the first manifestation and its clinical characteristics and the role of intrathoracic infection (ITI) in triggering HLH are discussed.The 140 patients with HL mainly included mixed-cellularity classic HL (MCCHL) in 81 (57.9%), nodular sclerosis classic HL (NSCHL) in 36 (25.7%), and lymphacyte-rich classic HL in 14 (10.0%) patients. Of the 137 patients who underwent chest computed tomography scans on admission, 44 had ITI, and most of these ITI were mildly ill and had no respiratory symptoms. Among 140 HL patients, 8 patients from MCCHL were diagnosed as HL-HLH. Among 81 MCCHL patients, 26 patients with ITI had a significantly higher incidence of HL-HLH than those without ITI (26.9% vs 1.8%, P = .002). The median survival time of 8 cases of HL-HLH was only 2 months.When HL patients were first admitted to the hospital, 5.7% had HLH as the first manifestation, and 32.1% had ITI. These ITI can cooperate with HL to trigger HLH, despite their mild illness. The prognosis of HL-HLH was poor.     

B-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by an exaggerated but dysregulated immune response resulting in hyperinflammation, with a potential for progression to multiple organ dysfunction and failure. Infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, malignancies and immunodeficiency syndromes are known triggers of HLH in adults. The present study reported the case of a middle-aged man with HLH triggered by B-cell lymphoma who was successfully treated with dexamethasone; etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, hydroxy-doxorubicin and rituximab chemotherapy; and multiple intrathecal methotrexate with a good outcome.     

噬血细胞综合征的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学特点

目的探讨噬血细胞综合征的18F-FDG PET/CT显像的影像学特点。方法回顾性分析我院7例HLH临床资料和18F-FDG PET/CT影像资料。结果 7例患者均因不明原因发热入院,7例患者均符合HLH诊断指南2004修订版的标准。肝脏增大4例,3例合并FDG摄取增高,脾脏增大6例,5例合并FDG摄取增高,2例出现全身多发淋巴结增大并FDG摄取增高,2例表现为脑皮质FDG摄取弥漫性减低,6例出现肺部改变(肺炎、肺不张、胸腔积液等)。结论认识该疾病的18F-FDG PET/CT影像表现,有助于提高该疾病的诊断率。     

40例噬血细胞综合征的临床特点及预后分析

目的 探讨噬血细胞综合征(HPS)的临床特点和预后影响因素,提高HPS的诊治水平.方法 时2002年1月～2008年3月收治的40例HPS患者临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 40例HPS中22例(55%)与感染相关,其中EBV感染14例,7例(17.5%)与肿瘤相关,病因不明12例(30%);临床表现均符合HLH-2004诊断标准;经抗感染、糖皮质激素、化疗等联合治疗,死亡率65.2%(15/23);伴随EB病毒感染、恶性淋巴瘤的HPS预后差.结论 HPS病因复杂,预后不良;应掌握HPS的临床特点,早期诊断和治疗.     

霍奇金淋巴瘤并噬血细胞综合征1例报告

目的报告1例合并噬血细胞综合征的霍奇金淋巴瘤病例。方法以持续高热起病的1例初治霍奇金淋巴瘤,抗感染治疗效果不佳,予ABVD(表柔比星、博来霉素、长春瑞滨、达卡巴嗪)方案化疗后体温一度控制,后又出现高热,伴进行性全血细胞减少及肝功能恶化,完善相关检查后诊断明确为合并噬血细胞综合征,加予肾上腺糖皮质激素。结果患者噬血得到有效控制,相关指标均恢复正常。结论霍奇金淋巴瘤合并噬血细胞综合征十分少见且预后不佳,其最佳治疗方案有待于进一步探索。     

儿童合并骨髓噬血现象53例临床分析

目的 探讨骨髓中出现噬血现象患儿的临床特点、诊断、治疗及其与预后之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析1998年-2008年间骨髓发现噬血现象的53例住院患儿的临床特征、实验室检查、原发病诊断、治疗方法及预后.结果 共53例纳入统计,其中男35例,女18例;中位年龄3岁(2个月～16岁).出院诊断噬血细胞综合征(HLH)20例,肿瘤9例,再生障碍性贫血1例,幼年性特发性关节炎2例,特发性血小板减少性紫癜2例,郎格罕斯组织细胞增生症2例,尼曼匹克病1例,黄色肉芽肿1例,传染性单核细胞增多症1例,原发败血症1例,病情恶化自动出院或死亡时未明确诊断13例.根据国际组织细胞协会HLH诊断指南-2004标准重新评估,符合HLH诊断标准22例.是否存在脾肿大、外周血≥二系细胞减少、高三酰甘油血症或低纤维蛋白血症及骨髓噬血现象对HLH诊断意义较大.激素治疗组患儿预后较好,是否符合HLH诊断标准与预后相关性不大.结论 骨髓噬血现象并非某个疾病的特异性表现,噬血细胞综合征的诊断也缺乏特异性指标,在治疗的选择上不应仅仅依靠诊断标准,而应综合考虑每个患儿的具体情况.早期开始激素治疗对预后有一定帮助.完善分子学诊断刻不容缓.     

挑战:巨噬细胞活化综合征和脓毒症相关噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症

无论原发性还是继发性噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症都可能是致死性的,早期发现和及时治疗是改变结局的关键.虽然在基因缺陷和免疫发病机制研究进展的基础上形成的免疫化疗和定向免疫治疗使部分患儿的生存率得到了改善,但在ICU降低噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症的病死率依然面临挑战.持续发热、伴随凝血异常的特殊性肝功能不良、高甘油三脂血症、血细胞减少和异常升高的血清铁蛋白是重要的诊断线索.明确患者自然杀伤细胞在脓毒症和自身免疫性疾病不同阶段的情况将引导创新免疫介入治疗的实现.     

儿童指突状树突细胞肉瘤合并骨髓增生异常综合征一例报告并文献复习

指突状树突细胞肉瘤(interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma,IDCS)是一种罕见的树突状细胞肿瘤,目前全球仅百余例报道,常以无痛性淋巴结肿大起病,侵袭性较强、预后较差[1-2].骨髓增生异常综合征(myel-odysplastic syndromes,MDS)为起源于造血干、祖细胞...     

急性儿童系统性EB病毒阳性T细胞淋巴组织增殖性疾病临床病理观察

目的：探讨急性儿童系统性EB病毒阳性T细胞淋巴组织增殖性疾病的发病机制、临床病理特征及鉴别诊断要点,以缩短诊断时间和减少误诊。方法：结合文献分析1例急性儿童系统性EB病毒阳性T细胞淋巴组织增殖性疾病死亡病例的临床症状和体征、病理特征及免疫组织化学、EBER原位杂交、基因克隆重排结果等。结果：急性儿童系统性EB病毒阳性T细胞淋巴组织增殖性疾病临床上主要表现为嗜血综合征,包括发热、淋巴结及肝脾肿大、外周血三系减少,可伴有腹水及胸腔积液,血清EB病毒载量增高、血清铁蛋白明显增高,肝肾功能、凝血、血脂等均异常;骨髓涂片示异型淋巴细胞约占18%,并可见嗜血现象。淋巴结活检示其结构破坏,淋巴滤泡减少,T区明显扩大,可见轻-中度异型淋巴细胞;淋巴窦扩张,组织细胞增生,可见嗜血现象,间质血管增生。免疫组化证实EB病毒感染的细胞毒性T细胞构成病变主体;EBER原位杂交部分淋巴细胞胞核阳性;淋巴结组织标本基因重排示TCR基因发生克隆性重排,患者在发病第27天因多脏器衰竭死亡。结论：急性儿童系统性EB病毒阳性T细胞淋巴组织增殖性疾病是一种系统性病变,部分患者病情急剧恶化死于严重并发症。该病病情多较复杂,且与其它疾病存在重叠或交叉,早期确诊困难,目前证实其中T淋巴细胞增生为克隆性增生,为T细胞淋巴瘤。应提高对其病理认识,并紧密结合临床、检验、免疫表型、基因重排等因素,减少治疗延误。