Clinical Characteristics of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Related to Kawasaki Disease

It is difficult to predict the prognosis or clinical course of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) due to the various underlying causes. The authors analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings and outcomes in patients with HLH who had initially been diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD), and evaluated the clinical significance of each factor. Among the 21 patients with HLH, 5 had initially been diagnosed with KD and 16 had other etiologies. A comparative analysis was performed for fever duration, presence of cytopenia, serum ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, fibrinogen, hyponatremia, reactivation, and survival rate in those HLH patients associated with KD (group I) and other causes (group II). In patients in group I, a higher level of reactivation (20%), a lower survival rate (P = .001), higher AST (P = .031) and ferritin (P = .005), and frequent hyponatremia (P = .000) were found compared to patients in group II. Interestingly, patients in group I was older than the average of age of most KD patients. A high index of suspicion on the progression from KD to HLH would be mandatory when the KD patients show elevated AST and ferritin and the presence of hyponatremia, and especially so if the patient is of older age.     

Secondary Hemophagocytosis in 3 Patients With Organic Acidemia Involving Propionate Metabolism

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) may develop secondary to infections, malignancies, immune deficiency syndromes, and rheumatologic and metabolic disorders. Associations between HLH and inborn errors of metabolism, including lysinuric protein intolerance, multiple sulfatase deficiency, galactosemia, Gaucher disease, Pearson syndrome, and galactosialidosis, have previously been reported in the literature. In this report the authors present 3 children with disorders of propionate metabolism—1 with methylmalonic acidemia and 2 with propionic acidemia—who developed secondary HLH during their metabolic attacks. All patients fulfilled the 5 HLH criteria of the Histiocyte Society. Familial HLH was ruled out by molecular analysis. Plasma exchange was performed for 2 of them. Unfortunately 1 died of multiorgan failure despite intensive therapy. This is the first report of such an association.     

噬血性淋巴组织细胞增生症20例

目的 探讨噬血性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)的临床特点.方法回顾性分析2009年4月-2010年5月本院血液科收治的20例HLH患儿临床表现及血常规、肝功能、血液生化、病原学、免疫学检测、血清铁蛋白及骨髓涂片检查等实验室指标,参照HLH-2004治疗方案治疗.结果患儿主要表现为持续发热,肝、脾、淋巴结大,全血细胞减少,肝功能受损,凝血障碍,低纤维蛋白血症,高三酯甘油血症,自然杀伤细胞比例降低.12例中性粒细胞＜1.0×109 L-1,16例Hb<90 g·L-1,18例血小板<100×109 L-1,血细胞二系降低者18例,三系同时降低12例.ALT升高20例,AST升高18例,LDH升高20例,胆碱酯酶升高13例.三酰甘油升高18例,血清铁蛋白＞1 500 μg·L-1 8例,ESR增快9例;CRP增高11例,自然杀伤细胞比例降低12例,骨髓增生活跃17例,增生低下3例,12例骨髓涂片找到噬血细胞.20例发病与感染相关者中,与EB病毒感染相关性噬血细胞综合征3例,巨细胞病毒感染相关4例,铜绿假单胞菌感染1例.治愈3例,好转15例,疗效不佳自动出院2例.结论 HLH临床表现多样,及时诊治可改善预后.     

儿童EBV感染的非肿瘤性相关疾病

EBV是一种亲人类B细胞的疱疹病毒.EBV可引起全身各系统和器官的疾病,包括肿瘤性和非肿瘤性相关疾病[1].在儿童非肿瘤性EBV感染相关性疾病中,传染性单核细胞增多症(IM) 、慢性活动性EBV感染(CAEBV)和EBV相关噬血淋巴组织细胞增生症(EBV-HLH) 最具临床意义.IM是良性自限性疾病,而CAEBV和EBV-HLH具有潜在恶性倾向,预后不良.本文就首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院(我院)诊断的IM、CAEBV和EBV-HLH各1例典型病例进行分析,以期提高对该类疾病的认识.     

脐带血异基因造血干细胞移植后噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症1例临床分析

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植后噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)的临床特征、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析1例急性髓系白血病非血缘相关脐带血造血干细胞移植(AML-URD-UCBT)患儿术后并发HLH的临床特点并复习相关文献。结果患儿移植术后第6天(+6 d,下同)出现皮肤、肝脏、肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD),先后给予糖皮质激素、环孢素A(CsA)、赛尼哌、霉酚酸酯(MMF)、他克莫司(FK506)等免疫抑制治疗后,aGVHD症状好转,但+26 d后出现活动性巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染合并HLH,给予静脉注射用丙种球蛋白、无环鸟苷、更昔洛韦抗CMV治疗,输红细胞、血小板、血浆、纤维蛋白原等支持治疗,参照HLH-2004方案予依托泊苷、糖皮质激素及CsA治疗后,+61 d检测血CMV早期/晚期基质蛋白(CMV-PP65)转阴,+55、+63 d骨髓象未见噬血细胞,呈HLH完全缓解骨髓象,临床症状及血常规等实验室指标好转;+83 d检测血CMV-PP65及CMV脱氧核糖核酸(CMV-DNA)转阳,+86 d因严重肺部感染、肺出血、消化道出血及多器官功能衰竭而死亡。结论异基因造血干细胞移植后aGVHD及抗aGVHD的免疫抑制治疗,是引起移植后CMV感染相关HLH的危险因素;HLH-2004方案未考虑到异基因造血干细胞移植后HLH的特殊性,需进一步研究有针对性的治疗方案,以提高疗效。     

A case of novel swine influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia complicated with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome

Influenza related to complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis have sporadically been reported. However, influenza A (H1N1)-virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) has rarely been reported. A 39-year old woman complained of high fever and was referred to us. Chest infiltrations in both lungs and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimen was confirmed and she was diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. Pancytopenia was found, and hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration. Following intravenous administration of antiflu drug and combination therapy of steroid pulse and erythromycin IV, the patient’s respiratory dysfunction and lab data gradually improved and she was discharged on day 21. Whereas secondary HPS related to viral infections such as Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus type 6 are commonly seen, H1N1 pneumonia complicated with secondary VAHS is rare.     

噬血细胞现象在诊断噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症中意义的探讨

本研究探讨噬血细胞现象在诊断噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症（hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH）中的意义。收集2005年6月至2008年10月继发性HLH疑似病例61例,根据HLH-2004诊断标准分为确诊组及排除组,比较各组骨髓、脾或淋巴结活检中噬血细胞现象的发生率。结果表明,61例疑似患者中有43例确诊为继发性HLH,18例排除HLH;确诊组中有33例发生噬血细胞现象,排除HLH组中有4例出现噬血细胞现象;噬血细胞现象在诊断HLH时的敏感性为76．7％,特异性为77．8％。结论：噬血细胞现象在诊断大部分继发性HLH的中具有重要的意义,但没有噬血细胞现象并不能排除HLH的诊断。     

年轻子宫内膜癌患者保留生育能力治疗的思考

最新发布的《CA CANCER J CLIN》报道称,2019年美国有70余万例子宫内膜癌患者,有超过5万的新发病例。子宫内膜癌已成为美国发病率排名第二的妇科肿瘤,仅次于乳腺癌［1］。随着经济及生活水平的提高,以及生育年龄延迟,我国子宫内膜癌的发病率越来越接近发达国家。据最新一期国家癌症中心数据,我国2015年子宫内膜癌新发病例居我国恶性肿瘤发病前10位,占女性全部恶性肿瘤发病的3.88%,这一数据也较2014年的3.79%有所上升。城市地区的子宫内膜癌发病率为11.35/10万,高于农村地区;在上海,子宫内膜癌新发病例已超过子宫颈癌［2］。 浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。     

HLH-2004方案治疗继发性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症10例临床分析

本研究旨在探讨HLH-2004方案在继发性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症（secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,sHLH）患者中的临床疗效。对我科10例行HLH-2004方案化疗的sHLH患者进行回顾性分析。结果表明,化疗中7例患者有临床反应,3例患者无反应。5例sHLH患者未完成8周初始治疗,其中4例死亡,1例因严重药物副反应改用CHOP方案,治疗4个疗程后获疾病缓解。5例患者完成初始治疗,3例获疾病缓解,2例疾病控制不佳。3例缓解患者中,1例死于疾病复发,另2例维持缓解;2例控制不佳的患者中,1例死亡,另1例出院后获疾病缓解。结论：感染相关的HLH（IAHS）患者予HLH-2004方案化疗联合有效抗感染治疗后缓解率高,而EB病毒相关的HLH（EBV-HLH）或淋巴瘤相关的HLH（LAHS）患者缓解率低、缓解后易复发。