儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析

[目的]研究儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH)外周血淋巴细胞活性的改变. [方法]选择2005年1月-2009年12月在本院住院的49例确诊为HLH 且为急性期的患儿为病例组,30例健康儿童为对照组,分别抽取外周血,肝素抗凝,采用流式细胞术方法分别检测两组外周血淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD(16+56)+的表达率. [结果] 病例组CD(16+56)+和CD8+细胞比例显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),CD3+细胞比例高于对照组(P＜0.05),CD4+细胞比例与对照组比较无显著统计学意义(P＞0.05). [结论] NK细胞[CD(16+56)+]和CTL细胞(CD8+)活性的降低对诊断HLH可能具有重要临床意义,T淋巴细胞(CD3+)活性增强对诊断HLH也有一定价值.     

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??Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders??AIDs?? is a group of heterogeneous diseases??even if macrophage activation syndrome??MAS?? and AIDs share as well as heterogeneous pathogenetic scenes??which have the similar clinical features on the occurrence of MAS in the patient with overblown release of proinflammatory cytokines in the natural history. Is the relation between AIDs and MAS??     

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with cure and durable remission of late‐onset primary isolated central nervous system hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Primary isolated CNS presentation of HLH is exceedingly rare and typically associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We describe an adolescent patient with late‐onset, primary isolated CNS HLH and a compound heterozygous PRF1 mutation (c50delT (p.L17 fs); c.1229G>C (p.R410P)), not previously reported with this phenotype. He was successfully treated with allogeneic HSCT following a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen, despite a high pre‐HSCT comorbidity index. Two years after transplant, he is alive and in disease remission. While patients with systemic HLH and active CNS disease have relatively poorer outcomes, a high index of suspicion may aid with early diagnosis of primary isolated CNS HLH; prompt treatment with HSCT may be associated with improved cure and durable remission of this rare disease.     

A Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Patient that Presented with Unilateral Panuveitis

Purpose: To describe a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with ocular changes prior to the systemic changes.

Methods: A 53-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of decreased vision in his right eye. The patient was examined by ocular examination, slit lamp examination, optical coherence tomography, laboratory examination, abdominal ultrasound, and bone marrow biopsy.

Results: Ocular examination revealed uveitis OD and optical coherence tomography revealed macular edema OD. Laboratory examination demonstrated cytopenia in two cell lines, hypofibrinogenemia, and elevated serum ferritin. Abdominal ultrasound findings indicated hepatosplenomegaly. The bone marrow biopsy specimen demonstrated histiocytes and significant hemophagocytosis, leading to a diagnosis of HLH.

Conclusion: Ophthalmic manifestation can be the first sign of HLH and progress to fatal systemic changes.     

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults: a multicentre case series over 7 years

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of uncontrolled immune activation that has gained increasing attention over the past decade. Although classically known as a familial disorder of children caused by mutations that affect cytotoxic T‐cell function, an acquired form of HLH in adults is now widely recognized. This is often seen in the setting of malignancy, infection or rheumatological disorders. We performed a retrospective review across 3 tertiary care centres and identified 68 adults with HLH. The average age was 53 years (range 18–77 years) and 43 were male (63%). Underlying disorders included malignancy in 33 patients (49%), infection in 22 (33%), autoimmune disease in 19 (28%) and idiopathic HLH in 15 (22%). Patients were treated with disease‐specific therapy and immunomodulatory agents. After a median follow‐up of 32·2 months, 46 patients had died (69%). The median overall survival was 4 months (95% CI: 0·0–10·2 months). Patients with malignancy had a worse prognosis compared to those without (median survival 2·8 months versus 10·7 months, P = 0·007). HLH is a devastating disorder with a high mortality. Further research is needed to improve treatment and outcomes.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗原发性噬血细胞综合征合并中枢神经系统病变一例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨原发性噬血细胞综合征（HLH）合并中枢神经系统病变诊断要点以及异基因造血干细胞移植（Allo-HSCT）治疗情况。 方法：对1例根据HLH-2004诊断标准确诊的原发性HLH合并中枢神经系统病变的病例临床特点进行分析,完善基因测序、免疫学指标检测和家系调查,进行Allo-HSCT。 结果：确诊11岁男性病例1例,表现为反复发热、全血细胞减少,脾大、骨髓中可见噬血现象,NK细胞活性下降（10.39%）。基因检测和家系调查显示患者携带分别来自父系和母系的PRF1基因的复杂杂合改变,两位胞姐各自携带不同突变位点;全家成员穿孔素蛋白表达量均有不同程度下降。病程中出现癫痫,头颅核磁共振提 示多发病变。确诊原发性HLH合并中枢神经系统病变。给予HLH-2004方案治疗后,接受胞姐HLA 5/10相合Allo-HSCT。目前移植后14个月,一般情况良好。 结论 对于合并中枢神经系统病变的原发性HLH,尽早进行Allo-HSCT是获得长期生存及治愈的唯一方法。     

3例成人斯蒂尔病并发噬血细胞综合征患者的临床特点分析并文献复习

目的：探讨成人斯蒂尔病（AOSD）并发噬血细胞综合征（HPS）患者的临床表现、实验室指标特点和治疗预后情况,为其临床诊治提供依据。方法：收集3例AOSD并发HPS患者的性别、年龄、发热峰值温度、皮疹、关节肿痛、肝脾淋巴结肿大及治疗和预后情况等临床数据以及外周血白细胞（WBC）数量、中性粒细胞绝对值（NE#）、淋巴细胞绝对值（LY#）、单核细胞绝对值（MO#）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血小板（PLT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、血清铁蛋白（SF）、纤维蛋白原（FBG）及骨髓象等实验室数据,并对其进行回顾性分析。结果：一般情况,3例患者均为50岁以上女性,出现HPS的时间分别为AOSD发病后的1个月、1个月和5个月。临床表现,3例AOSD患者均以发热、皮疹和关节疼痛为首发症状,均无肝脾肿大,仅患者3在AOSD初期出现淋巴结肿大,经糖皮质激素治疗后发热、皮疹、关节肿痛及淋巴结肿大症状均好转。并发HPS后3例患者均再次首先出现发热症状,体温均在39℃以上,其中2例患者出现黄疸,出现HPS后均未发现肝脾及淋巴结肿大。实验室指标特点,血细胞减少和持续升高的SF为AOSD并发HPS的早期敏感指标,肝功能酶学及FBG水平的变化均滞后于血细胞和SF变化。AOSD并发HPS患者肝功能异常以ALT水平升高最为明显。血细胞减少早期行骨穿活检即可发现吞噬现象。结论：AOSD并发HPS患者的临床特点为不明原因的再发持续高热,实验室指标的特点为血细胞减少（尤其是血小板减少）、SF持续升高、重度肝损伤（以ALT水平升高为主）、纤维蛋白原减少和骨穿活检出现吞噬现象;AOSD并发HPS患者应早发现、早治疗,以降低其复发率及死亡率。     

Demonstration of type II latency in T lymphocytes of Epstein–Barr Virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the most common infectious cause of non‐genetic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). To investigate EBV‐infected lymphocytes and immune dysfunction in EBV‐associated HLH, blood samples from a 6‐year‐old boy were longitudinally analyzed using molecular techniques. EBV‐positive lymphocytes were detected as CD5⁺, CD8⁺, and/or HLA DR⁺ lymphocytes on Day 25 of the disease, mostly disappearing thereafter. CD8⁺ cells specific for lytic antigen BRLF1 were detected, but cells specific for latent antigens EBNA3 and LMP2 were not. EBV genes EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2, EBER1, BARTs were detected, suggesting a latency type II gene expression pattern in this case. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:326–328. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.