五氧化二钒对大鼠胚胎中脑细胞增殖和分化的影响

本研究采用微团培养观察了Ｖ２Ｏ５对大鼠胚胎中脑细胞增殖和分化的影响，旨在为进一步揭示其发育毒作用机理提供依据。结果显示，Ｖ２Ｏ５对体外中脑细胞的增殖和分化均有抑制作用，并有明显的剂量－反应关系。Ｖ２Ｏ５抑制中脑增殖经的Ｉ Ｃ５０分别为９．１和６．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。体内／体外结合试验显示，Ｖ２Ｏ５在２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时对细胞分化有明显的抑制作用，而在５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时才对细胞增殖出现抑制作用，按照Ｒｅｎ     

Teniposide or carboplatin in patients with recurrent or advanced cervical carcinoma: A randomized phase II trial

Thomsen TK, Pfeiffer P, Bertelsen K. Teniposide or carboplatin in patients with recurrent or advanced cervical carcinoma: A randomized phase II trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8 : 310–314.
The aim of the present study was to investigate response rates, time to progression, and survival with teniposide or carboplatin in patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer and to estimate the toxicity of each drug regimen.
Twenty-eight patients with recurrent or advanced cervical cancer entered the study. Two patients were ineligible (severe renal impairment, n = 1; performance status 3, n = 1) and were excluded from the analysis. The remaining 26 patients were randomized to either carboplatin (400 mg/m² on day 1, intravenously every four weeks) or teniposide (125 mg/m² on days 1, 2 and 3, intravenously every four weeks). Twelve patients were randomized to the carboplatin arm and 14 patients to the teniposide arm. They were all comparable with respect to age, performance status, histology, primary FIGO stage, and prior therapy.
Response was seen in four patients in each group (33% and 29%, respectively), all but one being partial. (One patient in the teniposide group had complete response). Time to progression and median survival were similar in the two groups (median time to progression 20/17 weeks and median survival 40/41 weeks, respectively.)
In general, toxicity was moderate. Leukopenia (WHO grade 3 or 4) was seen in one patient treated with teniposide, and thrombocytopenia (WHO grade 3 or 4) in one patient treated with carboplatin. Eleven patients (79%) in the teniposide group had alopecia requiring a wig. The study implies that both drugs have some activity in cervical cancer. Carboplatin has the advantage that it can be administered on an out-patient basis.     

喘安的急性毒性实验观察

目的：探讨喘安的急性毒性。方法：喘安小鼠灌胃测定半数致死量(LD50)。结果：喘安的(LD50)为14．73～20．90g／kg。结论：喘安临床应用安全。     

Frequency of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with iopromid or iotrolan: a randomized trial

Blood isotone contrast media is considered to be less toxic to vascular and pancreatic duct endothelium than high-osmolar contrast media. In this study we assessed the impact of a low-osmolar contrast agent compared with a blood isotone product on pancreatic damage induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy (EST). In a prospective trial 42 consecutive ERCP/EST patients were randomized to receive either iopromid, a low-osmolar non-ionic contrast agent (770 mosmol/kg H₂O), or iotrolan, a blood-isotone non-ionic product (320 mosmol/kg H₂O). The endoscopies were performed by two experienced endoscopists. Forty patients were included in the study. Blood samples were collected before and 40 min, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after the endoscopic procedure. Samples were analysed for pancreatic serum enzymes, acute-phase proteins and blood counts. A clinical pain score was investigated. Post-ERCP pancreatitis was diagnosed in 2 patients in the iopromid group and in 5 patients in the iotrolan group. There was no significant difference between groups in the time course of pancreatic serum enzymes, acute-phase proteins or in the pain score. Due to the small number of patients in this study, only stronger differences caused by the two contrast media could have led to statistically significant results. We did not observe statistically significant differences in comparing iotrolan and iopromid concerning ERCP/EST-induced pancreatic damage. Received: 26 February 1999; Revised: 14 May 1999; Accepted: 9 June 1999     

壬基酚对小鼠生育力的影响研究

目的 研究壬基酚（NP）经口染毒对昆明种小鼠生育力的影响,并评价其生殖和发育毒性.方法 选择健康性成熟的清洁级的昆明种小鼠128只,体重22～26 g,随机分为24、60、120 mg/kg NP染毒组和1个花生油溶剂对照组,每组32只,雌雄各半.进行小鼠生育力试验.结果 从60 mg/kg组开始,精子计数、活精率、生育指数、妊娠率均随染毒剂量增加而下降,精子畸形率随剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;交配指数仅在120mg/kg组下降（P＜0.05）;从24mg/kg组开始,平均每窝黄体数、着床数、活胎数均随染毒剂量升高而下降,存在明显的剂量-效应关系（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;而着床前死亡率、吸收胎率、死胎率均随染毒剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 经口染毒壬基酚对小鼠产生明显的生殖和发育毒性.     

亚硒酸钠和硒蛋氨酸的毒性比较

目的　比较亚硒酸钠和硒蛋氨酸毒性差异以及探讨硒中毒的指标。方法　将断乳Wistar大鼠随机分为 7组 ,每组 14只 ,雌雄各半。其中一组为对照组 ,另外六组分别给予含硒 3、6、10mg kg的亚硒酸钠或硒蛋氨酸饲料 ,于第 12周将其处死。结果　当饲料硒水平达到 3mg kg时 ,动物肝脏出现病理变化 ,在Se6mg kg时 ,体重才出现下降。饲料硒水平为 6、10mg kg时 ,同一饲料硒水平的亚硒酸钠组大鼠体重小于硒蛋氨酸组。饲料硒水平为 3、6mg kg时 ,硒蛋氨酸组大鼠的肝脏病理改变轻于亚硒酸钠组 ,雄性大鼠轻于雌性。亚硒酸钠组较硒蛋氨酸组或雌性大鼠较雄性大鼠在肝脏体重比方面变化更为明显。除雌性大鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPX)活性随硒水平升高而降低外 ,其它补硒各组肝、红细胞、血浆GPX活性具有随硒水平的升高而升高的趋势。结论　大鼠硒中毒的剂量为Se 3mg kg,硒蛋氨酸的毒性小于亚硒酸钠 ,雌性大鼠对硒毒性更为敏感     

毒物基因组学展望

本文介绍了毒物基因组学定义，并阐述了毒物基因组学对特异毒性、实验病理、混合物危险性评价、免疫毒理、神经毒理、生态毒理、预测毒理学等研究的突破性作用，是毒理学一次革命.     

125例新生儿溶血病临床分析

目的:探讨新生儿溶血病的诊断和治疗.方法:对1996年1月～2004年3月间125例新生儿溶血病进行三项试验、胆红素、血红蛋白测定,部分行脑干听觉诱发电位检查.治疗方法有光疗、换血及输丙种球蛋白.结果:125例中ABO溶血病121例(占96.8%);三项试验中直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性49例(39.2%),释放试验阳性110例(88%),游离试验阳性87例(69.6%);高胆红素血症95例,9例发生胆红素脑病;血红蛋白＜145 g/L者68例;48例脑干听觉诱发电位异常.光疗81例,用丙球14例,换血治疗10例.结论:新生儿溶血病的诊断必须根据三项试验和临床进行综合分析;胆红素浓度高及诊治时间迟是胆红素脑病的重要危险因素,中等程度的黄疸也可导致脑损伤.对于中等程度的黄疸可行光疗或丙球治疗,重症黄疸应予丙球和(或)换血治疗.     

家兔眼球后注射替曲朵辛的麻醉效果及毒副作用研究

目的 对替曲朵辛(TTX)溶液球后注射的麻醉效应、安全性和视网膜毒副作用进行初步评价。方法 健康成年家兔随机分组，每组6只，其中有眼球后注射不同剂量TTX及利多卡因溶液，左眼给予等量溶剂对照(柠檬酸钠缓冲液，pH4．3)；分别采用角膜感觉试验、裂隙灯、视网膜电图、光电镜检查进行观察。结果 球后注射10μg TTX可致家兔全部死亡；≤5μg剂量家兔全部存活；具有明显的局部麻醉作用；5μg剂量组可观察到轻微视网膜毒性作用；而≤2．5μg则未见眼部毒性反应。结论 球后注射低剂量TTX对家兔角膜可产生长效局部麻醉作用且无明显眼毒性反应，有希望应用于治疗某些疼痛性眼病及术中镇痛。     

二氧化氯消毒液的致畸性和亚急性毒性研究

目的研究二氧化氯消毒液的致畸性和亚急性毒性。方法设0.1、0.3和1.0g/kg体重三剂量组,进行致畸研究;设0.04、0.2和1.0g/kg体重三个剂量组,进行亚急性毒性试验,观察二氧化氯消毒液对妊娠大鼠的致畸胎性和对大鼠的蓄积毒性作用。结果三个剂量组各项指标均未见有明显的母体毒性和胚胎毒性、致畸性和亚急性毒性。结论在本实验条件下,二氧化氯消毒液无致畸性和亚急性毒性。