湖南省某县1990-001年出生儿童先天性心脏病发病状况分析

目的 了解安仁县1990-2001年出生儿童先天性心脏病的发生情况，探讨降低其发病率的措施，为卫生行政部门制定预防和健康干预提供参考依据。方法 对1990～2001年出生的围产儿进行监测登记，资料用Visual Foxpro建立数据库，并用SPSS10．0统计软件包对先心病的发病情况进行X^2检验等统计学分析。结果 监测安仁县1990-2001年出生儿童共47965名，其中先心病患儿53例，年平均发病率为1．10‰，不同年份的先心病发病率之间差异有显著性（X^2=9．44，P〈0．01）；男性发病率为1．55‰，女性发病率为0．53‰，两者差异有显著性（X^2=11．30，P〈0．01）。结论 安仁县先天性心脏病的发病率较低，但呈上升趋势，男女发病率差异有显著性。     

Cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin as a treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an analysis from the Chinese healthcare perspective

BackgroundThe effect of empagliflozin on the cardiovascular outcome is consistent in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. More evidence is needed regarding the cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin in HFrEF patients. This study sought to evaluate the economic outcomes of adding empagliflozin to the standard treatment for HFrEF patients from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, and thus to provide information for decision makers.MethodsBased on the EMPEROR-Reduced clinical trial and other published literature data, the direct medical costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of patients with HFrEF over a 15-year study period were simulated by a Markov model, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. The price of empagliflozin referred to the data released by Menet, the hospitalization expenses and utility values were derived from published studies in China. A one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the model.ResultsThe results of the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the cost of the combination arm was $5,220.98, with a utility of 4.86 QALYs, and the cost of the standard arm was $4,873.96, with a utility of 4.68 QALYs, which equated to an ICER of $1,893.59 per QALY gained. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with HFrEF and diabetes in empagliflozin group had a higher QALY (4.62 vs. 4.35) and a lower cost ($5,213.28 vs. $5,958.60) than standard group. The corresponding ICER for non-diabetic patients was $2,568.15 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed robust results. At the willingness-to-pay threshold of 3 times gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ($31,510.57), almost all of the scattered points in three scenarios were below the threshold line.ConclusionsAt a willingness-to-pay threshold of $31,510.57, adding empagliflozin to standard treatment is a very cost-effective option for HFrEF patients with or without diabetes in China.     

冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证治研究

痰瘀互结证为冠心病中医临床辨证的重要证候之一,痰浊与瘀血是冠心病发病最主要的两大病理因素,两者相互胶结贯穿该病发生、发展的始终.冠心病病位在心,与肝、脾、肾密切相关,治疗多从痰瘀同治,并根据其发病标本虚实,以及脏腑、气血阴阳失调等不同情况,按气虚、气滞、气阴两虚、阳虚、寒邪、热邪、毒邪的轻重加以辨证施治.该文通过对冠心...     

冠心病心肌缺血患者心功能与血清生化指标的相关性

目的 探讨冠心病心肌缺血患者心功能指标左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、A/E峰比值(A/E)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心房内径(LAD)与血清生化指标缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的相关性...     

1983-2002年慢性心力衰竭住院患者的病因分析

目的了解近20年慢性心力衰竭住院患者病因构成的变化.方法收集1983-2002年天津市一中心医院心脏内科,出院诊断为慢性心力衰竭的住院患者1 259例.以1983-1992年的患者为前10 a组,以1993-2002年的病例为后10 a组,比较分析两组原发、共患和多病因的构成.结果前10 a组原发病因为冠心病的构成比低于后10 a组,肺心病和高血压性心脏病高于后10 a组,差别均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.共患病因排序依次为高血压（44.00%）、糖尿病（16.4%）、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD,14.3%）、脑血管病（11.4%）、贫血（5.2%）.与前10a组比较,后10a组COPD共患病因减少（χ^2=45.22;P＜0.000 1）,其余共患病因均增加（P＜0.01）.前10 a组以单病因比例为多,后10 a组以多病因比例为多（P＜0.0001）.2种病因组合比例最高的为冠心病合并高血压,占33.8%;3种病因组合比例最高的为冠心病、高血压及糖尿病,占8.4%.结论慢性心力衰竭住院患者首位原发病因是冠心病,高血压、糖尿病、COPD是最常见的共患病因,后10 a组多病因合并比例显著高于前10 a组.     

心脏跳动下小儿心脏手术的临床经验

目的总结浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下施行小儿心脏手术的经验.方法在浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下完成小儿心脏手术88例,总结气栓防止、术野显露及体外循环相关的经验. 结果 88例手术顺利,术野显露达到要求,无气栓发生,1例手术死亡. 结论浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下心脏手术的方法具有实用价值,但对手术操作和体外循环提出了新的要求.     

Heart rate variability,exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis

Background:Autonomic nervous system balance is altered in cystic fibrosis (CF), although its influence on physical fitness has been poorly explored.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the association of heart rate variability (HRV) with exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate CF.Methods:A cross-sectional study including individuals with CF aged 6–18 years, not under CFTR modulator therapy, was performed. Sociodemographic (age, sex) and clinical information (airway colonization, pancreatic insufficiency, and genotyping) were collected. In addition, exercise capacity (modified shuttle test — MST), lung function (spirometry), body composition (bioimpedance), levels of daily physical activity (5-day accelerometer), and HRV (both at rest and during the MST) were evaluated.Results:30 individuals (20 females) aged 11.2±3.7 years, mean FEV162.8±27.6%, were included. A sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) increase (p<0.001) during the MST was shown, indicating a predominance of sympathetic modulation. The standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) and the high frequency (HF) index during exercise correlated significantly with FEV₁ (r=0.45, p=0.01 and r=0.46, p=0.01; respectively). MST distance also correlated positively and significantly with SDNN (r=0.43, p=0.01), square root of the mean of the sums of squares of frequencies between RR intervals greater than 50 ms — RMSSD (r=0.53, p<0.01), low frequency — LF (r=0.48, p<0.01), HF (r=0.64, p<0.01), dispersion of points perpendicular to the short-term identity line — SD1 (r=0.40, p=0.02) and negatively with LF/HF (r=−0.57, p<0.01). Regarding daily physical activity, SDNN at rest (r=0.37, p=0.04) and exercise (r=0.41, p=0.02) showed positive correlations with time in moderate-to-vigorous activities. When normalizing the SDNN and classifying individuals as normal or altered, those presenting altered SDNN showed poorest FEV₁ (p=0.001) and lower exercise capacity (p=0.027).Conclusion:HRV correlates with lung function, exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with CF. The study highlights the influence of CF on autonomic function and suggests HRV measurement as an easy tool to be used in clinical settings as an alternative marker to monitor CF individuals.     

Phospholamban p.Arg14del Cardiomyopathy: A Japanese Case Series

Phospholamban p.Arg14del is reported to cause hereditary cardiomyopathy with malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT) and advanced heart failure. However, the clinical courses of Japanese cardiomyopathy patients with phospholamban p.Arg14del remain uncharacterized. We identified five patients with this variant. All patients were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), developed end-stage heart failure and experienced VT requiring implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge. Four patients survived after implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), while one patient who refused LVAD implantation died of heart failure. Based on the severe course of the disease, we propose genetic screening for phospholamban p.Arg14del in DCM patients.     

Chylous Ascites Due to Hyperthyroidism and Heart Failure

Chylous ascites (CA) is the accumulation of fluid with a high triglyceride content in the peritoneal cavity. Only two cases in the literature have reported CA with hyperthyroidism. A 28-year-old previously healthy woman presented with gradual-onset abdominal swelling, exertional dyspnea, and diarrhea. Hyperthyroidism and heart failure were diagnosed using laboratory investigation and echocardiography. Ultrasonography revealed a large amount of ascites. The ascitic fluid was milky with elevated triglyceride levels. Treatment with anti-thyroid therapy and diuretics improved all symptoms, and the free triiodothyronine (T3) level normalized after five days. Hyperthyroidism and heart failure should be considered as reversible causes of CA.