Importance of 123I-ioflupane SPECT and Myocardial MIBG Scintigraphy to Determine the Candidate of Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

¹²³I-ioflupane SPECT (DaTscan) is an examination that detects presynaptic dopamine neuronal dysfunction, and has been used as a diagnostic tool to identify degenerative parkinsonism. Additionally, myocardial ¹²³I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy measures the concentration of cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers and is used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD). These exams are used as adjuncts in the diagnosis of parkinsonism, however, the relationship of these two examinations are not well-known. We investigated the relationship of these two scanning results specifically for determining the use of deep brain stimulation therapy (DBS). Subjects were Japanese patients with suspected striatonigral degeneration, including PD; DaTscans and myocardial MIBG scintigraphy were performed. The mean values of the left-right specific binding ratios (SBRs) from the DaTscan, and the early/delayed heart-to-mediastinum ratios (HMRs) from the MIBG scintigraphy were calculated. Using simple linear regression analysis, we compared the SBR and early/delayed HMR values. Twenty-four patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty-one patients were positive via the DaTscan, and the MIBG scintigraphy results showed 14 patients were positive. SBR and both early and delayed HMR were positively correlated in cases of PD, but negative in non-PD cases. A mean SBR value less than 3.0 and a delayed HMR value less than 1.7 indicated a Hoehn-Yahr stage 3 or 4 for PD, which is commonly regarded as a level appropriate for initiating DBS therapy. Our results indicate that performing both DaTscan and MIBG scintigraphy is useful for the evaluation of surgical intervention in PD.     

AKA、抗CCP、RF联合检测对类风湿性关节炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、抗环胍氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP)和类风湿因子(RF)联合检测对类风湿性关节炎(RA)的诊断价值.方法 收集自2006年12月至2011年12月期间在我院检查的RA患者120例,其他自身免疫病患者120例和健康对照者120例的血清,分别采用间接免疫荧光法、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和颗粒增强速率散射比浊法检测AKA、抗CCP和RF,比较3种抗体单独和联合检测对诊断RA的敏感性和特异性.结果 类风湿性关节炎患者三种抗体的阳性率均高于其他自身免疫病患者和健康对照者(P<0.05).抗CCP的敏感性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均比其他两种抗体高、AKA的特异性最好.三种抗体联合检测诊断RA的敏感度可达84.17%,比单独检测单一抗体的敏感性都高.结论 联合检测AKA、抗CCP及RF对于RA的诊断和早期诊断具有重要的应用价值.     

一种新型胍类消毒剂杀菌效果及毒性研究

目的观察一种新型胍类消毒剂的杀菌效果及其消毒相关性能。方法采用悬液定量杀菌试验和动物实验,对该胍类消毒剂杀菌效果及毒性进行了实验室研究。结果用浓度为6 000 mg/L聚-[2-(2-乙氧基)-乙氧基乙酯]胍消毒剂溶液作用2.5 min,对悬液内大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌平均杀灭对数值均>5.00。用相同浓度的该消毒液对果蔬浸泡作用10 min,对果蔬表面人工染菌平均杀灭对数值为3.79。该胍类消毒剂对小鼠急性经口毒性LD50值>5 000 mg/kg(体重),其原液对实验动物完整皮肤无刺激性。结论该胍类消毒剂能有效杀灭细菌繁殖体,性能稳定,对动物皮肤无刺激性,属实际无毒类物质。     

Isoform-specific proteolysis of apolipoprotein-E in the brain

Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) plays important roles in neurobiology and the apoE4 isoform increases risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE peptides are biologically active and may be produced in the brain. It is unclear if apoE proteolysis is dependent on isoform or AD status and this was addressed here. Hippocampus, frontal cortex, occipital lobe and cerebellum samples were homogenized into fractions that were soluble in Tris-buffered saline (TBS), Triton X-100 or guanidine hydrochloride and analysed for apoE fragmentation by Western blotting. Approximately 20% of apoE3 was detected as fragments and this was predominantly as a 25 kDa peptide in TBS-soluble fractions. The concentration of TBS-soluble apoE fragments was two- to three-fold higher in apoE3 compared to apoE4 subjects. This difference was observed in all areas of the brain examined and was not related to AD status. Cathepsin-D treatment generated apoE fragments that were very similar to those detected in brain, however, no apoE isoform-specific differences in susceptibility to cathepsin-D proteolysis were detected. This indicates that proteolytic processing of apoE to form soluble fragments in the human brain is dependent on apoE isoform but not AD status.     

磷酸盐对人胎盘碱性磷酸酶胍变性的影响

①目的　观察磷酸盐对人胎盘碱性磷酸酶 (HPAP)胍变性的影响 ,为酶活性部位的柔性理论提供证据。②方法　应用分光光度法测定有磷酸盐及无磷酸盐存在时 ,HPAP在胍变性过程中的活力变化。③结果　低浓度的盐酸胍 (<0 .5mol/L)使变性平衡态酶活力增强 ,在有磷酸盐存在时 ,酶活力增加的更为明显 ;随着盐酸胍浓度的增加 ,酶逐渐失活 ;当盐酸胍浓度 >2 .0mol/L时 ,酶活力迅速下降 ;当盐酸胍浓度为 3.0mol/L时 ,酶活力完全丧失。但有磷酸盐存在时 ,盐酸胍浓度达到 5 .0mol/L时 ,酶活力才完全丧失。④结论　磷酸盐对HPAP胍变性有保护作用 ,提示磷酸盐降低了酶活性部位的柔性     

Chemical characterization and comparative cellular effects of meta-iodobenzyl guanidine and benzyl guanidine

meta-Iodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) combines the structural properties of the neuron-blocking agents bretylium and guanethidine and is being used increasingly for various clinical applications. Different samples of MIBG were assayed for possible contamination with benzyl guanidine (BG). Fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) analysis showed a prominent but variable m/z 150 signal, corresponding to a protonated BG. The MS/MS fragmentation pattern of these [M + H]⁺ ions was similar to that obtained from FAB-MS-generated, protonated BG, confirming the proposed molecule and associated structures. RP-HPLC analysis of both guanidines, however, excluded the possibility of contamination of MIBG with BG. It was therefore concluded that the BG signal was an artifact of the FAB-MS procedure. In addition, the importance of the meta-substituted iodine for the biological activity of MIBG was investigated. Three different biochemical and cell-biological properties of MIBG were compared with those of its precursor MIBA and BG. The assays used were: inhibition of the catecholamine “Uptake I” system in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma and PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and general cytotoxicity in L1210 leukemia cells. Of the drugs tested, MIBG was the most efficient in Uptake I inhibition and was more toxic in survival assays, but as compared with BG it was almost equipotent in inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. These findings contribute to a further elucidation of the mechanism by which MIBG exerts its various actions. Received: 27 May 1996 / Accepted: 22 December 1996     

双氧胍复合消毒湿巾抑菌效果的实验研究

为了解双氧胍复合消毒湿巾的抑菌效果和刺激性,采用抑菌环试验和动物试验对其进行了观察。结果,以含20g/L双氧胍复合消毒液浸湿无纺布制成的湿巾对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌环平均直径分别为11.91mm和10.18mm。40g/L双氧胍复合消毒液对家兔皮肤和眼刺激试验的平均刺激积分指数均为0,属无刺激性。结论,20g/L双氧胍复合消毒湿巾对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌均有较强抑菌作用,40g/L双氧胍复合消毒液对皮肤黏膜无刺激性。     

2-氨基咪唑硫酸盐的制备

目的：合成2－氨基咪唑硫酸盐。方法：以氨基乙醛缩甲醇制备的N－（2，2－二甲氧基乙基）胍硫酸盐经盐酸催化环合制得2－氨基咪唑硫酸盐。结果：产物结构经^1HNMR确证；溶点与文献一致；收率70％－81．5％。结论：该法成本低，反应条件温和，收率高，易于生产。