一种含聚六亚甲基胍医用消毒湿巾的杀菌效果评价

目的 研究一种含聚六亚甲基胍医用消毒湿巾的杀菌效果。 方法 通过载体定量杀灭试验和现场消毒试验对该消毒湿巾的杀菌效果进行实验室评价。 结果 该消毒湿巾作用10 min,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌平均杀灭率可达100.00%,对白色念珠菌平均杀灭率可达99.28%;作用15 min,对白色念珠菌平均杀灭率可达100.00%。该消毒湿巾对物体表面平均杀灭对数平均值为(1.93±0.36),对豚鼠完整皮肤无刺激性。 结论 该聚六亚甲基消毒湿巾杀菌效果优良,可用于医院和其它公共场所的物体表面消毒。     

聚六亚甲基胍杀灭致病弧菌效果及其对海产养殖动物毒性

目的研究聚六亚甲基胍消毒液杀灭致病弧菌效果及其对海产养殖动物的毒性。方法用试管稀释法测定聚六亚甲基胍对致病弧菌的最低抑制浓度和最低杀灭浓度,并在实验室观察该消毒剂对4种海生动物的急性毒性作用。结果聚六亚甲基胍对副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、漂浮弧菌、哈维弧菌、鳗弧菌及沙蚕弧菌的最低抑制浓度和最低杀灭浓度分别为1.5和3.0 mg/L。聚六亚甲基胍对南美白对虾、大菱鲆和刺参48 h LC50值分别为25.87mg/L、179.91 mg/L及6.67 mg/L;作用48 h杂色鲍无死亡。聚六亚甲基胍含量在125 mg/L范围内对日本对虾受精卵孵化率无影响,含量0.5 mg/L以内对无节幼体变态率无明显影响。结论聚六亚甲基胍对水生动物致病弧菌具有很强杀灭作用,对海产养殖动物的存活、生长和发育均无明显影响。     

Automation of nucleic acid extraction for NAT screening of individual blood units

BACKGROUND: Automation of NAT for single units of blood is currently hampered by the labor-intensive steps involved in the extraction of nucleic acids from samples before the amplification procedures. A new method has been developed for the automation of these steps using hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filter plates. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Quantitative nucleic acid recoveries from sera containing HCV, HIV, HBV, HAV, and human parvovirus B19 and from 3H-labeled HCV RNA were determined in parallel by the semi-automated PVDF method and a single-column method (Qiagen). Quantitative PCR was performed. RESULTS: Similar recoveries of HCV, HIV, and HBV (with silica beads) were observed with the PVDF method and with the Qiagen single-column method. The sensitivity of the PVDF-based PCR assay for HCV, HIV, and HBV in serially diluted serum samples was always within two serial dilutions of that obtained when the Qiagen single-column method was used in the same assays. With the use of 3H-labeled HCV RNA, recoveries of approximately 70 percent were found by both methods. CONCLUSION: The PVDF method will permit full automation of the simultaneous extraction of nucleic acid from sera containing HCV, HIV, and HBV. This procedure will permit NAT screening of individual units of blood, will replace the current screening of pools, and will achieve improved blood safety with reduced labor and costs.     

Detection of metastatic lesions from malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with 18F-FDG positron emission tomography and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic features of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) as compared with 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and (123)I-meta-iodo-benzyl guanidine scintigraphy (MIBG) on metastatic lesions of patients with malignant pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. METHODS: We prospectively studied 11 patients with histologically confirmed pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and possible metastatic lesions. FDG-PET, MIBG, and DWI examinations were performed within 1 week, and the images were visually interpreted. Abnormal positive uptake either on MIBG or on FDG-PET was considered as metastases. Abnormal high signal intensities on DWI were considered as metastases using conventional T1-and T2-weighted images as reference. RESULTS: FDG-PET and DWI demonstrated metastatic lesions in all 11 patients, but MIBG showed no metastatic lesions in two patients. The numbers of lymph node metastases depicted on FDG-PET, MIBG, and DWI were 19, 6, and 39; bone metastases were 50, 49, and 60; liver metastases were 9, 9, and 15; lung metastases were 5, 7, and 5, respectively. MIBG failed to demonstrate many metastatic lesions, which were demonstrated on FDG-PET or DWI, although two mediastinal lymph node metastases, three lung metastases, and six bone metastases, which were not seen on DWI, were clearly demonstrated on MIBG. DWI showed 15 liver metastases, but 6 of them were not seen on FDG-PET or MIBG. CONCLUSIONS: DWI may be particularly advantageous in depicting lymph node and liver metastases and may have a higher rate of detecting metastatic lesions when compared with MIBG or FDG-PET. The limitations of DWI were possible false-positive finding, and probable lower detectability of mediastinal lymph node and lung metastasis.     

含有胍基片段的海洋生物碱及其生物合成途径研究进展

含有胍基片段的海洋生物碱是海洋生物产生的一类独特的次级代谢产物,在新药研发中具有重大的潜在价值。本篇综述旨在介绍1989-2019年期间从海洋中获得的含有胍基片段的生物碱,讨论其在来源、抗肿瘤活性及生物合成方面的研究进展,为从海洋胍基生物碱中探寻先导化合物提供依据。     

Effect of D-penicillamine and β-aminopropionitrile on collagen breakdown of carrageenin granuloma in rats

The effects of D-penicillamine and β-aminopropionitrile on collagen breakdown of carrageenin granuloma was studied by measuring the amounts of dialysable hydroxyproline formed during incubation in vitro of minced granulation tissue from rats treated with the drugs. D-Penicillamine or β-aminopropionitrile fumarate were injected into the granuloma pouch for 7 or 8 days after carrageenin injection. The collagenolytic activity of granulation tissue was increased by β-aminopropionitrile fumarate treatment, while D-penicillamine was ineffective. The changes in tissue collagenolytic activity are discussed in connection with the increased solubility of the tissue collagen.     

克大克消毒液杀菌效果与毒理学研究

克大克消毒液以聚六亚甲基胍为主要杀菌成分,采用载体定量杀菌试验和动物毒性试验对其杀菌效果和毒理学进行了实验室研究。结果,以含2000 mg/L聚六亚甲基胍消毒液作用3 m in,对载体上金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌平均杀灭率达99.99%以上;用3750 mg/L该消毒液作用5 m in,对白色念珠菌杀灭率达99.99%以上。菌悬液内含体积分数25%小牛血清对杀菌效果有轻度影响。该消毒液对小鼠急性经口毒性试验LD50>5000 mg/kg.bw;对皮肤和粘膜无刺激性。蓄积系数K>5;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验阴性。结论,聚六亚甲基胍消毒液对细菌繁殖体和白色念珠菌具有一定杀灭作用,口服毒性属于无毒类物质,对皮肤黏膜无刺激性。     

一种隐形眼镜护理液杀灭微生物效果的试验观察

一种隐形眼镜护理液主要杀菌成分为聚六亚甲基胍。采用悬液定量杀菌试验对该护理液杀灭细菌繁殖体和酵母菌的效果进行了实验室观察,以便了解其消毒效果。结果,以该护理液原液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌作用3 h,杀灭率均达到100%;对白色念珠菌作用6 h,杀灭率为97.60%。体积分数10%小牛血清对其杀菌效果无明显影响。用该护理液原液浸泡隐形眼镜新镜片6 h,对镜片上金黄色葡萄球菌平均消除率为99.92%,对白色念珠菌平均消除率为99.45%。结论,该护理液原液对细菌繁殖体和酵母菌具有很好的杀灭效果,性能稳定。     

改良盐酸胍法提取脐血DNA 用于HLA基因分型

为了比较经典的盐酸胍(Gu·HCl)抽提DNA法和改良盐酸胍抽提DNA法在提取脐血DNA的效果,探讨这两种方法在脐血组织相溶性抗原(HLA)基因分型中的应用,使用盐酸胍抽提DNA法和改良盐酸胍抽提DNA法提取72例脐血标本的DNA,并分别测定其DNA的浓度和纯度,采用序列特异性引物聚合酶反应方法(PCRSSP)比较这两种方法所提取的DNA.结果表明两种方法提取脐血DNA均获成功;根据对DNA的质量监测发现,用改良盐酸胍抽提DNA在质量上较盐酸胍法好;用于HLA基因分型时,改良盐酸胍抽提DNA法可减少非特异性条带的出现.结论改良盐酸胍抽提DNA法不但操作简便,成本下降,而且在最少血量中能提取出高纯度的DNA,减少非特异性条带的出现.该法完全可以满足脐血库的日常脐血样品DNA的提取以及脐血HLA基因分型的要求.     

Secondary structural properties of the oligomeric forms of mouse IgA and the unusual effect of guanidine hydrochloride*

The circular dichroism spectra of the monomer, dimer and tetramer forms of MOPC 167 mouse IgA are reported. The spectra were very similar in the aromatic region (250–310nm) but the intensity of the negative band at 217nm, arising from the peptide backbone, was higher in the dimer and tetramer (— 4600 degree cm² dmol^-1) than in the monomer (— 3400 degree cm² dmol^-1). When monomer and dimer IgA were exposed to concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride around 1.3 M, the 217 nm band increased in intensity, twofold in the case of the monomer, and solutions of the dimer became turbid, indicating aggregation of the proteins and formation of a cross-β-structure. At concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride of above 2.3 M both proteins were similarly denatured, indicating that dimerization through J chain does not alter the stability of IgA. The aggregating effect of guanidine hydrochloride did not occur with samples of human IgA1 and IgA2 and may be related to the unusual CH1 domain of mouse IgA.