盐酸聚六亚甲基胍复方消毒剂对空气消毒效果的试验观察

目的观察一种以盐酸聚六亚甲基胍为主要杀菌成分的复方消毒剂对空气的杀菌效果。方法采用中和剂悬液定量法选择有效的中和剂后进行空气消毒效果鉴定试验。结果该消毒剂主要杀菌成分盐酸聚六亚甲基胍含量为0.49%。设计3组中和剂配方,只有含5%吐温-80、3%卵磷脂、1%皂基、1%甘氨酸的TPS溶液组成的中和剂符合规范要求。用含量为4 900 mg/L的盐酸聚六亚甲基胍消毒液作用60 min,对1、20 m3气雾柜空气中白色葡萄球菌平均杀灭率分别达99.94%、99.95%;对空气中自然菌作用60 min,平均消亡率达98.85%。结论盐酸聚六亚甲基胍消毒剂经适当的中和剂中和后,对空气中白色葡萄球菌和自然菌均具有较好的杀菌效果。     

Structural characterisation, stability and antibody recognition of chimeric NHBA-GNA1030: an investigational vaccine component against Neisseria meningitidis

A new generation multi-component vaccine, principally directed against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (4CMenB), has recently been developed. One of its components, identified through reverse vaccinology, is the neisserial heparin-binding antigen (NHBA) which is included in the formulation as a novel NHBA-GNA1030 fusion protein (NHBA-FP). We describe here the biophysical characteristics of this vaccine antigen to understand better its structural properties in solution and concurrent immunogenicity prior to formulation. By deliberately stressing the protein to lose its immune responses, we were able to study the protein's structural changes at the molecular level. The unmodified NHBA-FP was found to be mainly monomeric with mass of 67kDa and secondary structure dominated by β-sheets and turns (57% average). The antigen was very stable in storage buffer. It could be forced to unfold in a low-salt buffer resulting in the exposure of one of its two tryptophan residues at 50°C. Long-term stress studies (10-15 days at 37°C) showed modification in the chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles with progressive degradation and aggregation. Since there was little change in secondary structure (as monitored by circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy), the loss of functional immunogenicity of the thermal stressed protein could be mainly attributed to the observed fragmentation and aggregation. We therefore conclude that the maintenance of the intact, non-fragmented state of the NHBA-FP is important to preserve its functional immunogenicity. This may thus be utilised as an assay for the control testing of the protein.     

Actions of guanidine hydrochloride on cat spinal monosynaptic reflex transmission

The effects of a single intravenous dose of guanidine hydrochloride were examined on the function of the lumbar dorsal-ventral root and triceps surae nerve-ventral root monosynaptic reflex (MSR) in unanesthetized acute spinal (C-1 sectioned) cats. Guanidine, in a dose of 25 mg/kg, consistently depressed the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex response while a dose of 200 mg/kg always exerted a facilitatory action. Intermediate doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg produced variable actions on the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex from one preparation to another. The differential effects of guanidine on the evoked monosynaptic reflex are postulated to represent the ability of the drug to enhance both excitatory and inhibitory transmission, the latter predominating at smaller doses and the former becoming apparent with an increasing dose of guanidine. The facilitatory and the depressant effects of guanidine on the function of spinal reflexes were slow to develop, suggesting an intracellular site of action. These results may have significance for an understanding of the possible efficacy of guanidine in motor neuron disease in man.     

Cutaneous irritation in the topical application of 30 antineoplastic agents to New Zealand white rabbits

Of 30 antineoplastic agents studied for their primary irritation potential in rabbits, 9 showed some potential for irritation. Five of these 9 agents produced a significant dermal irritation. None of the irritation observed was considered to be irreversible skin damage. The study further showed a strong correlation between irritation observed by the Draize method and acute inflammation evaluated histopathologically. There was a tendency toward increased epidermal thickness of irritated skin sites. None of the agents produced gross or microscopically visible lesions in the internal organs observed.     

Effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on plasma and urine levels of cyclic GMP in relation to exercise in coronary patients compared with control subjects

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) relax vascular smooth muscle increasing levels of cyclic guanosine 3': 5' monophosphate (cGMP). Nitrovasodilators act as exogenous nitric oxide donors. The aim of this study was to ascertain the response of cGMP to exercise without medication and after the administration of 20 mg of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) in coronary patients ( n = 8) and healthy control subjects ( n = 9). A third group of 10 normal volunteers was studied to test plasma cGMP response to second exercise test without IS-5-MN administration. Plasma cGMP increased significantly in both patients ( P <0.02) and controls ( P <0.01) after the first ergometry. After IS-5-MN administration, plasma cGMP did not increase either before or after exercise. In normal volunteers without IS-5-MN plasma cGMP increased significantly after first ( P < 0.004) and second ( P < 0.0008) exercise test. In conclusion, plasma cGMP increases during exercise. Administration of IS-5-MN does not raise plasma cGMP and neither does performance of further exercise after its administration.     

Increases in HPV-16/18 antibody avidity and HPV-specific memory B-cell response in mid-adult aged men post-dose three of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine

Strong quantitative and functional antibody responses to the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine were reported in mid-adult aged men, but there are limited data on the avidity of the antibody response and the memory B-cell response following vaccination. Although circulating antibodies induced by vaccination are believed to be the main mediators of protection against infection, evaluation of avidity of antibodies and memory B cell responses are critical for a better understanding of the vaccine immunogenicity mechanisms. Both the modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay are tools to measure the humoral and cellular immune responses post vaccination to characterize vaccine immunogenicity. The avidity of HPV-16 and HPV-18 specific IgG in the serum of mid-adult aged men (N = 126) who received three quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses was examined using a modified ELISA. HPV-16 memory B-cell responses were assessed via ELISpot at month 0 (prior to vaccination) and 1-month post-dose three of the vaccine (month 7). The quadrivalent vaccine induced an increase in HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibody avidity at month 7. HPV-18 avidity levels moderately correlated with anti-HPV-18 antibody titers, but no association was observed for HPV-16 antibody titers and avidity levels. The HPV-16-specific memory B-cell response was induced following three vaccine doses, however, no association with anti-HPV-16 antibody avidity was observed. Three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine increased antibody affinity maturation for HPV-16/18 and increased the frequency of anti-HPV-16 memory B-cells in mid-adult aged men.     

嗜铬细胞瘤的131I-MIBG显像诊断与病理对照分析

目的 评价＾１３１Ｉ－间位碘卞胍（＾１３１Ｉ－ＭＩＢＧ）显像对嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法 观察２１例经病理证实为嗜铬细胞瘤患者的Ｂ超、ＣＴ、尿香草基杏仁酸（ＶＭＡ）和＾１３１Ｉ－ＭＩＢＧ显像结果,并与病理结果进行回顾性对照分析。结果 Ｂ超、ＣＴ、尿ＶＭＡ对嗜铬细胞瘤的检出率分别为８１％、９０．５％和６８．４％,＾１３１Ｉ－ＭＩＢＧ显像对嗜铬细胞瘤的检出率达１００％,＾１３１Ｉ－ＭＩＢＧ显像的敏感性     

I -123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging for predicting ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure patients

Compared to antiarrhythmic drugs, implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） leads to a more significant im- provement in preventing ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure patients. However, an important question has been raised that how to select appropriate patients for ICD therapy. 1-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine （MIBG） planar and SPECT imaging have shown great potentials to predict ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure patients by as- sessing the abnormalities of the sympathetic nervous system. Clinical trials demonstrated that several parameters measured from 1-123 MIBG planar and SPECT imaging, such as heart-to-mediastinum ratio, washout rate, defect score, and innervation/perfusion mismatch, predicted ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure patients. This paper introduces the current practice of ICD therapy and reviews the technical background of 1-123 MIBG planar and SPECT imaging and their clinical data in predicting ventricular arrhythmia.     

适用于结核分枝杆菌RNA抽提的实验方法学研究

目的分枝杆菌的细胞壁结构和成分特殊而复杂,在RNA提取的实验方法学上是否区别于一般的细菌,有待考察。本文使用了异硫氰酸胍提取法与商业化的细菌RNA抽提试剂盒法进行对照,对减活牛型分枝杆菌卡介苗(BCG)进行RNA的抽提,进而确定了适用于分枝杆菌RNA抽提的最优方法。方法分别用异硫氰酸胍提取法和E.Z.N.A.~(TM)Bacterial RNA提取试剂盒从一定量的卡介苗细菌培养物中提取RNA,用Nanodrop2000c检测抽提所得的RNA的浓度和纯度。结果用异硫氰酸胍法从1到30 mg的BCG中均能提取到大量的RNA,而用E.Z.N.A.TMBacterial RNA提取试剂盒几乎未提取到RNA,而且在纯度上前者好于后者。结论异硫氰酸胍的裂解效率远远高于溶菌酶。对于分枝杆菌例如结核分枝杆菌RNA的提取应该使用异硫氰酸胍法。     

1-烷基-3-[4-(苯并噻唑-2-巯基)苯基]胍类化合物的合成及其生物活性

目的:合成1-烷基-3-[4-(苯并噻唑-2-巯基)苯基]胍类化合物,寻找有一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制活性的新型化合物。方法:以N-苯基胍为母核,在苯基对位引入苯并噻唑-2-巯基,胍中其他氮上分别引入烷基、环烷基、芳烷基等,并测定这些胍类化合物的NOS抑制活性。结果和结论:合成了13个胍类化合物,其结构经IR1、H NMR、MS和元素分析得到确证;初步药理实验结果表明,在10-6mol/L浓度下,测得5个化合物(Ⅱ6,Ⅱ7,Ⅱ8,Ⅱ11,Ⅱ12)对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放NO有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物Ⅱ7的抑制率大于15%。其他样品在此浓度下未观察到明显变化。