Infection dynamics and virus-induced apoptosis in cell culture-based influenza vaccine production—Flow cytometry and mathematical modeling

Cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing is of growing importance. Depending on virus strains, differences in infection dynamics, virus-induced apoptosis, cell lysis and virus yields are observed. Comparatively little is known concerning details of virus–host cell interaction on a cellular level and virus spreading in a population of cells in bioreactors. In this study, the infection of MDCK cells with different influenza A virus strains in lab-scale microcarrier culture was investigated by flow cytometry. Together with the infection status of cells, virus-induced apoptosis was monitored. A mathematical model has been formulated to describe changes in the concentration of uninfected and infected adherent cells, dynamics of virus particle release (infectious virions, hemagglutinin content), and the time course of the percentage composition of the cell population.     

高血压病肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞端粒酶活性表达的研究

目的 :探讨高血压病动脉平滑肌组织端粒酶活性与高血压的发病关系。方法 :采用PCR -ELISA法检测 30例高血压病患者和 2 0例血压正常者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞 (SMC)端粒酶活性。结果 :高血压患者端粒酶阳性表达 2 8例 (93.3% )。血压正常者端粒酶阳性表达 3例 (15 % )。差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :高血压病动脉平滑肌细胞端粒酶活性的表达升高 ,可能与高血压发病有关。     

Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors: Problems and prospects

This review is devoted to the problem of induction of differently directed NMDA-dependent longterm plasticity in the central nervous system and their transformation into pathological changes. Their hypothetical mechanisms and the corresponding experimental data are discussed. Special attention is paid to the functional characteristics of synaptic and extrasynaptic NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B receptors, their different involvement in the spatiotemporal organization of Ca²⁺ signaling, and peculiarities of biochemical reactions of the cell. The possible structural reorganization of NMDA receptors as one of the kinds of plasticity is also analyzed.     

不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠催醒效果观察

目的研究侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠脑电图（electroencephalogram,EEG）、翻正反射消失（loss of righting reflex,LRR）持续时间、共济失调等的影响。方法腹腔注射氯胺酮75mg/kg及咪达唑仑5mg/kg麻醉大鼠后,侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin2A,通过大鼠脑电δ波比例、LRR持续时间及共济失调监测,了解不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠催醒效果。结果与对照组相比,侧脑室注射orexin2A1nmol后,大鼠脑电δ波、LRR持续时间及共济失调时间,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;侧脑室注射orexin2A4、7、10nmol后,大鼠脑电δ波、LRR持续时间及共济失调时间,差异有统计学意义（t=22.81～36.45,P〈0.01）;高剂量组与超高剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论侧脑室注射orexin2A可使麻醉深度变浅,麻醉时间缩短,并可促进麻醉后运动功能恢复,存在一定的量效关系。     

肾移植术后普通环孢素A与环孢素A微乳剂对移植肾功能影响的系统评价

目的评价肾移植术后普通环孢素A与环孢素A微乳剂对受者移植肾功能影响的差异。方法遵循Cochrane肾脏协作组随机对照试验检索策略，检索MEDLINE（1994—2006．3）、EMBASE（1994～2006．3）、中国生物医学文献数据库CBM（1994—2006．3）、Cochrane图书馆（2005年第4期）与肾移植相关的8种中文杂志。采用Revman4．2．7进行Meta分析。结果共有5个随机对照试验纳入研究，包括1671例同种异体尸体肾移植患者。结论肾移植术后使用普通环孢素A与环孢素A微乳剂相比受者移植肾功能无明显差异，但环孢素A微乳剂肾毒性发生率较高。     

Effect of a minor vitamin A deficiency on the course of infection with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascaridia galli</Emphasis> (Schrank, 1788) and the resistance of chickens

Summary The effect of vitamin A deficiency was studied in chickens infected with 500 Ascaridia galli eggs and controls. Diet 1 (deficient, 500 IU vitamin A or 172 μg retinol acetate per kg diet), Diet 2 (deficient, 1000 IU vitamin A or 344 μg retinol acetate per kg diet) and Diet 3 (sufficient, 1500 IU vitamin A or 516 μg retinol acetate per kg diet) were assigned to 46 chickens each. Clinical signs, weight gains, livers’ weights, vitamin A levels, worm burdens and parasite eggs’ excretions were recorded. Infected chickens had lower weight gains than the controls fed alike. Chickens given Diet 1 stored lesser vitamin A in liver than those fed Diet 3. Although worm counts in the 3 groups did not differ significantly, chickens fed Diet 1 excreted more A. galli eggs than those fed the 2 other diets. Female worms harboured by chickens fed Diet 1 had higher fecundity at week 5 pi than those of chickens fed Diet 2. Results indicated that Vitamin A is important for poultry in the moderation of the infection with A. galli.     

Physiological neutrophilia of pregnancy is not associated with a rise in plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

A patient with neutropenia and life-threatening infections secondary to T-γ lymphoproliferative disease, who did not respond to treatment with recombinant human G-CSF (filgrastim), was treated with filgrastim plus cyclosporine A (CyA). The patient achieved a good response in the absolute neutrophil count and subsequently required a dose reduction in the filgrastim. The patient was eventually discontinued from the CyA but continues on filgrastim alone. While on therapy, the large granular lymphocytes disappeared from the circulation and the beta-TCR rearrangement, which was present prior to beginning therapy, became undetectable. The patient had no significant toxicity to the CyA or the filgrastim and he has not experienced any serious infections or required hospitalization. Filgrastim has proven to be relatively nontoxic and of some benefit to patients with this disease and should probably be utilized first when treatment is necessary. However, if improvement is not observed, these findings suggest that a trial of the combination of CyA plus filgrastim may be beneficial.     

Involvement of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in homosynaptic long-term depression of the rat hippocampus

Low-frequency stimulation is associated with long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy in various brain structures. Like long-term potentiation (LTP), homosynaptic LTD in area CA1 of the hippocampus appears to require NMDA receptor activation, changes in postsynaptic calcium concentration and phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) activation. Arachidonic acid (AA) is released after the activation of calcium-dependent phospholipases and free AA is rapidly metabolized to a family of bioactive products (the eicosanoids) which are thought to be both intracellular and extracellular messengers. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of AA metabolism in the formation of homosynaptic LTD in the rat hippocampus. Stimulation at 1 Hz for 15 min was used to produce homosynaptic depression in area CA1 of hippocampal slices. LTD induction was partially blocked by bromophenacyl bromide (50–100 μM), a selective PLA₂ inhibitor, and by the a nonselective lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; 100 μM). In contrast, the specific cyclooxygenase blocker indomethacin (100 μM) did not significantly reduce hippocampal LTD. Since NDGA interferes with LTD formation, we examined whether specific inhibitors of 5- and 12-lipoxygenases were capable of blocking LTD expression. The 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein at a concentration of 50 μM reduced LTP formation when given in the bath, an effect that was less pronounced with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861. These data suggest that the activation of endogenous PLA₂ and the formation of 12-lipoxygenase metabolites of AA may be important factors controlling the expression of hippocampal LTD.     

斑点免疫渗滤法检测丙肝IgG抗体试剂盒的研制

用基因工程重组的丙肝抗原包被于硝酸纤维素膜，建立了检测丙肝ＩｇＧ抗体的斑点免疫渗滤法。与ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒进行双盲式同步测定，二法检验结果差异无显著性。渗滤法简便快速，适用于各级医院，有很强的推广价值。