Propylene oxide in blood and soluble nonprotein thiols in nasal mucosa and other tissues of male Fischer 344/N rats exposed to propylene oxide vapors--relevance of glutathione depletion for propylene oxide-induced rat nasal tumors.

High concentrations of propylene oxide (PO) induced inflammation in the respiratory nasal mucosa (RNM) of rodents. Concentrations > or =300 ppm caused nasal tumors. In order to investigate if glutathione depletion could be relevant for these effects, we determined in PO exposed male Fischer 344/N rats PO in blood and soluble nonprotein SH-groups (NPSH) in RNM and other tissues. Rats were exposed once (6 h) to PO concentrations between 0 and 750 ppm, and repeatedly for up to 20 days (6 h, 5 days/week) to concentrations between 0 and 500 ppm. At the end of the exposures, PO in blood and NPSH in tissues were determined. PO in blood was dependent on concentration and duration of exposure. After the 1-day exposures, NPSH depletion was most distinctive (RNM > liver > lung). Compared to controls, NPSH levels were 43% at 50 ppm PO in RNM and 16% at > or =300 ppm in both RNM and liver. Lung NPSH fell linearly to 20% at 750 ppm. After repeated exposures over 3 and 20 days to 5, 25, 50, 300, and 500 ppm, NPSH losses were less pronounced. At both time points, NPSH were 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, and 30% of the control values in RNM. Liver NPSH decreased to 80% and 50% at 300 and 500 ppm, respectively. After 20 days, lung NPSH declined to 70% (300 ppm) and 50% (500 ppm). We conclude that continuous, severe perturbation of GSH in RNM following repeated high PO exposures may lead to inflammatory lesions and cell proliferation, critical steps on the path towards tumorigenicity.     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1与T1基因缺失增加鼻咽癌易感性(英文)

目的在中国西南的广西壮族自治区的鼻咽癌高发区内研究谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 M1与 T1遗传多态性与鼻咽癌易感的相关性。方法病例与对照研究这些酶的遗传多态性(GSTM1和 GSTT1零基因型),鼻咽癌总数为127例,对照207例。结果 GSTM1和 GSqT1零基因型的频数在 NPC 患者中较高,差异达统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论鼻咽癌是广西最常见癌症,GST 酶与多种环境致癌物的解毒相关,同合子缺失 GSTM1和 GSTT1与数种癌相关,生鼻咽癌危险性已知与环境因素如吸烟和 EB病毒感染相关联,我们的结果提示 GSTM1和 GSTF1缺失多态性与增加鼻咽癌易感性相关,若两种解毒酶基因同时缺失对鼻咽癌易感受性意义更重要。     

中国汉族人群hGSTA1基因C-69T多态性分析

目的　研究中国汉族人群中人谷胱甘肽S 转移酶(hGSTA1 )C-69T基因多态性的分布。方法1 4 0例血样本来自中国2 5个省份的汉族人口,用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性方法检测hGSTA1 69位点的变异。结果　中国汉族人群GSTA1基因 69位点的野生型纯合子(CC)基因型的分布频率为75 .0 %,突变型纯合子(TT)基因型为0 .7%,杂合子(CT)基因型为2 4 .3 %;C及T两种等位基因的频率分别为87.1 %及1 2 .9%。结论中国汉族人群GSTA1基因呈多态性分布,其等位基因和基因型频率不同于其他种族     

复方甘草甜素治疗严重急性呼吸综合征的疗效

目的:探讨复方甘草甜素治疗严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的疗效.方法:选102例SARS患者,其中复方甘草甜素治疗27例,谷胱甘肽治疗20例;55例作为对照.观察患者临床症状的改变,治疗前后分别测ALT,AST和TBil值.结果:复方甘草甜素对咳嗽、胸闷、气短及关节痛症状有改善作用.复方甘草甜素治疗组与对照组患者激素最大剂量、激素最大剂量时间、激素减量时间及住院天数的差异均无显著性;复方甘草甜素具有保肝降酶作用,对血常规及电解质无明显影响.结论:复方甘草甜素具有保肝降酶作用,对SARS可能有一定的疗效.     

Glutathione depletion is a major determinant of inhaled naphthalene respiratory toxicity and naphthalene metabolism in mice.

Naphthalene (NA) is metabolized to highly reactive intermediates that are primarily detoxified by conjugation to glutathione (GSH). Intraperitoneal administration of naphthalene causes substantial loss of both hepatic and respiratory GSH, yet only respiratory tissues are injured in mice. The liver supplies GSH to other organs via the circulation, making it unclear whether respiratory GSH losses reflect in situ respiratory depletion or decreased hepatic supply. To address this concern, mice were exposed to naphthalene by inhalation (1.5-15 ppm; 2-4 h), thereby bypassing first-pass hepatic involvement. GSH levels and histopathology were monitored during the first 24 h after exposure. Half of the mice were given the GSH depletor diethylmaleate (DEM) 1 hour before naphthalene exposure. Lung and nasal GSH levels rapidly decreased (50-90%) in mice exposed to 15 ppm naphthalene, with cell necrosis throughout the respiratory tract becoming evident several hours later. Conversely, 1.5 ppm naphthalene caused moderate GSH loss and only injured the nasal olfactory epithelium. Neither naphthalene concentration depleted hepatic GSH. Animals pretreated with DEM showed significant GSH loss and injury in nasal and intrapulmonary airway epithelium at both naphthalene concentrations. DEM treatment, perhaps by causing significant GSH loss, decreased water-soluble naphthalene metabolite formation by 48% yet increased NA-protein adducts 193%. We conclude that (1) GSH depletion occurs in airways independent of hepatic function; (2) sufficient GSH is not supplied by the liver to maintain respiratory GSH pools, or to prevent injury from inhaled naphthalene; and (3) GSH loss precedes injury and increases protein adduct formation.     

Beneficial effects of clopidogrel on glycemic indices and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective of present study is to evaluate the possible role of clopidogrel in improving glycemic indices and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.This study was performed on 42 uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients at the specialized center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Al-Rasafa Directorate of Health, Baghdad. All of the patients were treated with (glibenclamide 5 mg at morning) and randomized into two groups: the first group includes 22 patients treated with clopidogrel tablets (75 mg/day) for 2 months; the second group includes 20 patients treated with a placebo formula (sodium bicarbonate 200 mg/day) for the same period. Treatment with clopidogrel produced significant improvement (P < 0.05) in fasting serum glucose (FSG), fasting serum insulin level, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI); and oxidative stress markers: serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum reduced glutathione (GSH) compared to their baseline levels. There was significant elevation (P < 0.05) in both FSG and fasting serum insulin and the MDA level with significant reduction (P < 0.05) in QUICKI of placebo group compared to their baseline levels. However, clopidogrel produced significant elevation (P < 0.05) in AST and ALT levels but placebo formula caused no significant alteration (P > 0.05) in the serum levels of these two enzymes.In conclusion the treatment with clopidogrel improved glycemic indices and reduced oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者血气指标的影响

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期患者血气指标的影响。方法:将40例符合入选标准的COPD急性发作期患者,随机均分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者除给予常规治疗外,加用注射用还原型谷胱甘肽2.4g·d-1,加入到5%葡萄糖溶液250mL中静脉滴注,qd,连用10d;对照组仅给予常规治疗。观察治疗前后2组患者动脉血气指标、6min步行试验及主观感觉的变化。结果:治疗10d后,2组患者动脉血氧分压(PaO2)均较治疗前有显著提高,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且2组间PaO2、PaCO2改善情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组显著优于对照组。结论:COPD患者体内存在氧化-抗氧化失衡,治疗中加用还原型谷胱甘肽可对抗机体氧化损伤,改善患者缺氧状况。     

谷胱甘肽复方注射液对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织MMP-13及TIMP-1表达的影响

目的:研究谷胱甘肽复方注射液(CGII)对猪血清所致免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织中基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)以及组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。方法:猪血清腹腔注射8周,复制大鼠免疫性肝纤维化模型。将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组(N组)、模型组(M组)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)组、CGII高(CH,10.8 mg·kg-1)、中(CM,5.4 mg·kg-1)、低(CL,2.7 mg·kg-1)剂量组,第6周末取大鼠肝组织行病理切片,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色,观察病理学改变;用实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot检测大鼠肝组织中MMP-13以及TIMP-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:病理结果显示,与模型组相比,CH,CM和CL各组大鼠肝纤维化程度均有明显改善,大鼠肝组织内TIMP-1 mRNA及蛋白水平显著降低,MMP-13 mR-NA和蛋白表达水平明显升高。结论:CGII可明显减轻免疫性大鼠肝纤维化程度,其机制可能与下调TIMP-1 mRNA及蛋白水平,上调MMP-13 mRNA及蛋白水平,改善肝纤维化中MMP-13/TIMP-1的不平衡表达有关。