Glucose as a Potential Key to Fuel Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Glucose is the most important source of energy and homeostasis. Recent investigations are clarifying that glucose metabolism might be altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which would play a role in the inflammatory phenotype of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. It may also play a role in a variety of autoimmune diseases’ pathophysiology by modulating immune responses and modifying autoantigen expressions. The research into glucose and its metabolism could lead to a better understanding of how carbohydrates contribute to the occurrence and duration of RA and other autoimmune diseases.     

The Relationship between Fat Mass Percentage and Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To assess the relationship between fat mass percentage (FMP) and glucose metabolism in children aged 0–18 years we performed a systematic review of the literature on Medline/PubMed, SinoMed, Embase and Cochrane Library using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines up to 12 October 2021 for observational studies that assessed the relationship of FMP and glucose metabolism. Twenty studies with 18,576 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that FMP was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.13, p < 0.001), fasting plasma insulin (INS) (r = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.37–0.57, p < 0.001), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)- insulin resistance (IR) (r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.53, p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis according to country or overweight and obesity indicated that these associations remained significant between FMP and INS or HOMA-IR. Our results demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between FMP and FPG. Moreover, subgroup analysis according to country or overweight and obesity indicated that FMP is significantly associated with INS and HOMA-IR. This is the first known systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the associations of FMP with glucose metabolism in children and adolescents.     

纯母乳喂养对新生儿血糖浓度的影响

目的:探讨纯母乳喂养对新生儿血糖浓度的影响。方法:将130例自然分娩的健康、足月新生儿随机分为纯母乳喂养组和加配方奶组各65例,纯母乳喂养组按需哺乳,加配方奶组以产妇哺乳为主,每次哺乳后添加牛乳,分别在出生后6h、24h、48h、72h进行动态血糖测定。结果:纯母乳喂养组与加配方奶组出生后6h血糖浓度分别为3.38±0.98mmol/L,3.34±0.96mmol/L;24h血糖浓度分别为3.36±0.88mmol/L,3.37±0.89mmol/L;48h血糖浓度分别为3.33±0.82mmol/L,3.36±0.85mmol/L;72h血糖浓度分别为3.26±0.73mmol/L,3.37±0.82mmol/L;两组4次监测血糖均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:纯母乳喂养对新生儿血糖无明显影响,能满足新生儿生理需要。     

糖化血清蛋白测定对排除假性高血糖的临床应用价值

目的观察糖化血清蛋白(GSP)的测定是否对排除假性高血糖有临床应用价值。方法对一些血糖高的病人进行GSP检测、糖化血红蛋白(HBA1C)检测、餐后2小时血糖的检测,观察经临床确诊确属假性血糖升高的非糖尿病病人的GSP水平。结果凡经临床确诊的属假性血糖升高的非糖尿病病人的GSP水平为:1.61±0.56mmol/L,而糖尿病组为2.55±0.59mmol/L,经统计处理,两组的GSP结果差别有显著性(P<0.05)。结论GSP的检测对排除假性的一次性高血糖有一定的临床应用价值。     

Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Response to HIV Infection Is Not Fully Normalized by Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Background: HIV infection results in immunometabolic reprogramming. While we are beginning to understand how this metabolic reprogramming regulates the immune response to HIV infection, we do not currently understand the impact of ART on immunometabolism in people with HIV (PWH). Methods: Serum obtained from HIV-infected (n = 278) and geographically matched HIV seronegative control subjects (n = 300) from Rakai Uganda were used in this study. Serum was obtained before and ~2 years following the initiation of ART from HIV-infected individuals. We conducted metabolomics profiling of the serum and focused our analysis on metabolic substrates and pathways assocaited with immunometabolism. Results: HIV infection was associated with metabolic adaptations that implicated hyperactive glycolysis, enhanced formation of lactate, increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, increased utilization of medium-chain fatty acids, and enhanced amino acid catabolism. Following ART, serum levels of ketone bodies, carnitine, and amino acid metabolism were normalized, however glycolysis, PPP, lactate production, and β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids remained abnormal. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIV infection is associated with an increased immunometabolic demand that is satisfied through the utilization of alternative energetic substrates, including fatty acids and amino acids. ART alone was insufficient to completely restore this metabolic reprogramming to HIV infection, suggesting that a sustained impairment of immunometabolism may contribute to chronic immune activation and comorbid conditions in virally suppressed PWH.     

达格列净治疗糖尿病肾病患者的临床研究

目的 探讨对糖尿病肾病患者实施达格列净治疗的临床效果.方法 在2019年11月—2020年11月期间选取60例糖尿病肾病患者,将其按照随机数字表法分组,每组30例.对照组实施常规降糖药物治疗,研究组基于对照组治疗方案实施达格列净治疗,对比分析两组临床效果.结果 治疗后研究组空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于...     

动态血糖与微量血糖安静和运动时的相关性分析

目的：将安静状态和运动应激后动态血糖值（continuous glucose monitoring system blood glucose, CGMSBG）与相对应的微量血糖值（self monitoring blood glucose, SMBG）进行相关性分析,以评价两种血糖值的一致性,分析在运动应激情况下动态血糖仪的准确性。方法：以在山东大学齐鲁医院内分泌科住院并行动态血糖仪(CGMS)检查的13例2型糖尿患者为研究对象,采用Person相关法分别分析所测安静状态和运动后相对应的CGMSBG与SMBG的相关性。结果：13例患者安静状态下所测的223次SMBG与相应CGMSBG的相关系数r为0.939（P＜0.01）。血糖在较低范围时（＜4.4mmol/L）相关系数r为0.524（P＜0.05）,血糖在中等范围时(4.4～10mmol/L)相关系数r为0.811（P＜0.01）。运动后CGMSBG与SMBG相关系数r为0.960（P＜0.01）,且二者差值的中位数为0.10mmol/L。结论：动态血糖与微量血糖有良好的相关性,这种相关性在血糖中等范围时最好,较高范围时次之,较低范围时最差。运动后CGMSBG较SMBG偏高,但二者之间仍然有良好的相关性。     

Fimasartan Ameliorates Deteriorations in Glucose Metabolism in a High Glucose State by Regulating Skeletal Muscle and Liver Cells

PurposeSince diabetes and hypertension frequently occur together, it is thought that these conditions may have a common pathogenesis. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic function of the anti-hypertensive drug fimasartan on C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle and HepG2 human liver cells in a high glucose state.Materials and MethodsThe anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of fimasartan were identified using Western blot, glucose uptake tests, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence staining for diabetic biomarkers in C2C12 cells. Protein biomarkers for glycogenolysis and glycogenesis were evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA in HepG2 cells.ResultsThe protein levels of phosphorylated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), p-AKT, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) were elevated in C2C12 cells treated with fimasartan. These increases were reversed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) antagonist. ATP, OCR, and glucose uptake were increased in cells treated with 200 µM fimasartan. Protein levels of glycogen phosphorylase, glucose synthase, phosphorylated glycogen synthase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) were decreased in HepG2 cells treated with fimasartan. However, these effects were reversed following the addition of the PPARδ antagonist GSK0660.ConclusionIn conclusion, fimasartan ameliorates deteriorations in glucose metabolism as a result of a high glucose state by regulating PPARδ in skeletal muscle and liver cells.     

miR-211对高糖诱导下晶状体上皮细胞氧化应激反应的调控作用

目的 探讨miR-211对高糖诱导下晶状体上皮细胞氧化应激反应的调控作用及其可能存在的作用机制.方法 将HLEC-B3细胞在含不同浓度(0、10、20、40 mmol/L)葡萄糖的培养基中培养48 h,RT-PCR检测细胞miR-211表达,Western blot检测细胞SIRT1蛋白表达,试剂盒检测总抗氧化能力(T...     

Biodistribution of Insulin Following Massive Insulin Subcutaneous Injection

A man in his 30s injected insulin several times into his abdomen and was found dead several hours later. Micropathological findings showed alveolar injury with hemorrhaging and cerebral parietal lobe nerve cell edema. Biochemical examinations showed that the blood insulin level was high, significantly so at the insulin injection sites. The blood glucose and C-peptide levels were low. The insulin level in the kidneys was low. In forensic medicine, a postmortem diagnosis of insulin subcutaneous injection is often difficult. When insulin injection is suspected, particularly high insulin levels can be expected at the insulin injection site, rather than in the blood.