胰岛素与低血流缺血刺激犬心肌GLUT4基因表达呈相加作用

目的：观察胰岛素与低血糖缺血刺激心肌葡萄糖转运子4（GLUT4）基因是否呈相加作用。方法：采用North-ernblot法分析心肌GLUT4mRNA,采用免疫印迹法分析心肌GLUT4基因表达。结果：输注胰岛素使局部低血流心肌GLUT4mRNA和GLUT4基因表达增加2.3-2.5倍,同时伴随心肌葡萄糖摄取明显增多达4倍.结论:胰岛素与低血流缺血刺激心肌致GLUT4mRNA和GLUT4表达呈相加作用,其结果使GLUT4数量明显增加,进而使心肌葡萄糖摄取量增加,此机制在缺血心肌能量代谢过程中起着重要的代谢性调节作用。     

大豆胚轴甲醇提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及血清过氧化脂质的影响

[目的 ]研究大豆胚轴甲醇提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及过氧化脂质代谢的影响 .[方法 ]甲醇提取大豆胚轴中的异黄酮类和皂甙 ,以薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法检测其组成 .给GK/Jcl糖尿病大鼠长期食用添加 10 0 g/kg大豆胚轴甲醇提取物的饲料 ,观察和测定相应生物化学指标 .[结果 ]长期食用大豆胚轴甲醇提取物的糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平下降 ,血清过氧化脂质降低 ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高 ,血清总胆固醇和甘油三脂却无明显变化 .[结论 ]大豆胚轴甲醇提取物具有显著的降低血糖、改善糖耐量、降低脂质过氧化和升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用     

术前禁食、输液对剖产母婴血糖的影响

目的：了解术前禁食、输液对剖宫产母婴血糖的影响。方法：将110例健康的剖宫产妇分为3组,A组：术前禁食≥6小时、未输液体;B组：术前未禁食、未输液体;C组：术前禁食≥6小时、输葡萄糖液体5－25g。于术前、术后（手术结束时）采集母体静脉及新生儿脐带静脉血测定其血糖值并进行比较,结果：术前血糖以C组最高,术前低血糖发生率A组达26．7％,明显高于另两组;3组术后血糖均高于其术前平均值;新生儿脐带静脉血糖均值,A、B两组在正常范围内,C组低于正常值,低血糖发生率A组、C组分别达46．7％、60％,明显高于B组,结论：健康产妇在硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产术,术前禁食时间不宜过长,以不超过6小时为宜,术前输注葡萄糖不宜过多,以不超过25g为宜。     

血糖浓度增高对急性心肌梗塞预后的影响

目的:回顾性地了解无论是否伴有糖尿病,血糖浓度增高对急性心肌梗塞住院病死率及心梗后心衰、心源性休克的影响。方法:1990年1月～2000年10月我院心肌梗塞住院病人100例,将入院时血糖浓度<6.6mmol/L作为A组。入院时血糖浓度增高在6.6～11.1mmol/L为B组。入院时血糖浓度>11.1mmol/L为C组,分别计算各组发生心衰、心源性休克的百分率及住院病死率。结果:A组心衰发生率10.71％,心源性休克发生率3.57％,住院病死率3.57％;B组心衰发生率41.18％,心源性休克发生率29.41％,住院病死率26.47％;C组心衰发生率52.63％,心源性休克发生率31.58％,住院病死率26.32％。B组、C组心衰发生率、心源性休克发生率及住院病死率比A组明显增加,差异有显著性。而B组与C组心衰发生率、心源性休克发生率及住院病死率无显著性差异。结论:血糖浓度增高,心衰、心源性休克发生率及住院病死率明显增高。     

IDENTIFICATION OF GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER-1 AND ITS FUNCTIONAL ASSAY IN MOUSE GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO

INTRODUCTION Glomerular mesangial cells play a key role in the development of diabetic glomerular lesions. There is a close correlation between expansion of the mesangium of the glomerulus and the clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy(1). Although it has become evident that the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in the diabetic glomerulus and that mesangial cells in culture demonstrate enhanced production of ECM in response to elevated glucose levels (2), the me…     

Effect of a few histamine1-antagonists on blood glucose in patients of allergic rhinitis

Histamine₁, receptor antagonists are being prescribed frequently in ENT practice. However, previously we found a fall of blood glucose with terfenadine and astemizole. Present study (double blind, randomized, single dummy and placebo controlled) evaluated the chronic effect (7 days of use) of clemastine, Loratidine and Certrizine on blood glucose level in patient of allergic rhinitis. Cetrizine produced a significant increase in post-prandial blood glucose (P<0.02) and a little rise in fasting blood glucose. Clamastine caused a little fall of fasting and a little rite of post-prandial blood glucose levels. The exact mechanisms involved in the effect of these drugs on blood glucose remain to be elucidated.     

天津市社区人群中尿糖筛检结果

目的：调查（天津市）社区居民尿糖阳性检出率及人群分布情况,为糖尿病防治提供参考依据和指标。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法及医学检验手段,对从本市社区人群中抽取到的调查对象共６２５７７人（男３０４６２人,女３２１１５人）进行了尿糖筛检调查试验。结果：受检人群的尿糖阳性检出率,在男、女及合计分别为９．００‰,１１．６０‰及１０．３０‰;尿糖阳性率按年龄和职业分布明显不同。结论：得出了天津市社区人群尿糖水平     

长期吸烟对健康成人血脂和血糖的影响

为探讨长期吸烟对空腹血脂、血糖、胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性指标的影响及其变化规律,在８２例健康成人通过多元逐步回归分析,探讨长期吸烟对血脂、血糖、胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性指标影响的显著性及影响程度;并以协方差分析校正其它影响因素后,对比分析长期吸烟者与不吸烟者血脂、血糖、胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性指标的差异程度。结果：长期吸烟者伴随有糖代谢及脂代谢指标异常变化。并与吸烟程度有显著性相关关系。校正其它可能影响的因素     

Hematogenous metastases of the human brain – Characteristics of peritumoral brain changes: A review

The brain is an important site of hematogenous metastases from malignanttumors in other organs. The effects on the brain is a combination of tissuedestruction induced by invading tumor cells and reactive alterationsoccurring around the metastases. This review focuses on neuropathologicalchanges around hematogenous metastases of the human brain. The peritumoralbrain parenchyma shows structural and functional changes of theintracerebral microvessels and edema. The endothelial cells of peritumoralmicrovessels express glucose transporter protein (GLUT 1) in the same way asthe normal brain. Reduction in immunostaining to GLUT 1 may occur in themicrovessels located within the metastases. This would indicateabnormalities of the blood-brain barrier in tumor vessels but normal barrierfunction in the peritumoral region. Reactive astrocytes and activatedmicroglial cells are both involved in the process of peritumoral gliosis.Activated glial cells produce numerous biological active compounds includingendothelin-1 which after release from such cells can influence the structureand function of the peritumoral brain tissue. Lesions of oligodendrocytesand edema may be implicated in myelin degeneration. Finally, metastases willinduce axonal and neuronal injuries as indicated by a recent study onexpression of -amyloid precursor protein (APP) in reactive axonalswellings.     

Monitoring diabetic control

• • Recent research from America has confirmed that the quality of metabolic control achieved by people with insulin-dependent diabetes does influence the onset and progression of diabetic complications.
• • More than ever before diabetic individuals now have good reasons for striving to attain as good a standard of diabetic control as is possible. Regular monitoring of diabetic status is essential if good control is to be achieved.
• • This article will focus upon the concept of control and consider aspects of diabetic monitoring which may be undertaken either by patients or through professional services.
• • Both direct and indirect monitoring methods will be discussed and strengths and weaknesses considered.