Ultrapure alginate anti-adhesion gel does not impair colon anastomotic strength

Background

Ultrapure alginate gel is promising in terms of adhesion prevention. Because anti-adhesive barriers have been shown to disturb healing of bowel anastomoses, the effect of ultrapure alginate gel on the repair of colon anastomoses was studied.

Materials and methods

In 102 male Wistar rats, a 0.5-cm segment was resected from the descending colon and continuity was restored by an inverted single-layer end-to-end anastomosis. Animals were randomized into a control, an alginate gel, and a sodium hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose film group, each n = 34. Half of each group was sacrificed at day 3 and 7 postoperatively. Anastomotic strength was assessed by measuring both bursting pressure and breaking strength. Hydroxyproline content was measured and histologic analysis was performed. The incidence of adhesion and abscess formation was scored at sacrifice.

Results

No difference in either anastomotic-bursting pressure or breaking strength was found between experimental groups and the controls at any time point. Both the incidence of adhesion formation (35% versus 71%, P = 0.007) and the adhesion score (0.38 versus 0.79, P = 0.009) were significantly lower in the alginate gel group than in the controls. The abscess rate was higher (46% versus 18%, P = 0.030) in the hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose group than in the controls and unchanged in the alginate gel group.

Conclusions

While reducing adhesion formation, ultrapure alginate gel does not interfere with the development of colonic anastomotic strength during the crucial early healing period.     

局部利多卡因凝胶与静脉注射利多卡因在喉罩应用中的比较研究

目的探讨在喉罩使用过程中局部利多卡因凝胶与静脉注射利多卡因对维持血流动力学的稳定性是否有相同效应。方法选择2011年6月～2012年10月择期全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术48例,随机分为3组,每组16例。T组（局部给药组）,2％利多卡因凝胶涂抹于喉罩罩杯的双面,同时静脉注射生理盐水10ml;1组（静脉给药组）,普通水溶性润滑剂涂抹于喉罩罩杯的双面,同时2％利多卡因1．5mg／kg生理盐水稀释至10ml静脉注射;C组（对照组）,普通水溶性润滑剂涂抹于喉罩罩杯的双面,同时生理盐水10ml静脉注射。记录喉罩置入前,置入即刻,置入后1、3、5min,以及拔除喉罩前1min,拔除即刻,拔除后1、3、5min的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）,记录拔除喉罩前后并发症。结果3组置入和拔出喉罩时MAP、HR无明显变化（P〉0．05）。T组和I组MAP在喉罩置入后1min和拔出即刻、1min、3min、5min明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。拔除喉罩后3组均无喉痉挛和吞咽困难发生,咽痛、干呕并发症发生率3组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论局部应用利多卡因凝胶与静脉注射利多卡因在喉罩使用过程中对维持血流动力学的稳定性具有相同效应。     

改良微柱凝胶法检测ABO变异型血型

目的：建立用于检测ABO变异型血型的改良微柱凝胶法。方法：选取2016年11月至2018年5月温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院、温州市人民医院和瑞安市人民医院ABO血型凝集强度改变或正反定型不一致的患者12例。采用血型血清学检查和血型基因检测结合临床表现确认标本ABO血型;对已知血型标本用微柱凝胶法复核;用1% O型、A3亚型和A抗原减弱红细胞调整微柱凝胶法离心方式建立改良微柱凝胶法,并对全部标本进行检测。结果：12例标本中A3亚型1例,B（A）型3例,类孟买型3例,ABO抗原减弱5例;微柱凝胶法和盐水试管法检测敏感度相似,12例标本中只检出2例,检出比例为2/12;选定改良微柱凝胶法的离心方式为900 r/min离心2 min、4 ℃孵育30 min、1 800 r/min离心3 min;用改良微柱凝胶法检测12例标本,1例不能检出,检出比例为11/12。结论：本研究建立的改良微柱凝胶法通过改变微柱凝胶血型卡的离心方式、增加孵育时间和孵育温度,提高了检测敏感度,适合ABO变异型血型的筛检。     

内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术在多种乳房畸形中的应用

目的探讨内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术对乳房肥大及乳房假体、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出后的乳房畸形进行修复的疗效。方法对36例乳房肥大及乳房假体、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出后乳房畸形的患者,行携带或不携带Wfiringer乳房水平中隔内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术修复。结果36例患者,术后胸骨上凹至乳头距离为（20．10±1．94）cm,平均上提乳头7．5cm（4～13cm）,并且均未出现血肿及乳头、乳晕复合体坏死等并发症。2例发生小段切口裂开（发生率为5．56％）,其余均为I期愈合。28例获随访6～18个月,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,切口瘢痕不明显,乳房外形满意。结论应用内上方真皮腺体蒂术式可使乳房得到良好的塑形,同时又能充分保留乳头、乳晕复合体的血运及感觉功能,疗效满意。     

甲强复合凝胶治疗牙周炎的疗效观察

为评价甲强复合凝胶治疗牙周炎的临床疗效，选择成人牙周炎患者18例，选择其左右侧对应牙，牙周袋探诊深度≥4mm，进行随机、单盲、对照试验，试验组用甲强复合凝胶，对照组用甲硝唑棒，采用牙周袋局部上药治疗，每天1次，共治疗7天，临床观察牙周袋深度、菌珏指数、牙龈指数、出血指数等指标。结果显示，试验组各临床指标改善均优于对照组。提示甲强复合凝胶治疗牙周炎是有效的。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射美容的临床与组织学评估

目的　探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症的临床与组织学特点。方法　对 1998年至 2 0 0 3年接诊的 5 2例在外院注射了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 ,并引起并发症患者的临床资料进行了总结与组织学研究。为了便于比较 ,另选 12例 1988年～ 1994年期间接受液态硅胶注射的患者取出的组织病理切片与之对照研究。结果　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症以局部硬结最多见 ,而且多发生在注射后 1～ 2年左右时间里。人体组织对注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的反应为多核异物巨细胞增生 ,并形成肉芽肿。与液态硅胶比较 ,注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶引起组织的淋巴细胞反应弱 ,材料周围的纤维包膜较薄。机体内长期存留的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶可能会引起局部组织变性反应。结论　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶作为软组织填充剂的安全性需要进一步研究。     

Immunochemical comparison between worm extracts of Onchocerca volvulus from savanna and rain forest

Summary Crude phospate-buffered extracts of adult Onchocerca volvulus from savanna (Mali) and rain forest (Cameroon) areas were comparatively analysed using biochemical and immunological methods. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing revealed only minor differences between the two extracts. Out of 42 bands detectable by SDS-PAGE at least 21 were identified as glycoproteins by their affinity to concanavalin A. High resolution analysis using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-G) showed marked differences in the polypeptide patterns of the two extracts. Some of the over 100 polypeptides demonstrable by Coomassie blue staining (especially at pIs between 4·3 and 5·6 and mol. wts over 64kD) were clearly different when the two extracts were compared. Antigenic differences between the two extracts could be detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using a rabbit anti- O. volvulus hyperimmune serum. The comparison by tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated clearly the existence of at least three antigenic differences, four partial identities and 13 antigenic identities between the extracts. For the identification of O. volvulus antigens serologically recognized by infected patients, we combined the 2D-G with an immunoblotting technique using a pool of highly reactive onchocerciasis sera from Mali. IgG binding antigens were then identified by incubating the blot membrane with this serum pool and with ¹²⁵I-labelled protein A followed by autoradiography. IgE binding antigens were detected using a ¹²⁵I-labelled anti-human IgE antiserum. Whilst the overall antigenic patterns were similar, there were, however, clear differences between the antigen preparations which gives further evidence for antigenic diversity of O. volvulus from savanna and rain forest areas.     

常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病患者外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤

目的 研究常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病( ADPKD)患者及其家系成员外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤及辐射对其基因稳定性的影响.方法 采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术( SCGE)研究10例ADPKD(A组)、1个ADPKD家系中3例无症状者(B组)、20例健康对照者(C组)外周血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤及在0.5 Gy照射后的DNA损伤情况.采用彗星分析软件(CASP)进行图像分析,以尾DNA含量(TDNA％)评价淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度.结果 A组照射前、后TDNA％ (8.85％±0.14％,14.84％±0.77％)及照射后TDNA％的增加值(6.00％±0.77％)均显著高于C组(7.50％±0.37％,12.46％±0.26％,4.96％±0.44％),B、C两组及A、B两组间差异无统计学意义.B组中1例TDNA％照射前后均显著高于C组.结论 ADPKD患者外周血淋巴细胞具有基因不稳定性,在环境因素刺激下,有可能通过基因突变启动多脏器囊肿形成.SCGE为进一步阐明ADPKD发病机制及预后判断提供了一种新的方法和思路.     

血小板凝胶治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期压疮效果观察

目的初步探讨血小板凝胶治疗Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压疮康复的机制。方法将33例(36处)Ⅲ～Ⅳ期压疮患者随机分为观察组(17处)和对照组(19处),观察组创面及窦道充满的自体富血小板凝胶,创面用无菌透明敷贴封闭,28d后可再次重复;对照组创面给予无菌生理盐水纱布填塞,每天换药。结果两组创面在治疗后3d、7d、14d、28d压疮愈合评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);两组创面治疗后28d创面疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论富血小板凝胶治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期压疮有较好疗效。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后不良反应的剖析

目的 研究分析聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶填充物被迫取出者的症状体征和局部病理变化。方法 从2000年1月～2001年12月，我们对15例在外院行聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射充填者行充填物取除术。对不良反应的主要症状、体征和切除物的病理变化行统计学分析。结果 主要症状体征中：无美容效果占33.33％，继发畸形占20.00％，局部疼痛占60.00％，局部不适占13.33％，局部硬结占80.00％，局部红肿占6．67％。切除组织的主要病理改变：包膜形成占53.33％，异物巨细胞反应占60．00％，肉芽肿占20.00％。结论 聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注入体内后会出现一定程度的不良反应，对其临床应用应持谨慎态度。