110例胃癌外科治疗分析

目的　探讨胃癌外科治疗的现状。方法　对我院 2002 年 5 月~2004 年 7 月收治并手术治疗的胃癌 110 例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　110 例胃癌中,手术切除 101 例(91 .82%),其中根治性切除91例,姑息性切除10 例;远侧胃切除 78 例(77 .23%),近侧胃切除 7 例(6 .93%),全胃切除16例(15 .84%);行消化道重建的 104 例中,手法吻合 13 例(12 5%),单吻合器67例(66. 42%),双吻合器 24 例(23. 08%)。术后病理早期癌 9 例(8. 18%),进展期胃癌共 101 例(91 .82%)。术前肠外营养支持5~7天14例(12. 73%),术后行肠道营养86 例(85 15%),肠外营养90例(89 .11%)。手术死亡1例(0 .9%),12例发生术后近期并发症(9. 09%)。结论　胃癌患者早期诊断仍困难,但手术切除率及根治性切除率较以前明显升高,吻合器使用明显增加,有助于降低近期并发症发生率并提高肿瘤治疗的效果。需长时间营养支持时肠内营养较肠外营养更容易维持内环境稳定。     

Scintigraphic validation of AC Biosusceptometry to study the gastric motor activity and the intragastric distribution of food in humans

Abnormal intragastric distribution of food (IDF) and a phasic contractility in the proximal stomach have been related to dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the behaviour of the stomach and the proximal region, in particular, continues to attract attention and demand for reliable and comfortable techniques. The aims of this study were to employ AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) and scintigraphy to evaluate IDF and gastric motor activity in humans. Fifteen healthy volunteers ingested 60 mL of yogurt containing 2 mCi of 99mTc and 4 g of ferrite. Each volunteer had gastric motility and IDF evaluated twice on separate days; on one occasion by ACB and another by scintigraphy. Digital signal processing was performed in MatLab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results were expressed as mean +/- SD. Similar results of distal accumulation time (P < 0.001) were obtained for scintigraphy (6.93 +/- 3.25 min) and for ACB (7.04 +/- 3.65 min). Fast Fourier Transform revealed two dominant frequencies (P > 0.9). Besides the well-know frequency of 3 cpm, our results showed identical frequencies in proximal stomach recordings (P < 0.001) for scintigraphic (1.01 +/- 0.01 cpm) and ACB (0.98 +/- 0.06 cpm). In summary, our data showed that scintigraphy and ACB are promising techniques to evaluate several aspects of gastric motility. Moreover, ACB is non-invasive, radiation-free and deserves the same importance as conventional methods for this kind of analysis.     

胆道癌ERCP诊断(附49例分析)

本文报道用ERCP诊断胆管癌24例、胆囊癌6例、壶腹癌19例、共49例,都经手术或病理证实,诊断符合率为85.7％。 文章描述了胆道癌ERCP的X线表现。依造影所见把胆管癌分为阻塞型、狭窄型和息肉型。狭窄型又分闭塞型、环型及弥漫型三个亚型。胆管癌以阻塞型和闭塞型狭窄多见。胆囊癌表现为胆囊内基底宽广固定不变的充盈缺损。壶腹癌为壶腹部边缘不整的占位病变,可阻塞胆管或胰管或同时阻塞胰胆管。肝内胆管的软藤状改变是胆道恶性肿瘤的特征性表现。     

达芬霖与肾上腺素在鼻内窥镜手术中应用的比较

目的探讨达芬霖与肾上腺素在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用价值。方法观察达芬霖、肾上腺素分别在鼻内窥镜手术应用中对患者血压、心率的影响,观察出现反跳性鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀的时间和例数,并进行对比讨论。结果在达芬霖应用前后,30例患者的血压、心率变化差异无显著性,在肾上腺素应用前后,30例患者的血压、心率变化差异也无显著性,60例手术均在1￣3h内完成,达芬霖组无1例出现反跳性鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀,肾上腺素组有6例出现轻微的反跳性鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀,达芬霖组平均出血量248mL,肾上腺素组平均出血量120mL,P<0.05。结论达芬霖、肾上腺素作为鼻黏膜血管减充血剂和麻醉辅助药,常规用于鼻内窥镜手术是安全、有效的,用肾上腺素优于用达芬霖。     

Is endoscopic one‐piece mucosal resection essential for early gastric cancer?

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is widely accepted as a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) in Japan. However, the criteria for EMR must be strictly adhered to otherwise patients will miss the chance for additional therapy. We assess the important factor in expanding the indication of EMR. Methods: We investigated 1101 EGCs that had been resected by EMR at the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH), Tokyo, Japan, according to the indication recommended by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) and the expanded indication proposed by NCCH. Curability and local recurrence of the EMRs were assessed related to the applied indication and the number of resected specimens. Results: The recurrence rate of non‐evaluable resection was higher than that of evaluable resection (P < 0.0001). Eighty‐three lesions among 772 lesions in the JGCA group were non‐evaluable. Thirty‐seven leisons among 329 lesions in the NCCH group were non‐evaluable. There was no difference in the rate of non‐evaluable resection between JGCA and NCCH groups (P = 0.8329). However, the rate of curative resection was lower in the NCCH group than in the JGCA group (P = 0.0009). In piecemeal resection, there was no difference in the rate of non‐evaluable resection between JGCA and NCCH groups (P = 0.0527). In one‐piece resection, the rate of non‐evaluable resection was lower in the NCCH group than the JGCA group (P = 0.0137). Conclusion: Based on our series of cases, we propose one‐piece resection as a gold standard for EMR because it enables accurate histological evaluation, even in the EMR, according to the expanded indication.     

A CASE OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER ACCOMPANIED BY DIEULAFOY ULCER IN A YOUNG WOMAN

A case of early gastric carcinoma accompanied by Dieulafoy ulcer is presented. The patient, a 26‐year‐old female, visited our emergency room with chief complaints of massive hematemesis and tarry stool. The initial endoscopic examination revealed a superficial depressed lesion with a faded color accompanied by a tiny ulcer with converging folds at the anterior wall of the middle gastric body. Although no active bleeding vessel was found at that time, the patient was admitted to our hospital for further check‐ups and treatment. On the 6th hospital day, she developed massive hematemesis resulting in shock. Urgent endoscopy, this time, disclosed an exposed bleeding vessel at the small ulcer floor previously mentioned, and endoscopic hemostasis was achieved. Since, however, a biopsy at initial examination from the surrounding depressed area proved carcinoma, a partial distal gastrectomy was subsequently carried out. Histological examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of carcinoma limited to the mucosa and submucosa along with findings consistent with Dieulafoy ulcer. This is a rare case of combination of early cancer and Dieulafoy ulcer particularly in such a young patient. A review of the literature is also presented.     

NASOGALLBLADDER DRAINAGE FOR MIRIZZI’S SYNDROME

The authors experienced a case of Mirizzi’s syndrome successfully treated with endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage (ENGBD). The patient was a 63‐year‐old man. He was admitted with abdominal pain and jaundice. Laboratory data indicated leukocytosis and elevation of serum bilirubin level. Abdominal ultrasound showed marked swelling of gallbladder and debris in the gallbladder, therefore, the authors strongly suspected Mirizzi’s syndrome. He had past history of acute myocardial infarction and treated with anticoagulation therapy. Then, the authors couldn’t perform surgical removal or percutaneous transhepatic drainage, and tried endoscopic transpapillary drainage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed smooth stricture in the superior portion of common bile duct and occlusion of the cystic duct, and ENGBD was then performed. After ENGBD, his complaints, laboratory data, swelling of gallbladder and stricture of common bile duct were all remarkably improved.     

ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF A DIEULAFOY‐LIKE LESION IN A DUODENAL DIVERTICULUM

We present a 70‐year‐old man who had two episodes of melena during the preceding 8‐year period. He had a Dieulafoy‐like lesion in a diverticulum in the third portion of the duodenum. While emergency endoscopy revealed neither apparent blood nor clots around the diverticular orifice, there was a non‐bleeding vessel in the fundus of the diverticulum. The vessel ceased bleeding after argon plasma coagulation and, since then, the patient has not experienced bleeding. In cases of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, duodenal diverticulum should be considered as a possible source of bleeding, even when endoscopy discloses no apparent bleeding.     

β-catenin在早期胃癌中的表达

目的：探讨β-catcnin在早期胃癌中的表达及其意义。方法：用免疫组织化学方法检测39例早期胃癌患者胃癌组织中β-catenin的表达情况。结果：39例早期胃癌中有20例存在β-catenin的异常表达，表现为细胞膜的表达缺失及细胞质和细胞核中表达增强。早期胃癌中β-catenin表达阳性率为51．28％。结论：在早期胃癌中存在β-catenin的异常表达，β-catenin的异常表达可能在早期胃癌的发生、发展中发挥重要的作用，可能是胃癌发生的一个早期事件。     

MUC-1基因在胃癌和外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测胃癌MUC－1的表达情况及其与临床分期和转移的相关性。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）和免疫组化方法检测胃癌活检标本和外周血中MUC－1基因和蛋白的表达水平。结果：在56例胃癌病例中MUC－1 mRNA阳性表达率为48．2％，MUC－1蛋白阳性表达率为53．6％，临床分期中I和II期病人阳性表达率MUC－1 RNA为33．3％，MUC－1蛋白为40％，而-Ⅲ期病人则分别高达65．4％和69．2％，二者差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），在淋巴结转移的患者中外周血的癌细胞MUC－1高表达，阳性率为73％，结论：MUC－1是一种较好反映胃癌恶性程度和转移性的肿瘤标志物。