两种剂量丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松治疗36例重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量静脉滴注丙种球蛋白治疗重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）的近期疗效。方法36例重症111P患者分为两组,分别用静脉滴注丙种球蛋白大剂量400mg／kg·d^-1,中剂量200mg／kg·d^-1,静脉滴注5d。联合地塞米松10mg／d。观察临床出血症状及血小板计数的变化。结果两组患者近期有效率相近,治疗后出血症状控制时间,血小板开始上升时间,升至≥50×10^9／L时间,达到峰值的时间和血小板计数峰值,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论两种剂量静脉滴注丙种球蛋白联合地塞米松疗效基本相似,中剂量丙种球蛋白相对安全并明显降低医疗费用。     

大剂量丙种球蛋白治疗格林-巴利综合征的临床研究

目的 观察大剂量丙种球蛋白静脉注射治疗格林-巴利综合征的临床疗效.方法 随机将32例格林-巴利综合征患者分成两组,观察组在对照组治疗基础上,应用大剂量丙种球蛋白静脉注射.结果 观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,疗程亦较对照组明显缩短,无明显的毒副作用.结论 丙种球蛋白治疗格林-巴利综合征安全有效.     

Effect of an Intravenous Gammaglobulin Preparation on the Opsonophagocytic Activity of Preterm Serum against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

ABSTRACT. Recent reports have described cases of septicaemia caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci in preterm neonates, mainly due to the use of artificial intravenous devices. It was of interest to examine if intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, known to be effective in group B streptococcal infections of neonates, had a similar beneficial effect in coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. Opsonophagocytosis of coagulase-negative staphylococci by normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of cord blood serum supplemented with the commercial IgG preparation 'Sandoglobulin' was investigated, using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. It was found that with two different coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains, Sandoglobulin had a concentration-dependent enhancing effect on the chemiluminescent response. This effect was demonstrated in the presence of native as well as inactivated cord blood serum and in the presence of sera from preterm infants (28-33 weeks). It is concluded that intravenous Sandoglobulin therapy may be effective in the treatment of preterm infants with severe coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections.     

High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVG) in neonatal immune thrombocytopenia

Recent reports suggest that intravenous gammaglobulin (IVG) may be an effective treatment modality in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Two newborns with isoimmune thrombocytopenia secondary to HLA-A2 and PLA1 platelet antigen incompatibilities with their respective mothers and two newborns with thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal ITP were treated with IVG 400 mg/kg/day x 5 days. One patient was exposed to steroids in utero; only one mother was thrombocytopenic at the time of delivery. All patients were severely thrombocytopenic on day 1 of treatment with mean platelet count of 5.7 x 10(9)/L. All had petechiae and positive quaiac stools, and patients with isoimmune thrombocytopenia had CT scan evidence of intracranial bleeds. The mean platelet count after 24 hr was 26.7 x 10(9)/L and the average platelet increase was 21 x 10(9)/L and 33 x 10(9)/L at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. The two cases with isoimmune thrombocytopenia had sustained platelet increases; the two cases secondary to maternal ITP had transient platelet elevations. IVG can rapidly elevate the platelet count in these patients, especially those with severe bleeding manifestations.     

HIGH DOSE INTRAVENOUS GAMMAGLOBULIN IN COOMBS POSITIVE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

Abstract Four patients with warm type autoimmune hemolytic anemia who failed to respond to steroid therapy received high dose intravenous gammaglobulin (0.2–0.4 g/kg daily) for five days. In one patient hemolysis occurred in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in the others the cause of the hemolysis was not established; two patients had prior splenectomy. A response to gammaglobulin therapy, demonstrable by a rise in or stabilisation of hemoglobin levels, a decrease in elevated serum bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels, or prolongation of a shortened red cell (⁵¹Cr) survival, was observed in three patients. In two of these patients the effect of gammaglobulin therapy was temporary but allowed for splenectomy to proceed in one patient, without blood transfusion. The third patient continued to improve after cessation of gammaglobulin treatment. These findings suggest that high dose intravenous gammaglobulin may temporarily ameliorate hemolysis in some individuals with warm type immune hemolytic anemia, and may be a useful adjunct to steroids immediately before splenectomy.     

小儿原发性肾病综合征并发感染133例临床分析

目的: 探讨小儿肾病综合征院内外感染的发生率及相关因素。方法: 回顾分析1997~2003年在我院儿科住院并随访的133例原发性肾病综合征患儿的临床资料。结果: 133例中合并医院感染20例(15.04%)合并院外感染84例(63.16%),其中呼吸道感染占多数。住院时间超过3周患儿医院感染的发生率达40%(P<0.05),但院外感染率与年长儿相似(P>0.05)。医院感染与免疫球蛋白IgG下降有关(P<0.01),而乡村患儿并发院外感染较多(P<0.01)。结论: 肾病综合征患儿易合并院内外感染,呼吸道感染最常见,医院感染与住院时间的长短及血浆免疫球蛋白水平成正相关,而院外感染则与居住环境有关。缩短住院时间、提高免疫球蛋白水平及改善居住环境可减少感染并发症,减少复发机会。     

Intravenous administration of human IgG to newborn infants: changes in serum antibody levels to group B streptococci

A human IgG preparation was given intravenously to 36 newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit because of suspected septicaemia. IgG was given as a single dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight. Patients serum was obtained immediately before and 30 min after terminating the infusion. Blood was also withdrawn 2 days after giving the IgG in eight of the infants. The sera were tested by radioimmunoassay for IgG antibody levels to surface antigens of group B streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib, II and III and to R-protein. The mean increases in anti-type Ia, Ib, II, III and R-protein antibodies 30 min after the end of infusion were 81%, 73%, 49%, 60% and 69% of the preinfusion levels, respectively. This was followed by a rapid decrease during the following 2 days to 25%–32% of the initial increases. Based on the above findings, a controlled trial of passive immunisation in the management of neonatal GBS septicaemia seems justified. The rapid decline in antibody levels would necessitate a second infusion 24 h after the initial immunoglobulin administration if the suspicion of septicaemia persists.Abbreviation GBS group B streptococci Supported by grants from Allmänna BB Minnesfond, the Expressen Prenatal Research Foundation, the Hartmann-Müller-Stiftung, the Herzog-Egli-Stiftung, the Swedish Medical Research Council (grant no. B83-16X-06559-01), and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 3.884-0.81)     

两种剂量免疫球蛋白治疗重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效比较

目的:观察两种剂量免疫球蛋白治疗重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)近期疗效。方法:选择55例患者按就诊顺序随机分组,半量组28例,标准剂量组27例,分别给予免疫球蛋白200mg.kg-1.d-1、400 mg.kg-1.d-1,同时予地塞米松0.2mg.kg-1.d-1静滴,第8d开始改为泼尼松1mg.kg-1.d-1口服。结果:两组患者近期有效率相近,治疗后血小板计数上升的速度、峰值、达到峰值的时间、出血症状控制时间均相近,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:半量免疫球蛋白也可迅速提高ITP患者血小板水平,短期内控制出血症状,可明显降低医疗费用。     

Induction of unresponsiveness against IgA in IgA-deficient patients on subcutaneous immunoglobulin infusion therapy

Patients with IgA deficiency often demonstrate circulating antibodies against IgA, which have been suggested to be associated with transfusion reactions. Sera from three patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and one with a selective IgA deficiency with anti-IgA antibodies receiving subcutaneous gammaglobulin replacement therapy were analysed for serum levels of IgG, IgA and anti-IgA before and during a treatment period of 4–7 years. Treatment with gammaglobulin preparations containing significant amounts of IgA (< 5 mg/ml) resulted in a decrease or disappearance of the anti-IgA antibodies. Analysis of serum fractions, however, revealed anti-IgA activity in the complex-containing fractions. In vitro experiments gave similar results with a shift of anti-IgA activity from the monomeric to the complex-containing fractions (that could not be detected in whole serum). When the patients were subsequently switched to treatment with a preparation containing less IgA (< 80 μg/ml) or made an interruption in the treatment schedule, the anti-IgA antibodies reappeared. Importantly, however, one of the patients lost his anti-IgA activity during a 3-month period on the preparation containing the higher IgA levels, and these antibodies did not reappear after switching to the low IgA-containing preparation. After 5 years on this preparation, anti-IgA can still not be detected, suggesting induction of unresponsiveness.