龙虎芪黄汤对小鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用

观察龙虎芪黄汤对四氯化碳（CCl4）、D-半乳糖胺（D-GaIN）所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤影响,结果表明龙虎芪黄汤可显著降低由CCl4、D-GaIN所致小鼠血清ALT、AST及肝组织MDA的升高,明显提高肝组织SOD的含量,能明显改善CCl4、D-GaIN所致的肝组织病理学损伤,而对肝组织NO、TNF-α含量则无明显影响.说明龙虎芪黄汤对CCl4、D-GaIN所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤可起到保肝降酶、抗脂质过氧化等作用.     

“多情交织共同致病首先伤肝”假说及其论证

经过对前人情志致病医案统计分析和情志致病方式流行病学调研,发现“五志伤五脏”模式不符合临床实际,多种情志交织共同致病和致病伤肝的概率更大,“社会事件”是形成情志刺激的始发因素。据此,提出“多情交织共同致病首先伤肝”假说,并对假说进行了逻辑论证。     

Diagnosis and treatment of biliary sludge, cast and stone following liver transplantation

Objective： To investigate etiological facts and treatment of biliary sludge, cast and stone following orthotopic liver transplantation（OLT）. Methods： A review was made using data collected from 81 cases with OLTs performed in our center from February 2003 to January 2004, and confirmed by retrospective study. Etiological factors of biliary sludge, cast and stone following OLT were analyzed, and treatment of biliary sludge, cast and stone following OLT were discussed. Result： Nine cases of biliary sludge, cast and stone were diagnosed and the incidence rate was 11.1%. Of these, five were biliary sludge and cast, 2 were bile stone and 2 were necrotic debris. Two cases with hepatic artery embolism received retransplantation and survived. The other one with hepatic artery embolism was ameliorated with nasobiliary drainage by ERCP. Two cases with biliary sludge and cast were resolved by non-operative treatment. Four cases were reoperated, 2 resolved and 2 cases died. Conclusion： Biliary injury and ischemia reperfusion injury, reject reaction, infection and changes of bile kinetics are the important factors causing biliary sludge, cast and stone following OLT. Shortening the time of cold and heat ischemia reperfusion injury of liver, reducing the injury of the blood supply of donor bile duct, actively preventing and early treating of infection and rejection reaction might reduce the incidence rate of biliary sludge, cast and stone following OLT.     

A retrospective study of fluid therapy for 100 patients of liver transplantation

Objective: To review the evolution of fluid therapy (IOFT) during liver transplantation (LTX) based on clinical experience in our institute over 7 years. Methods: All patient records (n = 130) of LTX from 1996 to 2003 were examined. After excluding patients with co-morbidities 100 cases were found suitable for IOFT analysis. All patients had undergone LTX and follow-up under the same surgical team. Based on IOFT records we tried to identify distinct patterns of practice evolving over 7 years. Intraoperalive hemodynamics (IOHD) and long-term outcome records were examined. Results: Retrospectively, 3 types of IOFT were found. Group A (n= 18, period 1996-1997) received high amounts of crystalloids; group B (n= 24, period 1998-2000) received high amounts of plasma and albumin; and group C (n = 58, period 2001-2003) received lower amounts of albumin and plasma and recommended amounts of 6% hy-droxyethyl starch 200/0. 5 (HES) and high amounts of vasoprcssors. Intraoperatively, group A exhibited the highest levels of central venous and pulmonary artery pressures in the neo-hepatic stage (P<0. 05). Postoperatively, the patients in group C had the shortest time to extubation; the values for group A,B,C were (15.8±11), (17. 3±10. 2) and (7. 98±3. 2) h respectively( P<0. 05). At the end of one-year follow-up, the patients in group C had the lowest mortality (group A, B, C were 27. 78%, 29. 17% and 6. 25% respectively; P<0. 05). Conclusion: In our institute over the years the use of crystalloids, albumin and plasma during IOFT of LTX is gradually replaced to a large extent by HES. The improvements in IOHD and long term outcomes are likely to be related to improved surgical experience of our team. Nevertheless, the shift in IOFT practices might be associated with an beneficial effect on IOHD or long term outcome. Treatment with proper amount of liquid and vasoactive drugs may be a better method of fluid therapy.     

大黄素对鹌鹑脂肪肝疗效的比较研究

目的 观察大黄素对鹌鹑实验性脂肪肝的影响。方法 将鹅鹑随机分为7组，喂以不同饲料，用高脂饲料复制鹌鹑脂肪肝的模型。8用后对肝脏进行肉眼和病理组织学检查，并测定血清中TC、TG和HDL-C／TC比值。结暴 喂高脂饲料的第2组肝脏出现明显的脂肪变性，肝系数增大，血清、TC、TG增高，HDL-C／TC比值降，与第1组（普饲对照组）相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。培高脂饲料加大黄素的3-5组、加降脂药的6组、加维生素的7组与第1组比较各项指标无显著性差异；与第2组比较，肝脂肪变性各项指标明显减轻，有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 大黄素具有抑制肝脂肪病变的作用。     

隐匿抑郁症患者脑电特点分析

目的 探讨隐匿抑郁症患者的脑电变化特点.方法 经神经内科门诊筛查选择86例以躯体化症状为主诉的隐匿抑郁症患者作为观察组,另设65例健康体检者作为正常对照组,两组均行脑电图、脑干听觉诱发电位和视觉诱发电位检查.结果 观察组脑电图异常率63.95%,正常对照组异常率仅为13.85%,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).观察组脑电图以轻度异常为主,局限性异常多见于额叶,诱发电位以各主波及波间潜伏期较正常对照组显著性延长.结论 以躯体化障碍为主诉的抑郁症患者其脑电图异常率明显高于正常人,且诱发电位潜伏期延长.     

亲体部分肝移植治疗肝豆状核变性

目的通过对儿童期肝豆状核变性(WD)1例的亲体部分肝移植术(LRLT)后的肝脏病理学研究,探讨WD患儿LRLT的手术适应证。方法采集WD患儿LRLT后的受体和供体的肝脏标本,进行HE、MASSON、Timm′s、Rubeanic染色。结果WD患儿肝脏HE、MASSON染色表现为不同程度的退行性变,胶原纤维增生明显及典型假小叶形成;Timm′s、Rubeanic染色发现不均匀分布黑色颗粒或团块样物质沉积,处于典型肝硬化阶段,与临床Child Pugh分级存在差异。结论肝脏病理对WD的手术时机选择有重要价值,在肝脏病理支持的基础上,手术指征可适当放宽。     

原位肝移植肝动脉和门静脉的重建

目的：总结同种异体原位肝移植术中肝动脉和门静脉吻合的经验。方法：回顾性分析9例原住肝移植术中影响肝动脉和门静脉吻合的因素和处理技巧。结果：5例行供、受者肝固有动脉端端吻合，2例供者肝总动脉与受者肝固有动脉吻合，2例供者肝总动脉与受者脾动脉吻合；8例采用门静脉端端吻合，1例因受者门静脉主干长段闭塞，取栓无法再通，将供肝门静脉与受省下腔静脉吻合。术后彩色多普勒超声监测显示动脉和门静脉血流通畅，均未发现有血栓形成或狭窄，现存活6例。结论：合理选择吻合用血管是避免术后发生血栓形成和狭窄的关键。     

非典型肝海绵状血管瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨非典型肝海绵状血管瘤（hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, HCH）的CT表现及相关病理学基础.方法回顾性分析18例共21个非典型HCH的CT表现,包括病灶大小、平扫密度、动态增强模式及邻近区域改变.结果平扫有13个病灶呈非均匀密度表现.出现4种非典型动态增强模式：Ⅰ型（5例）表现为动脉期病灶快速均匀强化,门静脉期及延迟期持续强化;Ⅱ型（13例）动脉期周边结节状强化,门静脉及延迟期向心性强化,但不能完全填充整个病灶;Ⅲ型（2例）动脉期病灶呈中央强化,门静脉期及延迟期增强向周边区呈离心性强化;Ⅳ型（1例）动脉期无明显强化,门静脉期及延迟期呈轻度周边强化或不规则强化.HCH邻近区域的改变：有7个病灶可见动脉-门静脉分流（arterial-portal verous shunt, APVS）,4个病灶可见肝包膜回缩（hepatic capsular retraction, HCR）.以上非典型CT表现的出现在不同大小的病灶中有差别.结论非典型肝海绵状血管瘤CT表现的出现与HCH本身的病变结构特征密切相关,认识到这些非典型表现对HCH的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义.     

软肝化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎合并早期肝硬化40例临床分析

目的探讨软肝化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）合并早期肝硬化患者的临床疗效。方法将慢性乙型肝炎合并早期肝硬化患者81例随机分为治疗组（40例）与对照组（41例）。治疗组给予软肝化纤丸治疗；对照组用鳖甲软肝片、利加隆（水飞蓟素胶囊），疗程3个月。观察治疗前后肝功（ALT、AST、ALB、TBiL）和肝纤维化（HA、IV-C、LN）等指标的变化情况。结果疗程结束后，治疗组患脾大、门静脉增宽、肝纤维化指标明显好转，与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论软肝化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎合并早期肝硬化疗效优于鳖甲软肝片，利加隆。