No justification of routine screening for 22q11 deletions in patients with overt cleft palate

The velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), caused by a submicroscopic deletion of chromosome 22q11, is the most common syndrome that has palatal anomalies as a major feature. A possible strategy for early detection of VCFS is routine screening for 22q11 deletions in all infants with cleft palate (CP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this strategy is preferable to testing on clinical suspicion. At the Nijmegen Cleft Palate Craniofacial Center, 58 new patients with overt CP were routinely tested, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), for a 22q11 deletion. One deletion was identified in a newborn girl with an overt CP who was clinically not suspected of having VCFS. Based on this study (n = 45) and the literature (n = 54), the prevalence of 22q11 deletions among children with CP, but without any other symptoms of VCFS, is estimated to be one in 99. We take the view that this figure is rather low and that early discovery will rarely have significant clinical or genetic consequences. Because CP patients remain under medical attention, almost all of the infants with isolated CP and VCFS will be recognized as having the syndrome at a later age when additional features have developed. Therefore, we conclude that routine FISH testing for 22q11 deletions in infants with overt CP is not indicated, provided clinical follow-up is guaranteed.     

舌下神经-面神经直接侧端吻合的应用解剖学研究

目的:为舌下神经-面神经直接侧端吻合提供解剖学依据。方法:①在21例防腐固定的成人头颈部标本上,测量面神经干及其颞骨内乳突段、鼓室段长度;面神经干分叉处至舌下神经颈部的最短距离。②3例新鲜标本取舌下神经及面神经干行组织学检测,测定其神经束数目和横切面积。③2例标本摹拟术式设计。结果:舌下神经干在寰椎水平为单束形式,横切面积为(8.5±0.3)mm2;面神经干在出茎乳孔处为单束形式,横切面积为(5.1±0.2)mm2;面神经干的长度为(15.7±2.0)mm,颞骨内面神经乳突段的长度为(14.6±1.5)mm、鼓室段的长度为(9.6±1.2)mm;面神经干分叉处至舌下神经颈部的最短距离为(17.2±2.3)mm。结论:舌下神经-面神经直接侧端吻合治疗面瘫具有可行性。     

听神经瘤手术保留面神经的显微外科解剖

目的 :观察面神经在脑桥小脑角、内耳道的显微外科解剖 ,为听神经瘤手术保留面神经提供解剖依据。方法 :采用头颅标本 2 0例 ,对 4 0侧脑桥小脑角部位的面神经进行显微外科解剖观察。结果 :在桥延沟 ,面神经运动根在前庭蜗神经根内侧稍上方 ( 1 .98± 0 .1 0 ) mm,展神经根外侧 ( 8.76± 1 .4 2 ) mm,在舌咽神经根出脑干处的上方约 ( 8.1 5± 2 .1 8) mm。在脑桥小脑池 ,4 0侧面神经共有 62支营养血管 ,主要来自小脑前下动脉及其分支 ;在内耳道有营养动脉 1 7支 ,主要来自迷路动脉。 结论 :熟悉面神经在脑桥小脑角及内耳道的显微解剖 ,有助于听神经瘤术中定位面神经 ,提高面神经保留率。     

面神经颅外段局部解剖与临床应用

目的：为颌面部外科手术、整形及美容手术提供面神经颅外段的应用解剖学资料。方法：在20具成人尸体、50具新生儿、1－6岁儿童尸体的139例头面部标本上,对面神经颅外段的根、干、支、丛等进行解剖观察分析。结果：（1）面神经出颅以后以一根型为主,共为138侧,占99．28％。（2）面神经干以二干为主,共122例,占87．77％。（3）上干的分支以颞支（T）、颧支（Z）、颊支（B）为主,即TZB型113侧,占89．68％。下干分支以颊支（B）、下颌缘支（M）、颈支（C）即（BMC）为主85侧,占77．98％;（4）分支形成的神经丛以TZB型最多见为87侧,占55．41％。颊支以2支为主共77例,占55．40％。结论：根据颌面部手术及整形、美容术的不同要求,对面神经加以保护和选择性应用。     

蠕形螨感染与人面部皮肤病的关系

目的　了解蠕形螨感染与人面部皮肤病的关系。方法　透明胶纸粘贴法 :被调查者晚上睡觉前清洗面部后 ,在鼻唇沟及鼻尖上各贴透明胶带一条 (长 3～ 5cm) ,第 2天起床后撕下贴在载玻片上 ,置光学显微镜下检查 ,有蠕形螨者为阳性。结果　共调查 477人 ,有不同种类皮肤病者 198人 ,感染率为 5 2 .0 2 % ,面部健康者 2 79人 ,蠕形螨感染率为 2 8.32 %。经统计学分析面部皮肤病患者与健康者蠕形螨感染率有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　蠕形螨感染与面部皮肤病的发生有一定关系。     

实验性面神经麻痹次级突触间隙扫描电镜观察

目的：探讨面神经麻痹面肌运动点的兴奋性与运动科板次级突触间隙的关系方法岙神经麻痹模型,应用盐酸消化法制作口轮匝肌招揽世镜标本者观察。结果：压１０ｓ组镒级突触间隙隙沟数量比对照侧减少而变浅。压榨３０ｓ组次级突触间隙隙沟明显减少平坦。结论：运动点失神经支配程度表明次级突触间隙病变程度,也表明面神经受损伤程度。     

Aesthetic considerations in facial reconstructive surgery: The V-Y flap revisited

The subcutaneous pedicled V-Y advancement flap (also known as the kite flap of Dufourmentel) has been described by many authors. Its versatility in reconstructive surgery is well known, both in facial reconstructive surgery as well as surgery of the trunk and extremities. Its advantages in achieving aesthetic reconstruction in specific facial regions have been less well emphasized in the literature. The flap can be designed within natural facial creases and heals inconspicuously because of its widely based subcutaneous or muscle pedicle which incorporates venous and lymphatic drainage over most of its length. The undesirable biscuiting or flap edema frequently observed with other conventional transposition flaps is avoided. We have found the V-Y flap particularly useful in reconstructing the lower eyelid/medial canthus, supra-alar, and nasolabial regions. Our experience with over 40 such flaps is described, and technical considerations in designing and elevating the flap are discussed.     

Paederus dermatitis: An easy diagnosable but misdiagnosed eruption

Paederus dermatitis is a perculiar irritant contact dermatitis characterised by erythemato-bullous lesions of sudden onset on exposed areas of the body. The disease is provoked by an insect belonging to genusPaederus. This beetle does not bite or sting, but accidental brushing against or crushing the beetle over the skin provokes the release of its coelomic fluid which contains paederin, a potent vesicant agent. Due to the pathogenic mechanism, the morphology and location of the dermatitis change from case to case. The lesion usually resembles the accidental dropping of a caustic or hot liquid. The uncommon association of acute dermatitis with minimal or no complaints, which would be noteworthy in the case of chemical or thermal burns, facilitates diagnosis which is corroborated by the season and by the case history.