模拟复用的医用外科口罩清洗和消毒后主要性能指标变化

目的 医用外科口罩模拟复用清洗和消毒后主要性能指标变化。方法 以颗粒过滤效率（PFE）、细菌过滤效率（BFE）作为医用外科口罩的关键性能指标,对不同佩戴时间、不同干燥方式、不同洗消方式等试验条件进行验证。结果 试验后的医用外科口罩关键性能指标能够符合标准要求。结论 医用外科口罩采用清水洗涤、56℃热水浸泡和100℃沸水浸泡处理后主要性能指标未见明显下降。     

喉罩全麻通气用于妇产科临床麻醉的麻醉效果及安全性评价

目的:探究妇产科麻醉中采用喉罩全麻通气的麻醉效果与安全性。方法:选取本院收治的妇产科手术患者90例,按照通气方式的不同分为2组,对照组实施气管内插管通气,观察组实施喉罩全麻通气,比较两组患者置管成功率、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率的变化。结果:对照组通气后收缩压与舒张压水平高于通气前(P<0.05);观察组通气后收缩压与舒张压水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组通气后平均动脉压与心率水平均比通气前高(P<0.05);观察组通气后平均动脉压与心率水平均比对照组低(P<0.05)。结论:产科麻醉中采用喉罩全麻通气麻醉,麻醉效果与安全性都较高。     

Evaluation of N95 respirators,modified snorkel masks and low-cost powered air-purifying respirators: a prospective observational cohort study in healthcare workers

Disposable N95 respirator masks are the current standard for healthcare worker respiratory protection in the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to shortages, qualitative fit testing can have low sensitivity for detecting poor fit, leading to inconsistent protection. Multiple groups have developed alternative solutions such as modified snorkel masks to overcome these limitations, but validation of these solutions has been lacking. We sought to determine if N95s and snorkel masks with attached high-efficiency filters provide consistent protection levels in healthcare workers and if the addition of positive pressure via an inexpensive powered-air purifying respirator to the snorkel mask would provide enhanced protection. Fifty-one healthcare workers who were qualitatively fitted with N95 masks underwent quantitative mask fit testing according to a simulated workplace exercise protocol. N95, snorkel masks with high-efficiency filters and snorkel masks with powered-air purifying respirators were tested. Respiratory filtration ratios were collected for each step and averaged to obtain an overall workplace protocol fit factor. Failure was defined as either an individual filtration ratio or an overall fit factor below 100. N95s and snorkel masks with high-efficiency filters failed one or more testing steps in 59% and 20% of participants, respectively, and 24% and 12% failed overall fit factors, respectively. The snorkel masks with powered-air purifying respirators had zero individual or overall failures. N95 and snorkel masks with high-efficiency filter respirators were found to provide inconsistent respiratory protection in healthcare workers.     

Postoperative sore throat: cause, prevention and treatment

Sore throat is a common postoperative complaint, occurring most often following tracheal intubation. Factors such as tracheal-tube size and cuff design have been shown to be important causative factors. Routine tracheal intubation for elective surgical procedures can result in pathological changes, trauma and nerve damage which may also account for postoperative throat symptoms. Sore throat following the use of a laryngeal mask appears to be related to the technique of insertion but the contribution of intracuff pressure remains to be clarified. It would appear, however, that high intracuff pressure is associated with nerve palsies due to neuropraxia and nerve compression. Careful insertion techniques for both the tracheal tube and laryngeal mask are of paramount importance in the prevention of airway trauma and postoperative sore throat.     

喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中的临床应用

目的探讨喉罩在腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术对呼吸循环的影响。方法:所有病人均面罩吸氧去氮5分钟后,以Fentaly0.2mg.Norcriun 0.1mg/kg Propofol 2mg/kg静注给药诱导放置I型3号喉罩,术中观察BP、HR、EtCO2、Ppeak、SaO2。结果喉罩通气组循环稳定,BP、HR变化明显较气管插管组小。EtCO2、Ppeak、SaO2,两组无明显变化。结论使用喉罩通气进行腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术是一种安全、可靠和易行的方法。     

颜面皮肤癌VEGF和NOS表达及相关性

[目的]研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)在颜而皮肤癌的表达及其相关性.[方法]应用免疫组化方法检测47例颜面皮肤癌标本VEGF、iNOS和eNOS的表达,并对其相关性进行统计分析.[结果]47例颜面皮肤癌组织中,表达iNOS、eNOS、VEGF的分别为63.83%、74.47%、68.09%;VEGF与iNOS的表达具有明显相关性(P＜0.01),VEGF与eNOS的表达无明显相关性(P＞0.05);VEGF的表达与颜面皮肤癌肿瘤分化程度呈正相关,与临床分期及病理分型无关.iNOS表达与颜面皮肤癌的分化程度及临床分期呈正相关,与病理分型无关.eNOS表达与颜面皮肤癌病理分型、临床分期和分化程度均无关.[结论]VEGF与iNOS的表达具有明显相关性,iNOS和VEGF在肿瘤生成过程中起重要作用.     

Familiar Face and Voice Matching and Recognition in Children with Autism

Relatively able children with autism were compared with age- and language-matched controls on assessments of (1) familiar voice-face identity matching, (2) familiar face recognition, and (3) familiar voice recognition. The faces and voices of individuals at the children's schools were used as stimuli. The experimental group were impaired relative to the controls on all three tasks. Face recognition and voice recognition correlated significantly with voice-face identity matching, but not with each other, suggesting that the recognition impairments jointly cause the matching impairment. Neither chronological age nor verbal mental age were consistently related to the recognition and matching impairments.     

热塑料面膜对皮肤剂量的影响研究

目的定量研究鼻咽癌放射治疗时,热塑料面膜在与皮肤各种距离的情况下对皮肤剂量及靶区剂量的影响,对使用面膜后皮肤反应加重的临床现象进行探讨.方法使用VARiAN2100C/D加速器产生的X6与E9射线;比利时ORFIT工业公司生产的U-PLAST材料的固定热塑料面膜;半导体探头;DPD-510半导体现场测量仪及Farmer 2570/1剂量仪和258l电离室(0.6cm3)采用源轴距(SAD)和源皮距(SSD)的方法,测量面膜与皮肤不同距离时对皮肤剂量和最大剂量点剂量的影响.结果 (1)X线入射线对皮下2 mm处剂量有一定影响,可提高11%的剂量,电子线(E9)则在面膜与皮肤有一定距离(2～2.5 cm)时产生一个高剂量峰,在皮下2 mm处最大可产生35%左右的剂量增幅.(2)使用面膜后对最大剂量点的剂量影响在X6和E9分别为0.5%和3%.(3)射出线束对皮肤剂量最大增加量为1.3%.结论 X6和E9的入射线会对皮肤剂量产生较大影响.而X6在使用面膜后无论出射线还是入射线对最大剂量点的剂量影响均不大,可以认为使用面膜不必对开机量进行校正;而E9则有3%的剂量增加,考虑为面膜提升PDD值所致,剂量计算时要将此因素考虑进去.     

非织造材料医用口罩的研制及临床应用进展

非织造材料医用口罩是经高温熔喷产生的超细纤维制成的过滤材料,具有有效阻挡飞沫和微尘、气流阻力低、无菌和耐腐蚀,是防止病原微生物吸入人体的理想材料。     

Randomised double-blind comparison of fentanyl, mivacurium or placebo to facilitate laryngeal mask airway insertion

In a double-blind randomised study, we compared conditions during insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in 150 patients who received either fentanyl 1 microg.kg-1, mivacurium 0.04 mg.kg-1 or normal saline, before induction of anaesthesia with propofol 2 mg.kg-1. Insertion conditions, including mouth opening, swallowing, gagging or coughing, head or limb movement and ease of insertion, were each graded using a three-point scale. The median (interquartile range) summed insertion scores were more favourable with the use of fentanyl [8.0 (7.0-9.0)] and mivacurium [7.5 (6.8-8.3)] than with normal saline [9.0 (7.8-10.3); p < 0.01]. Fentanyl and mivacurium decreased swallowing and head or limb movement, and mivacurium improved mouth opening. Insertion conditions were similar between fentanyl and mivacurium, while both prolonged apnoea. Fentanyl and mivacurium are equally effective in facilitating insertion of the laryngeal mask airway following anaesthetic induction with propofol.