Phosphorylation of connexin in functional regulation of the cardiac gap junction

In cardiac muscle, the gap junction contributes to electrical cell-to-cell coupling. This physiological function of the gap junction depends on the phosphorylation state of the connexin molecule, which comprises the gap junction channel. The effects of intracellular Ca²⁺ overload, acidosis, activation of protein kinase (PK) A, PKC and PKG on the phosphorylation and expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) were examined in animal hearts with reference to physiological function. Activation of PKA promotes cell-to-cell coupling due to augmentation of the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Cx43, with a rise in the quantity of and an increase in the expression of Cx43. A rise in the ionic strength of Ca²⁺ and H⁺ impaired cell communication, with the inhibition of PKA-mediated Cx43 phosphorylation. Activation of PKC reduces the quantity and expression of Cx43 despite augmentation of PKC-mediated phosphorylation of the protein. The effects of PKG activation are similar to those of PKC activation. It is suggested that PKA activation upregulates and PKC activation downregulates Cx43. The role of connexin phosphorylation in the regulation of gap junction function is discussed.     

一种安全的医院数据上报解决方案

目的：为确保医疗数据在上报过程中的安全性,提供一种安全的医院数据上报解决方案。方法：采用基于安全隔离网闸的数据交换技术保证上报数据的安全性,同时保障医院的内部网络安全、可靠地运行。结果：基于网闸的数据上报的实现不仅可确保内网信．g-系统的安全．而且高效地实现了内外网的数据交换,为数据上报提供了一条安全便捷之路。结论：采用安全隔离网闸技术实现数据上报,可确保院内网的信息安全,为医院的信息化建设提供有力的保障。     

个人和公共卫生支出对城乡居民收入差距的影响

健康和教育一样,是人力资本的重要组成部分,因此健康状况也影响人们的收入。健康状况受许多因素的影响,但主要是对健康的投资,包括公共部分和个人部分。本文分析了中国1980年以后个人和公共卫生支出对城乡居民收入差异的影响。结果显示,城乡个人医疗保健支出比例增大,城乡居民收入差距也会扩大,而公共卫生支出增加和农村社保投资比重加大都有助于缩小城乡收入差距。     

The lived experiences of racial bias for Black,Asian and Minority Ethnic students in practice: A hermeneutic phenomenological study

AimThis study explored the lived experiences of racial bias for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic students undertaking an undergraduate or post-graduate degree in nursing, midwifery and allied health courses in the United Kingdom.BackgroundPrevious research indicates that students from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups have fewer opportunities to succeed at university and this has brought about a race awarding gap in their degree attainment. The reasons for this awarding gap are complex and multi-factorial and it is crucial that the lived experiences of racial bias are explored from the student perspective.DesignA hermeneutic phenomenological approach was adopted to elicit individual and collective experiences in the practice environment, a mandatory component of the student’s degree.MethodsA focus group and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from sixteen participants and analysed using thematic analysisResultsThree encompassing themes were identified which included a sense of not belonging, trauma impact on mental health and understanding covert and overt racism. Participants reported incidences of racism and appeared to be traumatised by their experiences within practice and the university. They also reported poor mental health and well-being as shared experiences and a lack of confidence in the university and practice to mitigate racial issues.ConclusionsMeaningful action must be taken by universities and practice partners to advance racial inequality initiatives by having robust anti-racism action plans and processes. These should be co-created with students and staff to reduce the race awarding gap.     

Widening the participation gap: The effect of educational track on reported voting in England

This article explores the effect of tracked education in upper secondary on voting behaviour. It discusses two causal mechanisms that link tracked education to greater disparities of political participation: the curriculum and peer socialization. Data of Waves 1, 2, 5 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE) is used to assess the hypothesis that educational track has an independent effect on voting. Controlling for several pre- and post-track influences, the paper shows that students who have taken vocational courses in less prestigious schools indeed have lower reported voting levels at age 20 than those who have pursued an academic qualification (A levels) in prestigious schools. It is proposed that the effect of tracked education on political participation is likely to vary across Europe and that this variation may well be explained by differences across Europe in the extent to which the academic and vocational tracks are integrated, both in terms of the curriculum and in their social intake.     

3D打印个性化髋臼接骨板设计生物力学研究与分析

目的 应用三维有限元方法研究接骨板内固定疗法治疗髋臼后壁骨折,探讨接骨板与骨面不同间隙对髋臼应力分布的影响。方法 基于真实人体髋关节CT扫描数据,设计出适用于髋臼后壁骨折内固定的个性化接骨板,利用Mimics、Geomagic、Abaqus等软件构建接骨板内固定髋关节三维有限元模型,选择成人缓慢行走时单脚承重的受力状态对模型加载,分析接骨板与骨面不同间隙（0 mm、0.25 mm、0.5 mm、0.75 mm）对髋臼生物力学的影响。结果 随着接骨板与骨界面间隙的增大,接骨板与髋臼后壁碎片上所受最大应力随着间隙的增大而略微减小,但应力分布情况并没有太大的变化。结论 将本文有限元仿真结果结合临床骨治疗生物固定理念,可以发现个性化接骨板与骨界面间隙并不是越小越好,在允许范围内,应将接骨板与骨界面之间留有一定间隙。     

Difficult esophageal atresia: Trick and treat

Although most patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) may benefit from “standard” management, which is deferred emergency surgery, some may present unexpected elements that change this paradigm. Birth weight, associated anomalies, and long gap can influence the therapeutic schedule of the patients with EA/TEF and can make their treatment tricky. As a consequence, detailed information on these aspects gives the power to develop a decision-making process as correct as possible. In this article, we will review the most important factors influencing the treatment of patients with EA/TEF and will share our experience on the diagnostic and therapeutic tips that may provide pivotal help in the management of such patients.