The paper presents an adaptive noise canceller (ANC) filter using an artificial neural network for real-time removal of electro-oculogram
(EOG) interference from electro-encephalogram (EEG) signals. Conventional ANC filters are based on linear models of interference.
Such linear models provide poorer prediction for biomedical signals. In this work, a recurrent neural network was employed
for modelling the interference signals. The eye movement and eye blink artifacts were recorded by the placing of an electrode
on the forehead above the left eye and an electrode on the left temple. The reference signal was then generated by the data
collected from the forehead electrode being added to data recorded from the temple electrode. The reference signal was also
contaminated by the EEG. To reduce the EEG interference, the reference signal was first low-pass filtered by a moving averaged
filter and then applied to the ANC. Matlab Simulink was used for real-time data acquisition, filtering and ocular artifact
suppression. Simulation results show the validity and effectiveness of the technique with different signal-to-noise ratios
(SNRs) of the primary signal. On average, a significant improvement in SNR up to 27 dB was achieved with the recurrent neural
network. The results from real data demonstrate that the proposed scheme removes ocular artifacts from contaminated EEG signals
and is suitable for real-time and short-time EEG recordings. 相似文献
The series equivalent resistance R and capacitance C of metal/saline electrode/electrolyte interfaces were measured as a function
of frequency (100 Hz–20k Hz) and current density (0·25 to 1000 A m−2) for eight typical electrode metals. For each of the metals tested, R decreased and C increased as the current density was
increased above a critical value (with the exception of silver and MP35N at frequencies above 1 kHz for which R increased
and C decreased slightly). With the exception of copper, the current density linearity limit (for 10 per cent decrease in
R or 10 per cent increase in C) increased with increasing frequency and, in most cases, the current density linearity limit
for 10 per cent increase in C was slightly less than that for 10 per cent decrease in R. Among the metals tested, copper and
aluminium had the lowest current carrying capability and rhodium had the highest current-carrying capability. The current
carrying capabilities of 316 SS, platinum, silver and MP35N, were intermediate and similar. With increasing current density,
an increase in the electrode/electrolyte capacitance was the most sensitive indicator of the current-carrying linearity limit. 相似文献
In order to study the interface of calcium phosphate bioglass ceramics, cylinders of standard size were implanted in the tibiae of rabbits. The materials were evaluated by radiography, light microscopy and microradiography. Bioceramics with hydroxyapatite surface give rise to a closer contact with new bone than calcium phosphate glass ceramics. 相似文献
The events at the hydroxyapatite implant material/tissue interface in the rat middle ear were studied by light microscopy, autoradiography, morphometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray microanalysis. Deposition of calcium, partially in the form of calcium phosphate, was found at the interface. Resorption of the implant material occurred as the result of mono- and multinuclear phagocyte activity. Resorption decreased 6 mnth after the operation, possibly due to the decreasing number of phagocytes at the interface and the increasing amount of bone in the macropores. 相似文献
The long term success of total joint replacement can be limited by fatigue failure of the acrylic cement and the resulting disruption of the bone-cement interface. The incidence of such problems may be diminished by reduction of the fatigue notch factor in the cement, so that stress concentrations are avoided and the fatigue crack initiation time maximized. This study describes a method for numerical shape optimization whereby the finite element method is used to determine an optimal shape for the femoral stem of a hip prosthesis in order to minimize the fatigue notch factor in the cement layer and at interfaces with the bone and stem.
A two-dimensional model of the proximal end of a femur fitted with a total hip prosthesis was used which was equivalent to a simplified three-dimensional axisymmetric model. Software was developed to calculate the fatigue notch factor in the cement along the cement/stem and cement/bone interfaces and in the proximal bone. The fatigue notch factor in the cement at the cement/stem interface was then minimized using the ANSYS finite element program while constraining the fatigue notch factor at the cement/bone interface at or below its initial level and maintaining levels of stress in the proximal bone to prevent stress shielding. The results were compared with those from other optimization studies. 相似文献
By use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with energy dispersive chemical analysis, a study has been made of the comparison of an in vitro method of assessing interface reactions between bone and ceramic implants with the naturally occurring changes seen in the rat ear model. Interface reactions between bone and two ceramic materials were examined following 4 wk in culture and 4 wk implantation. In both cases a gradual chemical change occurred at the calcium silicate surface during the fibrous growth onto the ceramic material. Gradual mineralization of the connective fibres was found at the interface of the calcium silicate material, whereas, in the case of alumina ceramic a connective fibrous bond had formed with no associated chemical change at the ceramic surface. 相似文献
Recording the motor output of the central nervous system from the cervical spinal cord was investigated as a method of generating voluntary command signals, potentially to be used in quadriplegic individuals. Corticospinal volleys evoked by motor cortex stimulation were recorded from the spinal cord surface with multicontact electrodes in anesthetized cats. The multicontact recordings were analyzed for their information-carrying capacity as a neural interface. Neural signals resulting from the stimulation of various points in the motor cortex were considered as symbols of an alphabet that were sent through a discrete information channel. The information capacity of this channel at the thermal noise level of the electrode contacts was calculated. The maximum information rate was 1.57 bits in a trial for a 4-symbol alphabet. The background noise that reduces the information rate to 50% of its maximum theoretical value was defined as the half-bitrate-noise-tolerance (HBR-NoiseTol) and used as a measure of symbol distinguishability. The HBR-NoiseTol for all trials on average was 24 +/- 12%, 18 +/- 10%, and 15 +/- 9% for interfaces with 2-, 3-, and 4-symbol alphabets (n = 11 trials). The average peak-to-peak amplitude of the neural volleys was 13.5 +/- 6.7 microV (n = 11). These results suggest that the corticospinal signals can be recorded with spatial selectivity from the spinal cord surface and thus warrant further investigation of their potential use for a spinal cord-computer interface. 相似文献