和厚朴酚在大鼠体内药动学及唾液分布研究

目的：探讨和厚朴酚静脉注射给药后在大鼠体内的动态变化规律及其在唾液中的分布情况。方法：大鼠尾静脉注射和厚朴酚,用反相高效液相色谱法测定和厚朴酚在血浆、唾液中的浓度,采用药动学软件3 P97分析数据,确定药动学参数。结果：和厚朴酚在大鼠体内符合二室模型分布,主要药动学参数：t1／2＝（102．980±10．600） min,AUC＝（1219．260±120．520）μg· min／mL,Vc＝（0．722±0．027） L／kg, CL＝（0．0246±0．002）L／min。结论：和厚朴酚可在唾液中检测到,给药后腮腺、颌下腺中的药物浓度与血浆中的药物浓度有一定的相关性。表明腮腺和颌下腺唾液样本将来可被用于和厚朴酚的治疗监测。     

Medical visits of childhood cancer survivors in Japan: A cross‐sectional survey

Background: Although more children with cancer continue to be cured, these survivors experience various late effects. Details of the medical visit behaviors of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Methods: In order to examine medical visits in the past and future of CCS, we performed a cross‐sectional survey with self‐rating questionnaires on medical visits of CCS compared with control groups (their siblings and the general population). Results: Questionnaires were completed by 185 CCS, 72 of their siblings and 1000 subjects from the general population and the results were analyzed. Mean ages at this survey and the duration after therapy completions of CCS were 23 and 12 years, respectively. We found that the previous treatment hospitals (where CCS were treated for their cancer) were the most commonly visited medical facilities for the CCS group (74% for female patients and 64% for male patients) and more than half of the CCS preferred to continue visiting the previous treatment hospital with enough satisfaction in Japan. The multivariate analysis showed that female sex and relapse were significantly associated with the past visits to the previous treatment hospital and that the CCS with brain tumors or bone/soft tissue sarcomas and CCS with any late effects tended to continue the relationships with the hospital. In addition female sex was also significantly associated with desired future visits to the previous treatment hospital. On the other hand, the married CCS tended to be disinclined to visit the hospital it in the future. Conclusions: In order to optimize risk‐based care and promote health for CCS after adulthood, we should discuss the medical transition with CCS and their parents.     

Clinical imaging of macular pigment optical density and spatial distribution

Clinical research continues to provide an increasing number of studies that reveal an association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and both visual function and ocular health. As a result, there is a growing need for repeatable, accurate measures of MPOD that can describe peak optical density as well as spatial distribution. Measurement of MPOD in a research setting has an established history encompassing a number of both objective and subjective techniques. Transition of these techniques to a clinical setting has produced an array of commercial devices using three primary methods: heterochromatic flicker photometry, fundus autofluorescence and fundus reflectometry. The inherent differences among the techniques create difficulty in making direct comparisons between MPOD measurement devices. Understanding the limitations of each technique is critical in the clinical interpretation of MPOD results. Here, both the objective and subjective methods of MPOD measurement are reviewed with emphasis on the commercially available devices used in clinical settings.     

Pharmacokinetics,biodistribution and bioavailability of isoliquiritigenin after intravenous and oral administration

Context: Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) has been shown to exhibit a variety of biological activities. However, there is little research on the pharmacokinetic behavior and tissues distribution of ISL.

Objective: Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and bioavailability of ISL after intravenous and oral administration were determined by systematic investigation in Sprague–Dawley rats.

Materials and methods: ISL was dissolved in medicinal ethanol-Tween 80–0.9% sodium chloride saline in a volume ratio of 10:15:75. The ISL solution was injected in rats via a tail vein at a single dose of 10, 20 and 50?mg/kg and administered orally in rats at a single dose of 20, 50 and 100?mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected at time intervals of 0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 12?h after intravenous injection. Tissues of interests in mice were collected immediately at each determined time point (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 6?h) after cervical dislocation.

Results: The dose-normalized AUC values were 7.3, 7.6 and 8.7?μg?×?h/ml (calculated based on the dose of 10?mg/kg) for intravenous doses of 10, 20 and 50?mg/kg, respectively. The elimination half-lifes (t_1/2λ) were 4.9, 4.6 and 4.8?h at 10, 20 and 50?mg/kg intravenous doses, respectively. The F values were 29.86, 22.70, 33.62% for oral doses of 20, 50 and 100?mg/kg, respectively. Liver, heart and kidney were major distribution tissues of ISL in mice. The plasma protein binding of ISL in rats was 43.72%.

Conclusion: The work may useful for further study of the bioactive mechanism of ISL.     

青岛崂山二中新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎高发病原因调查

目的了解青岛市崂山二中新疆班高中学生急性阑尾炎高发病的原因,对实施预防干预及提高群体健康水平提供依据。方法设计流行病学调查表,收集青岛地区新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎发病相关资料,进行整理分析。结果2002～2005年急性阑尾炎平均年发病率为2.24%(30/1338),明显高于青岛本地班学生(P<0.01);2006～2007平均年发病率为0.67%(5/750),较前几年明显下降(P<0.01)。饮食因素、生活方式、自然地理变迁及种族因素对高发病起到重要作用。结论青岛地区新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎高发病率是自然地理、社会地理以及医学地理因素综合作用的结果。     

维吾尔医治疗稳定型心绞痛回顾性调查分析

目的回顾调查新疆5家维吾尔医医院10年来稳定型心绞痛的诊疗资料,总结分析维吾尔医治疗原则和方法、用药原则和种类、非药物治疗方法、疗效判断、护理措施等。方法收集1999-2008年新疆维吾尔自治区5家维吾尔医医院确诊为稳定型心绞痛并接受住院治疗的356例患者住院病历,以治疗、护理、疗效学资料为调查内容,进行回顾性调查,统计分析并总结。结果使用较多的药物为白里海密(黏液质)、赛危达依(黑胆质)、蒙孜吉(成熟剂),通用型木斯合力(清除剂)艾皮提蒙糖浆、库克亚片,内服药物有养心达瓦依米西克、爱维心颗粒等,并维吾尔医特色饮食和生活护理。356例中,痊愈10例(2.81%),显效89例(25.00%),有效118例(33.15%),无效9例(2.53%),病情稳定7例(1.97%),123例(34.55%)无疗效判断结果。结论由于引起稳定型心绞痛的原因、诱因及患者密杂吉不同,所采取的治疗、护理方法不一样,突出了个体化治疗方法,传统的维吾尔医治疗安全有效。     

Red blood cell distribution width at admission predicts outcome in critically ill patients with kidney failure: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV database

PurposeWe aimed to explore whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) could serve as a biomarker to predict outcomes in critically ill patients with kidney failure in this study.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was conducted with the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV).A total of 674 patients were divided into three groups based on tertiles of RDW. We used the generalized additive model, Kaplan–Meier curve, and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between RDW and clinical outcomes. We then performed subgroup analyses to investigate the stability of the associations between RDW and all-cause mortality.ResultsNonlinear and J-shaped curves were observed in the generalized additive model. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with elevated RDW had a lower survival rate. The Cox regression model indicated that high levels of RDW were most closely associated with ICU mortality and 30-day mortality (HR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.69–11.64 and HR = 6.62, 95% CI: 2.84–15.41). Subgroup analyses indicated that the associations between RDW and all-cause mortality were stable.ConclusionsElevated levels of RDW were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and RDW could be an independent prognostic factor for kidney failure.     

Analysing the Porosity Distribution in Stone Surfaces by Means of Unilateral NMR after Long-Term Outdoor Weathering

Porosity changes in the near-surface area of sandstones due to long-term weathering can produce deterioration. Therefore, porosity analyses on weathered sandstones are significant for detecting possible influences on the pore structure. Classical methods for determining the porosity and pore size distribution in sandstones can only investigate the entire sample volume. In contrast, in this publication, the porosity was analysed in 0.2 mm steps over a depth of 5 mm by means of single-sided NMR measurements on water-saturated sandstones under vacuum. Evaluations of Obernkirchener and Schleeriether Sandstones that were weathered outdoors in Germany for over 30 years are presented. The results showed that the water content in Vol.-% strongly correlated with the normalised NMR signal. The unweathered sandstones showed a uniform distribution of micro and capillary pores throughout the stone depth. As a result of 30 years of outdoor weathering, changes in the pore structure occurred at the sandstone surface due to weathering down to depths of about 0.6 mm. The porosity of the Schleeriether Sandstone samples, mainly the microporosity, clearly increased in this region. Due to the dominance of capillary pores in the Obernkirchener Sandstone, the changes were not as pronounced, but a shift towards smaller pores in the surface area was observable.     

Coronary artery lesion distribution in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

PurposeTo determine the location of coronary atherosclerosis distribution observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the database of cardiovascular medicine data from Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital to clarify the association between renal function and angiographic characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis. In total, 3268 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were included. Propensity score matching revised the total to 1772. The association of renal function with the location and/or distribution of coronary atherosclerosis lesions was then examined.ResultsOverall, coronary lesion was observed in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 56% patients, whereas 28% and 22% were in the right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), respectively. LAD was most affected and observed in 57% patients with stage 1 CKD. RCA was second-most affected, at 26% CKD stage 1, but it increased to 31%, 38%, and 59% in CKD 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In CKD 5 patients, the RCA was the most affected artery (59%), with 41% LAD lesions. Logistic regression analysis after propensity score matching showed that the odds ratios for an RCA lesion was 3.658 in CKD 5 (p = .025) compared with CKD 1 after adjusting for traditional risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of RCA lesions, but not LAD or LCX lesions, increased with increasing CKD stage. The pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerosis may differ by lesion location. Deterioration of renal function may affect progression of atherosclerosis more in the RCA than in the LAD or LCX.     

血瘀证量化诊断流行病学调查数据的判别分析

目的:运用统计学方法研究对于血瘀证诊断具有较好区分能力的诊断方法和诊断标准。方法:在现代流行病学原则指导下进行血瘀证诊断的多中心、大样本临床资料收集,对其结果进行判别分析处理。结果:对75个变量进行 35步的逐步判别,共有33个项目进入方程,由此建立了血瘀型和非血瘀型的判别函数,并对33个自变量对血瘀证判别的贡献度进行区分。并对2004例患者进行了对判别结果的回顾性检验,总预测正确率为91.6%。结论:逐步判别分析可筛选出对鉴别两类具有不同属性的人群有较大贡献的条目,从而使其结果具有较好的区分度。