Collecting and evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment: why and how?

Plasma provided by COVID-19 convalescent patients may provide therapeutic relief as the number of COVID-19 cases escalates steeply worldwide. Prior findings in various viral respiratory diseases including SARS-CoV-related pneumonia suggest that convalescent plasma can reduce mortality, although formal proof of efficacy is still lacking. By reducing viral spread early on, such an approach may possibly downplay subsequent immunopathology. Identifying, collecting, qualifying and preparing plasma from convalescent patients with adequate SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing Ab titres in an acute crisis setting may be challenging, although well within the remit of most blood establishments. Careful clinical evaluation should allow to quickly establish whether such passive immunotherapy, administered at early phases of the disease in patients at high risk of deleterious evolution, may reduce the frequency of patient deterioration, and thereby COVID-19 mortality.     

Lifitegrast clinical efficacy for treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease across three randomized controlled trials

Objective: Report efficacy findings from three clinical trials (one phase 2 and two phase 3 [OPUS-1, OPUS-2]) of lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% for treatment of dry eye disease (DED).

Research design and methods: Three 84-day, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trials. Adults (≥18 years) with DED were randomized (1:1) to lifitegrast 5.0% or matching placebo. Changes from baseline to day 84 in signs and symptoms of DED were analyzed.

Main outcome measures: Phase 2, pre-specified endpoint: inferior corneal staining score (ICSS; 0–4); OPUS-1, coprimary endpoints: ICSS and visual-related function subscale (0–4 scale); OPUS-2, coprimary endpoints: ICSS and eye dryness score (EDS, VAS; 0–100).

Results: Fifty-eight participants were randomized to lifitegrast 5.0% and 58 to placebo in the phase 2 trial; 293 to lifitegrast and 295 to placebo in OPUS-1; 358 to lifitegrast and 360 to placebo in OPUS-2. In participants with mild-to-moderate baseline DED symptomatology, lifitegrast improved ICSS versus placebo in the phase 2 study (treatment effect, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.05–0.65; p?=?0.0209) and OPUS-1 (effect, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10–0.38; p?=?0.0007). Among more symptomatic participants (baseline EDS ≥40, recent artificial tear use), lifitegrast improved EDS versus placebo in a post hoc analysis of OPUS-1 (effect, 13.34; 95% CI, 2.35–24.33; nominal p?=?0.0178) and in OPUS-2 (effect, 12.61; 95% CI, 8.51–16.70; p?<?0.0001).

Limitations: Trials were conducted over 12 weeks; efficacy beyond this period was not assessed.

Conclusions: Across three trials, lifitegrast improved ICSS in participants with mild-to-moderate baseline symptomatology in two studies, and EDS in participants with moderate-to-severe baseline symptomatology in two studies. Based on the overall findings from these trials, lifitegrast shows promise as a new treatment option for signs and symptoms of DED.     

Improved Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bowel Disease of Prematurity on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

Bowel diseases of prematurity, including necrotizing enterocolitis, are dreaded ailments of neonates. Early diagnosis is difficult, with clinical and radiographic findings often inconclusive. We present a novel use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection of pediatric bowel disease. Early identification of compromised blood flow or an at-risk bowel can be quantitatively detected and monitored. This ability has implications for guidance of emerging therapies, allowing targeting of inflammation. These findings represent an advancement in detection of bowel disease in neonates.     

口腔医疗机构应对国家突发公共卫生事件的问题与思考

突发公共卫生事件应急管理是一个全球性的课题。本文就2019年12月以来发生在中国的新型冠状病毒肺炎这一突发公共卫生事件,口腔医疗机构及其从业人员面临的相关问题进行法律层面的分析与思考,以期对口腔医疗行业应对突发公共卫生事件提供帮助和指导。     

互联网形势下医院离退休干部管理工作探索

当前我国科技技术进一步提升,国民生活水平也在不断地进步,对于医院离退休干部管理服务的要求也越来越高。对于医院的工作来说,处理好医院的退离休老干部是一项十分重要的工作,所以医院工作管理人员需要提高对于离退休老干部管理工作的重视。而在传统意义下医院离退休干部的管理服务,存在着较多的问题,而当前在互联网的形势下却能够实现更加具有科学化、合理化的服务。通过创新服务理念,对于管理方式进行改革,可以有效地改善当前对于医院离退休干部的管理服务水平,青年团员可以自行组成相应的志愿者,加强对于退休老人的关心,了解老干部在生活以及学习中出现的问题,并且采取有效的措施进行解决。本文通过以阐述我国当前离退休干部管理工作的现状作为切入点,进行分析探究,进一步提出互联网模式下提高我国医院离退休干部管理的对应措施。     

护士分层级管理对急性肝炎患者护理满意度的影响

目的分析护士分层级管理的实施对急性肝炎患者护理满意度的影响。方法该院自2018年3月起实施护士分层级管理,以该院10名肝病科护理人员为研究对象,其中2017年3月—2018年2月实施前(对照组)及2018年3月—2019年2月实施后(研究组)的管理效果。结果与对照组比较,研究组患者的病房管理、患者护理、文书书写、基础护理、入院宣教方面的护理质量评分均明显升高(P<0.05);与对照组82.29%的护理总满意率比较,研究组护理总满意率显著升高,达到了97.92%(P<0.05);与对照组工作自我满意度比较,研究组患者的自我价值体现等方面的工作自我满意度评分均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论护士分层级管理策略的实施,有效提高了急性肝炎患者护理满意度,提升了科室护理质量。     

层级质量控制在外科ICU护理管理中的应用

目的探讨在外科ICU护理管理中实施层级质量控制的效果。方法选择2016年1-12月为实施前,2018年1-12月为实施后,实施前后均选取50例外科ICU患者及护理人员为研究对象,对实施前后外科ICU护理管理质量进行观察。结果实施后外科护理人员在工作人员素质、环境管理、护理质量管理及质量总分上均显著高于实施前(P<0.05);实施后ICU患者对护理管理的总满意率为98.00%,明显高于实施前总满意率86.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在外科ICU护理管理中,实施层级质量控制的护理管理模式,可显著提高ICU病房护理治疗,提高患者的满意率,值得推广。     

疼痛管理在创伤骨科护理管理中的应用价值

目的探究创伤骨科护理管理中疼痛管理的应用价值。方法 82例患者选取于2017年6月-2018年6月,所有患者均来源于本院骨科收治的住院患者,数字表为患者分组原则,常规组41例,疼痛组41例,分别予以常规护理、常规护理+疼痛管理,比较满意度、疼痛评分及平均住院时间。结果疼痛组满意度92.68%比常规组73.17%高,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=5.513,P <0.05),患者干预后的疼痛评分低于常规组,平均住院时间短于常规组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论疼痛管理用于创伤骨科护理管理中,患者疼痛明显减轻,患者满意度高,缩短了患者的平均住院时间。