Supramolecular Ferric Porphyrins as Cyanide Receptors in Aqueous Solution

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Improvements in both psychosis and motor signs in Parkinson's disease, and changes in regional cerebral blood flow after electroconvulsive therapy

Purpose

Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) are relatively common and, in addition to creating a disturbance in patients' daily lives, have consistently been shown to be associated with poor outcome. The use of anti-PD medications has been the most widely identified risk factor for PD psychosis (PDP). However, the pathophysiology of PDP remains unclear. Although the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for PD had been pointed out, only one study has demonstrated the effectiveness of ECT on both psychotic symptoms and motor symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effectiveness of ECT on PD and to identify the brain areas associated with PDP.

Methods

The study was conducted at Juntendo University Hospital in Tokyo. Eight patients with L-DOPA- or dopamine (DA) agonist-induced PDP, who were resistant to quetiapine treatment, were enrolled. Severity of PD was evaluated using the Hoehn and Yahr stage. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using multiple measures from the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography (99mTc ECD SPECT) was used to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) before and after a course of ECT. A voxel-by-voxel group analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5).

Results

Our study clearly demonstrated that PDP was significantly less severe after ECT than before ECT, as indicated by change in mean SAPS total domain score (t = 7.2, P = 0.0002). Furthermore, the patients showed significant improvement in Hoehn and Yahr stage after ECT (t = 11.7, P < 0.0001). A further notable observation was significant increase in rCBF in the right middle frontal gyrus after ECT.

Conclusion

We conclude that a course of ECT produced notable improvements not only in PDP but also in the severity of PD. The findings of change in rCBF suggest implications for dysfunction in the middle frontal region for patients with PDP.     

化痰通络汤足浴对亚健康吸烟人群血小板活性影响随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察化痰通络汤足浴对亚健康吸烟人群血小板活性影响。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将180例志愿者按随机数字表分为三组,亚健康吸烟组（非干预亚组、干预亚组）、正常非吸烟组。非干预亚组热水浴足,水温37～40℃,30min／次,双脚浴足。干预亚组化痰通络汤（法半夏、橘红、枳壳、川芎、红花、远志、石菖蒲各10g,茯神、党参、丹参各15g,炙甘草10g）,1剂／d,水煎1500mL,水温37～40℃,30mird次,双脚浴足。连续治疗1个月为1个疗程。连续治疗2疗程（2个月）,观测临床症状、D-二聚体、膜糖蛋白CD62p检测值、不良反应。[结果]D-二聚体及CD62p检测值吸烟组高于非吸烟组（P〈0．01）;干预亚组优于非干预亚组（P〈0．01）,干预亚组与正常非吸烟组无明显差异（P〉0.05）。[结论]化痰通络汤足浴能有效改善亚健康吸烟人群血小板活性,延缓阻止血栓发生。     

成人腹型过敏性紫癜与D-二聚体的关系及其在分型鉴别中的价值

目的观察不同分型成人腹型过敏性紫癜（AP）患者的D-二聚体的含量差别,从而探讨D-二聚体在不同分型鉴别诊断的价值。方法收集腹型、肾型及单纯型（AP）患者各18、15及20例,比较以上三组患者D-二聚体、血小板（PLT）计数及凝血时间（w）的差别。结果三组患者血小板及凝血时间均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但腹型AP患者的D-二聚体明显高于单纯型,而单纯型患者明显高于肾型,三者当中任意两者差异均具有显著（p〈0．05）;相关性分析显示D-二聚体与血小板计数呈正相关性（P〈0．05）,而与门无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论以单纯型AP患者为参照,腹型AP患者的D-二聚体明显升高,而肾型明显降低,该现象在腹型及肾型过敏性紫癜的鉴别诊断起到作用,具有重要的临床价值。     

口腔颌面部肿瘤患者血浆D－二聚体水平检测的临床价值

用血浆Ｄ二聚体（ＤＤ）单克隆抗体对６１例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者作血浆ＤＤ测定，结果表明，良性肿瘤组（ｎ＝２０），未治疗恶性肿瘤组（ｎ＝２２）和恶性肿瘤治疗组（ｎ＝１９）ＤＤ阳性率分别为２５０％，６３６％和２１１％。前两组间和后两组间比较，分别有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）和非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１）。提示血浆ＤＤ可作为口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的分子标志物。血浆ＤＤ水平对恶性肿瘤预后可能有估测价值。     

炒九香虫的炮制工艺优化及其质量标准的建立

目的:优选炒九香虫的炮制工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法:采用滚筒式炒药机,以炮制温度、炮制时间、炒药机转速为炮制因素,以镇痛率、多巴胺二聚体含量和醇溶性浸出物得率为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优选九香虫的炒制工艺,利用最佳工艺对10个不同批次的九香虫进行炒制,并测定其总灰分和醇溶性浸出物的含量。结果:炒九香虫的最佳工艺为炒制温度170℃,炒制时间5 min,炒药机转速50 r·min~(-1)。建议炒九香虫的总灰分定为不超过5.2%,醇溶性浸出物不得少于16.8%。结论:优选的炮制工艺合理可靠、稳定性好、方法简便,为规范炒九香虫饮片的炮制工艺和质量标准提供科学依据。     

Protective effects of sunscreening agents on photocarcinogenesis, photoaging, and DNA damage in XPA gene knockout mice

We investigated the protective effects of commercial sunscreening agents against UVB-induced photoresponses in group A xeroderma pigmentosum (XPA) model mice. XPA gene-deficient mice are defective in nucleotide excision repair and show a high incidence of skin tumors and severe acute inflammation in response to UVB irradiation, in a similar manner to XP patients. SPF 10 and SPF 60 sunscreens protected partially and almost completely, respectively, ear swelling responses produced by UVB up to 200 mJ/cm2 in (-/-) mice. XPA (-/-) mice were irradiated three times a week to a cumulative dose of 2.6 J/cm2 UVB for a period of 24 weeks with or without SPF 10 or SPF 60 sunscreen. UV-induced skin tumors had developed in all unprotected (-/-) mice (13.3 tumors per mouse) at the completion of UVB irradiation. The SPF 60 sunscreen afforded stronger protection against photocarcinogenesis (1.0 tumors per mouse) than the SPF 10 sunscreen (4.4 tumors per mouse). Regarding photoaging, SPF 60 sunscreen also protected against mast cell infiltration (79% inhibition), elastic fiber accumulation, and dermal cyst proliferation in XPA (-/-) mice compared with unprotected (-/-) mice. In (-/-) mice, the SPF 60 sunscreen provided stronger protection against cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation shown immunohistologically following irradiation with 200 mJ/cm2 UVB than the SPF 10 sunscreen. The XPA model mouse is a useful animal for the evaluation of the photoprotective ability of sunscreens because photoresponses, even chronic changes, can be easily and quickly induced experimentally.